Este trabalho propõe uma análise da viagem do artista francês Antonin Artaud ao México no ano de 1936. Por meio das correspondências e dos textos de Artaud produzidos neste país, pretende-se problematizar a sua concepção sobre a Revolução Mexicana e sobre os seus desdobramentos políticos e culturais durante os anos 1930, as suas ideias sobre as culturas indígenas e a sua relação com a realidade artística-intelectual mexicana. Parte-se da premissa de que o olhar de Artaud para o México foi formado por um ambiente intelectual e artístico marcado pelo Surrealismo, por um sentimento de crise da civilização europeia e por uma busca por formas de vida mais integradas entre o homem, a natureza e a arte. Artaud chega ao México em fevereiro de 1936 e permanece no país durante oito meses. Segundo suas próprias palavras, fora em busca do que ele denominaria de esoterismo mexicano o único que se apóia ainda sobre o sangue e a magnificência de uma terra cuja magia só os imitadores fanatizados da Europa podem ignorar. Durante a estadia, antes de ir à terra dos Tarahumaras, proferiu conferências na Escola Nacional Preparatória e escreveu artigos em jornais mexicanos a respeito do teatro europeu, do teatro mexicano, do movimento surrealista francês, das suas expectativas com relação à cultura indígena mexicana e da sua busca existencial como artista. No entanto, a sua visita ao México se dá justamente no período pós-revolucionário, durante o polêmico e marcante governo de Lázaro Cárdenas, no qual há uma radicalização da querela entre os artistas denominados universalistas e aqueles conhecidos como nacionalistas. Os primeiros, ao defenderem uma arte moderna e universal, preconizavam a arte europeia como matriz aspecto que Artaud repudiava e os segundos, ao afirmarem uma arte nacional, pura, utilizavam-se da cultura indígena como elemento unificador da nação, mas sem o respeito pela magia e pelo esoterismo indígena que Artaud tanto pregava. Daí as hipóteses para a falta de repercussão sobre o artista francês durante a sua permanência no país. Artaud também projetou sobre o México percepções que ele nutria a respeito do teatro. Idealizador do chamado Teatro da Crueldade, Artaud reconheceu no ritual do peyote praticado pelos índios tarahumaras no México uma vivência que se aproximava do seu projeto teatral / This work proposes an analysis about the Mexico trip realized by the French artist Antonin Artaud in 1936. With Artauds correspondences and texts written in this country, it intends to discuss his conception about Mexican revolution and its political and cultural results during the 1930s years, his ideas about the Indian cultures and his relation with the Mexican artistic intellectual reality. We have the premise that Artauds look to México was formed by an intellectual and artistic surrounding marked for the Surrealism, by an European civilizations crisis feeling and by a search for lifes forms more integrated between man, nature and arts. Artaud arrived in México in February of 1936 and stayed in the country during eight months. With his own words, he was searching for what he called by Mexican esoterism the only one that still rest on the blood and the magnificent of a land whose magic only the fanatics imitators from Europe can ignore. During his permanence, before going to Tarahumaras land, Artaud was the speaker for conferences in the National Preparatory School and wrote articles for the Mexican newspapers about the European theatre, the Mexican theatre, the French surrealist movement and his Mexican Indian culture expectation. He also wrote about his own experience about his existential search as an artist. However, his Mexico visit had been done in the post-revolutionary period, during the polemic and notorious Lázaro Cárdenas government, when there was a radicalization of the debate between the artists known as universalists and other as nationalists. The first ones, when defended a modern and universal art, commended the European art as matrix aspect repudiated by Artaud and the second ones, when asseverated a national art, pure, had utilized the Indian culture like nations unifier element, but without the respect for the magic and for the Indian esoterism that Artaud always had been preached. These aspects could integrate the hypothesis that explains the lack of repercussion about the French artist during his stay in the country. Artaud also projected in Mexico the perceptions that he created about the theatre. The artist was the idealizer of the Cruelty Theatre, and he recognized in the Peyotes ceremony practiced by the Tarahumaras Indians in Mexico an environment close to his theatrical project

Uma das dificuldades do aluno, quando envolvido em atividade de leitura em sala de aula, encontra-se na depreensão do tema de textos usados, entre outras coisas, como ponto de partida para a produção textual. Tal situação torna-se mais crítica quando a tarefa envolve coletâneas. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar em que medida a orientação prévia de leitura de uma coletânea prepara o aluno para a depreensão do tema. A pesquisa foi conduzida da perspectiva teórica que considera o texto lugar de interação de sujeitos dialogicamente constituídos, ativos, que (re)constroem os sentidos a partir das pistas lingüísticas. Para tanto, alunos de Ensino Médio de uma escola militar foram submetidos a atividades de leitura de duas coletâneas, cada uma formada de três excertos de textos de gêneros discursivos diferentes. Verificou-se que as orientações de leitura, pautadas em estratégias de seleção, antecipação, inferência, verificação, possibilitaram ao aluno controlar o que estava sendo lido, levantar hipóteses e validá-las no texto. Concluise que, embora não existam garantias de que ele obterá sucesso na tarefa de depreensão do tema, o aluno terá oportunidade ler com compreensão e aprender de forma autônoma em diversas situações. São as estratégias que formam um leitor ativo, capaz de processar e atribuir significados ao que lê. / One of the difficulties of the students, when involved in reading activities in class, is the inference and apprehension of the theme in used texts among other things, as the starting point for the textual production. Such a situation becomes more critical when the activity involves an anthology. Thus, this work has the objective of checking how much previous orientation of reading from collected writings prepares the student for the fully comprehension (inference and apprehension) of the theme. The research was conducted from the theoretical perspective which considers the text to be the place where there is an interaction between active subjects who build themselves in the dialogue and who rebuild the senses from linguistic traces. In order to verify this, High School students from a Military Institution were submitted to reading activities extracted from two collected writings, each one made up of three excerpts of different discourse genre texts. The reading orientation guided by selective strategies, anticipation, inference, summary and checking made it possible for the students to take control of the reading, formulate hypothesis and validate them in the text. We can get to the conclusion that although there are no guarantees that he will succeed in the inference and apprehension of the theme, the student will have the opportunity to read with comprehension and learn in an autonomous form in several situations. Strategies will, actually, make up an attentive reader who will be able to analyze and assign meanings to the reading.

nÃo hà / A expansÃo universitÃria iniciou-se nos anos 1960, mas foi nos anos 1990 que ganhou destaque nas polÃticas educacionais, com avalanche de crescimento do ensino privado. O processo de ampliaÃÃo das IFES teve inÃcio com o Projeto Expandir, em 2005, que se fundamenta no princÃpio de quantidade e de qualidade do ensino superior. Ganhou reforÃo com o Programa Reuni, lanÃado em 2007. SÃo inÃmeros os estudos sobre os impactos dos meios de comunicaÃÃo no comportamento dos indivÃduos. Cada indivÃduo à capaz de procurar e encontrar um meio de comunicaÃÃo compatÃvel com suas convicÃÃes. A hipÃtese do agenda setting explica o alcance dos meios de comunicaÃÃo, como eles interferem na seleÃÃo dos assuntos no dia a dia das pessoas e como elas apreendem a realidade em sua volta. Jà a hipÃtese da âespiral do silÃncioâ refere-se ao medo do isolamento social que faz com que as pessoas evitem expressar opiniÃes discordantes da opiniÃo dominante do grupo do qual fazem parte. Questionamentos surgiram no tocante à eficiÃncia e à efetividade das informaÃÃes transmitidas pelos jornais cearenses sobre expansÃo universitÃria, à eficÃcia da metodologia, à possibilidade de levantamento de dados e Ãs contribuiÃÃes advindas dos resultados dessa investigaÃÃo. As questÃes que referenciaram a pesquisa foram: Como sÃo veiculadas as matÃrias sobre expansÃo universitÃria nos jornais DiÃrio do Nordeste e O Povo? Esses jornais favorecem a participaÃÃo dos leitores e publicam sua opiniÃo? Qual a postura deles com relaÃÃo Ãs polÃticas pÃblicas da educaÃÃo superior? Os objetivos foram: analisar a cobertura jornalÃstica sobre a temÃtica expansÃo universitÃria no DiÃrio do Nordeste e O Povo no perÃodo de 2005 a 2008; identificar os gÃneros jornalÃsticos utilizados pelo DiÃrio do Nordeste e O Povo para o tratamento da temÃtica e analisar o conteÃdo das matÃrias sobre expansÃo universitÃria veiculadas nesses jornais. Estudo exploratÃrio de abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, utilizando, para anÃlise dos dados, o mÃtodo de investigaÃÃo de anÃlise de conteÃdo proposto por Bardin (2004). Os resultados apontaram para uma cobertura jornalÃstica com influÃncia mÃnima no corpus de conhecimento do cidadÃo, na discussÃo da temÃtica e na construÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para a educaÃÃo. Os conteÃdos das matÃrias veiculadas nos jornais DiÃrio do Nordeste e O Povo colocam-nos diante da despolitizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo como tema social, passÃvel de uma intervenÃÃo em todas as esferas, tanto no que diz respeito à mÃdia como à sociedade civil. A comunicaÃÃo à uma questÃo fundamental e nÃo se limita a promover a divulgaÃÃo de temas especÃficos com assuntos especÃficos como, no caso, âeducaÃÃoâ com assunto especÃfico âexpansÃo universitÃriaâ, fazendo-se necessÃria a construÃÃo de um novo tipo de relacionamento mÃdia e cidadÃo no sentido da produÃÃo de informaÃÃes mais qualificadas e da interface com a sociedade. / The university expansion begun during the â60s, but it was during the â90s that it became highlighted at the educational policies, from the avalanche of growth of the private education. The enlargement process of the Federal Institutes of Superior Education (FISE) begun with the Expand Project, in 2005, which is based in the principle of quantity and quality of the higher education. It got reinforced by the Reuni Program, released in 2007. There are numerous studies about the impacts of the media at individuals behavior. Each individual is able to search and find a media that is compatible with his or hers convictions. The agenda setting hypothesis explains the reach of the media, how they interfere at the everyday matters selection, and how they capture the reality around. The spiral of silence hypothesis refers to the fear of social isolation which make people avoid expressing discordant opinions different from the dominant opinion at the group where they belong. Questions emerged about efficiency and effectiveness of the information published by the newspapers from Cearà about university expansion, the efficiency of the methodology, the possibility of surveying data and the contributions brought from the results of this investigation. The questions that referenced the research were: how the stories about the expansion are conveyed at the newspapers DiÃrio do Nordeste and O Povo? Do these newspapers foment the readersâ participation and do they publish their opinion? Which is their position regarding the public policies at the higher education? The objectives were: analyze the coverage on the issue of expansion at DiÃrio do Nordeste and O Povo from 2005 to 2008, identify the journalistic genres used by DiÃrio do Nordeste and O Povo for the treatment of the subject and analyze the content of the materials disseminated concerning the university expansion in these newspapers. Exploratory study of predominantly qualitative approach, using, for data analysis, the research method of analysis content proposed by Bardin (2004). The results pointed to a coverage with minimal influence on the corpus of knowledge of the citizen, at the discussion of the subject and at the construction of public policies oriented for education. The contents of the subjects printed in the newspapers DiÃrio do Nordeste and O Povo brings us the depoliticization of education as a social issue, capable of an intervention in all spheres, as concerning to media as to the civil society. Communication is a key issue and not merely promotes a divulgation of specific topics with specific subjects, in the case, "education" with the specific subject "university expansion", being necessary to build a new type of relationship among media and citizen, concerning the production of more qualified information and the interface with the society.

Esta tese de doutorado, intitulada José Luandino Vieira: memória e guerras entrelaçadas com a escrita, propõe a leitura de três romances: Nós, os do Makulusu (1975), O livro dos rios (2006) e O livro dos guerrilheiros (2009), do angolano Luandino Vieira. As três narrativas produzidas nos fins do século XX e nos primeiros anos do século XXI encenam as transformações vivenciadas a partir do processo de colonização (guerra de libertação/independência de Angola), bem como o entrecruzamento da História/ficção (na apropriação e interpretação do passado), da memória e da escrita (individual e/ou coletiva) decorrentes desse momento. Portanto, através de uma leitura baseada nos pressupostos da literatura comparada, procuramos analisar a relação entre os três romances. Desse modo, esperamos mostrar como a ficcionalização da guerra de libertação evidencia as fissuras, perplexidades e profundas contradições internas de um país que viveu guerras sucessivas que só terminaram no ano de 2002, portanto em pleno século XXI / This doctoral thesis entitled José Luandino Vieira: memory and wars intertwined with writing proposes the reading of three novels: Nós, os do Makulusu (1975), O livro dos rios (2006) e O livro dos guerrilheiros (2009), by Luandino Vieira from Angola. The three narratives produced in the late 20th century and in the early 21st century stage the changes experienced since the colonization process (war of liberation/independence of Angola) which constitute the central theme as well as the interweaving of History/fiction (in appropriating and interpreting the past), of memory and writing (individual and/or collective) resulting from this moment. Therefore, by means of a reading based on the assumptions of comparative literature, we attempted to analyze the relationship between the three novels. Therefore, we hope to show how the fictionalization of the war of liberation highlights the fissures, perplexities and deep internal contradictions of a country that has experienced recurrent wars, which did not end until 2002, that is in the 21st century

Emile Zola é conhecido por sua carreira como romancista, mas sua iniciação como escritor deu-se também como crítico de arte entre as décadas de 1860 a 1896, anos nos quais o escritor frequentou os ateliês de célebres pintores, cafés e os Salões. A partir da análise dos artigos de jornal presente na compilação Escritos sobre a arte, o trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar como a relação com os pintores impressionistas leva Zola a utilizar os procedimentos picturais desse movimento para descrever os quadros expostos nos Salões de 1866 a 1880. Na primeira parte do trabalho, será apresentado um panorama dos Salões e a gênese desse gênero novo por Denis Diderot, as questões levantadas por Charles Baudelaire em seus escritos sobre a arte e a influência de ambas as críticas para a construção do método de análise de Zola. A segunda parte do trabalho visa apresentar as questões levantadas pelo crítico no que diz respeito à escolha do júri que selecionava as obras, o momento artístico e sua teoria estética. A questão principal deste trabalho será discutida detalhadamente na terceira parte deste trabalho, em que o objetivo principal será identificar os procedimentos pictóricos impressionistas nas análises de Zola e os desdobramentos dessas técnicas na produção da sua crítica de arte. / Émile Zola is known for his novelist career, but his initiation happened as an art critic between the years 1860 and 1896, in which he attended renowned painters\' studios, cafés and the Salons. Starting from the analysis on newspapers articles, found in the compilation Writings on Art, this dissertation intends to show how Zolas relation with Impressionist painters made him use this movement\'s pictorial proceedings in order to analyze the pictures exposed in 1866 and 1880 Salons and create narratives from such descriptions. In the first part, an overview about these Salons shall be introduced, as well as this new genre\'s genesis by Denis Diderot, the matters discussed by Charles Baudelaire in his writings on art, and the weight of both these critical modes to Zola\'s own analysis method. The second part aims to introduce the issues he raised concerning the choosing of the jury responsible for selecting works, the artistic moment, and his aesthetic theory. This researchs main point shall be discussed minutely in the third part, whose main goal is to identify the Impressionists pictorial procedures in Zolas analysis and this techniques deployment in his making of critics on art.

El presente estudio es fruto de una reflexión y análisis acerca de la producción del escritor brasileño Autran Dourado teniendo en cuenta el diálogo que se establece con la obra del autor español Miguel de Cervantes, sumándose la preocupación por encontrar las correspondencias no solo temáticas sino también poéticas de estos dos autores. Se inicia con un breve recorrido histórico y literario, presente en la formación de ambos autores, con la perspectiva de delinear un rasgo común entre ellos, es decir, el de escritores críticos. A su vez, esta aproximación desencadena el estudio de lo que habría sido la biblioteca cervantina de Autran Dourado. Por otro lado, se llevó a cabo el levantamiento de la fortuna crítica del escritor brasileño tomando como foco, sobre todo, los trabajos académicos sobre su obra y teniendo en cuenta cuarenta años de incesante labor de producción. A partir de estos datos, se vuelve fundamental el análisis del diálogo intertextual establecido entre las obras de los dos autores, con la inquietud de destacar coincidencias temáticas y procedimientos similares en la construcción de personajes, como en el caso de la trilogía perteneciente a la saga familiar de los Honório Cota de Autran Dourado y Don Quijote de la Mancha de Miguel de Cervantes y, por otro lado, las inquietudes poéticas de ambos autores a partir de un estudio sobre sus respectivos procesos de reescritura. / This study is the result of a reflection and analysis about the production of the Brazilian writer Autran Dourado highlighting the dialogue that it establishes with the work of the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, searching not only for thematic but also for poetic correspondences between both writers. It starts with a brief historic and literary trajectory present in their works aiming at delineating a common characteristic shown by them, that of critic writers. This comparison leads to the study of Autran Dourado´s Cervantine library. On the other hand, a research on the criticism on Autran Dourado´s complete work was carried out, focusing mainly on the academic studies about his work taking into consideration his 40 year literary production. Regarding such data, the analysis of an intertextual dialogue established between the works by Dourado and Cervantes becomes fundamental, distinguishing the thematic coincidences and similar proceedings in the construction of their characters, as in the trilogy centered in the saga of Honório Cota´s family by Autran Dourado and Don Quijote de La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes, as well as the poetic anxiety of both authors starting from a study about their re-writing processes.

Esta tese efetua uma leitura comparada das obras Percursos (Do Luachimo ao Luena), publicada em 1981, pela portuguesa Wanda Ramos (1948 1998), e O Berro do Cordeiro em Nova York, escrita em 1995 pela mato-grossense Tereza Albues (1936 2004), focalizando a memória enquanto elemento estético literário organizador da narrativa, cuja gênese está ligada ao ato de recordar as experiências de vida pela personagem principal a partir das relações sociais, constituídas durante todo o percurso de sua existência e, de modo especial, no presente da narração. Ao tecer a própria história, o eu é sujeito e objeto da sua percepção e da abordagem discursiva. Ao rememorar e construir sua história de vida sempre à luz do ficcional, as protagonistas atribuem uma espécie de unidade ao eu textual que se distingue do eu da experiência, descontínuo e fragmentado pela infinitude da existência em oposição ao mundo finito, fixado através da linguagem escrita; pela vulnerabilidade do vivido, impossível de ser apreendido pelo sujeito na totalidade, e pela fragmentação do ser em constante mobilidade. A rememoração no ato criador das duas narrativas literárias mencionadas vem acompanhada do imaginário ficcional, capaz de preencher as lacunas provocadas pelo esquecimento e pela limitação da percepção e da apreensão do vivido pelas protagonistas. Por considerar o ato de lembrar intrinsecamente ligado às relações interpessoais, a memória como uma habilidade psicológica do ser humano, que depende dos signos para se fazer expressar e que os signos possuem significados constituídos socialmente, o suporte teórico desse trabalho é norteado pelos estudos de Halbwachs e de Bakhtin, acrescidos das abordagens de Walter Benjamin referentes à habilidade de narrar como uma das peculiaridades fundamentais do ser humano intimamente ligada ao processo mnemônico. Este estudo nos leva a entender que a formação das protagonistas revelada, construída e apresentada no final dos textos por meio do discurso metalingüístico está entrelaçada às próprias escrituras do eu, tendo como ápice desse processo a autonomia da obra de arte em relação a seu criador. / This paper aims at reading comparatively the works Percursos (Do Luachimo ao Luena) (1981) by Portuguese writer Wanda Ramos (1948-1998), and O Berro do Cordeiro em Nova York, (1995) written by Tereza Albues (1936-2004) and born in Mato Grosso - Brazil. It will be focused the memory while aesthetic literary organizer element of the narrative, whose genesis is linked to the act of remembering life experiences by the main character from social relations constituted during the whole course of his existence and, in a special way, in the present of narration. By writing the own history, the self is subject and object of his perception and discursive approach. In the exerecise of remembering and constructing their life history, always through the fictitious light, the leading characters of these works attribute a species of unity to the textual self that distinguishes itself from experience self, discontinued and fragmented by the existence infinitude in opposition to the finite world, fixed through written language; by voluntarity of the vivid, impossible of being carried off by the subject on its totality, and by the fragmentation of being in constant mobility. The remembrance at creative act of the two literary narratives mentioned above comes along with fictional imaginary, capable of filling the gaps provoked by forgetfulness and limitation of perception and the apprehension of the vivid by the leading characters. By considering the act of remembering intrinsically linked to the interpersonal relations, memory as a psychological skill of the human being, which depends on the signs to express itself and that the signs own meanings socially constituted, the theoretical support of this paper is based on the studies of Halbwachs and Bakhtin, added by the approaches of Walter Benjamin concerning the ability of narrating as one of the fundamental peculiarities of the human being closely linked to the mnemonics process. This study leads us to understand that the leading characters formation revealed, constructed and presented in the end of the texts by means of metalinguistical discourse is interlaced to the own writings of the self, having as the climax of this process the fine arts autonomy in relation to its creator.

George Heriot's, Travels Through The Canadas, Containing a Description of the Picturesque Scenery on some of the Rivers and Lakes; with an account of the Productions, Commerce, and Inhabitants of those Provinces to which is Subjoined a Comparative View of the Manners and Customs of Several of the Indian Nations of North and South America, was first published in London in 1805. Presenting the Canadas in a documentary and picturesque mode, Heriot's Travels since its publication has been valued as an important source of data and information. It has thus participated in and formed part of the received notions concerning Canada and its peoples in the 19th century. My thesis explores how Heriot's Travels constructs and represents Upper and Lower Canada and the diverse inhabitants of these regions. I argue that the text and its illustrations far from providing an objective description, in fact give form to contemporaneous perceptions and values and to aesthetic criteria that had colonialist implications. In particular the thesis examines how the visual material within the publication functions to reinforce or contradict the text's agenda. My contention is that Heriot's aims are much broader than those to which he admitted. For his readers the representation of Canada was tied to prospects of vast expansionist possibilities for British capital, technology, commodities and systems of knowledge. The unacknowledged aims of the book, as elaborated in my thesis were: to confirm the superiority of British rule in comparison to the earlier French administration in Canada; to define the British by a comparison to others, thus marking out existing inhabitants, specifically the French Canadians and First Nations peoples, as simple, indolent and inferior; to tame and commodity Canada through the use of the picturesque, thus ordering and civilizing the landscape for a British audience and would-be immigrants; and, finally, to reinforce Britain's economic claims in British North America. As in other travel writing of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Heriot employs in his representation of Canada the discursive languages of science, taxonomy, technology and ethnology. The picturesque descriptions in text and image work in conjunction with these and serve to demonstrate the role of art and aesthetics in maintaining an established order, and in asserting its classificatory regimes and exclusions. iii / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines the spiritual lives of eighteenth-century English women through an analysis of their personal writings. It explores the manuscripts of religious women who practised their faith by writing letters, diaries, poetry, and other highly personal texts—texts that give unique access to the interior, spiritual lives of their authors. Concerned not only with the individual meaning of those writings but with their communal meanings, it argues that women’s informal writing, written within personal relationships, acted to undergird, guide, and indeed shape religious communities in vital and unexplored ways. Through an exploration of various significant personal relationships, both intra- and inter-generationally, this thesis demonstrates the multiple ways in which women were active in ‘writing religious communities’. The women discussed here belonged to communities that habitually communicated through personal writing. At the same time, their acts of writing were creative acts, powerful to build and shape religious communities: these women wrote religious community. A series of interweaving case studies guide my analysis and discussion. The thesis focuses on Catherine Talbot (1721–70), Anne Steele (1717–78), and Ann Bolton (1743–1822), and on their literary interactions with friends and family. Considered together, these subjects and sources allow comparison across denomination, for Talbot was Anglican, Steele Baptist, and Bolton Methodist. After an introductory chapter, Chapter Two focuses on spiritual friendship, showing how women used personal writings within peer relationships to think through religious ideas and encourage faith commitments. Chapter Three considers older women as spiritual elders, arguing that elderly women sometimes achieved honoured status in religious communities and were turned to for spiritual direction. Chapter Four explores the ways in which women offered religious instruction to spiritual children through the creative use of informal writings, including diaries and poetry. And Chapter Five considers women’s personal writings as spiritual legacy, as they were preserved by family and friends and continued to function in religious communities after the death of their authors.

No description available.