<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka en komponents    optimala utbyts" tid med hänsyn till kostnad och risk,    och föreslå schemalagda underhåll, med hjälp av statistiska metoder.    Genom att använda statistiska verktyg och historiska data, kan    en komponents samt systemets brister predikteras. När    forskaren vet hur ett system beter sig, kan dess fördelar    exploateras och tas till vara på. Schemaläggning av    förebyggande service, kostnads prognoser samt    uppskattning av förlängda garantier är möjliga fördelar som    kan nyttjas av denna rapport. Detta medför en högre    tillgänglighet och förbättrat rykte hos kund.    Tillförlitligthet teori är en viktigt del av    Total Quality Management, TQM, som säkerhetsställer kvalité.    I denna uppsats jämförs, förklaras och verifieras 2 kända ARP,    och strategin att ersätta endast då komponenten går sönder i en fallstudie.    Denna uppsats indikerar att en ARP med ändlig horisont ger mer optimalta resultat än    en ARP med oändlig horisont eller då ingen utbytespolicy används.    Barlow \& Proschan visade detta redan 1962.    I denna uppsats påvisas att ARP-teorier kan minska omkostnader och stilleståndstid    samt öka tillgängligheten.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to examine when a part's optimal   replacement time occurs in terms of risk and cost, and provide maintenance plans   accordingly using statistical methods.   With the use of statistical tools and historical data,   the failures of components as well as the system can be predicted.   Once the researcher knows how the system behaves, he/she can reveal the gains that   can be made. Scheduling of preventive maintenance, improved warranty cost   forecasts and estimation of lengthened warranty costs are   plausible benefits from this report. This will further result   in higher availability and improved reputation among clients.   Reliability theory is an important part of Total Quality Management (TQM),   ensuring good quality.   This thesis will compare the differences between two known age replacement policies (ARP),   and with the strategy of replacing only on failures in a real case-study.   This thesis indicates that an ARP with finite horizon yields   a more optimal solution than an ARP with infinite horizon as well as using no replacement policy at all.   Barlow & Proschan established this as far back as 1962.   With the aid of ARP theories it has been shown in this thesis that lowering costs is possible   and in the progress lower downtime which increases availability.</p>

In light of the plight of the vast Peruvian regime, in this article, the constitutional grounds of the disciplinary regime and sanctioned procedure will be discussed; and if the current regulation of the civil service law consistent with these fundamentals and the extensive regime of Peruvian labor laws in the legislative development focusing on those powers granted to authorities specifically with regard to the disciplinary measures and disciplinary proceedings. / A la luz de la compleja situación del extenso régimen peruano, en el presente artículo se analizará el sustento constitucional del régimen disciplinario y procedimiento sancionador. Asimismo, se analizará si la actual regulación de la Ley de Servicio civil coincide con estos fundamentos y el extenso régimen de la normativa laboral peruana enfocándose, de esta manera, en el desarrollo legislativo sobre aquellas facultades otorgadas a las autoridades encargadas, específicamente, en lo referido al régimen disciplinario y procedimiento sancionador.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaFAP.pdf: 529103 bytes, checksum: 23d47be5484595d8128d725d89c8e411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-18 / The study undertakes the analysis of the constitutional warranty principle of the Absolute Priority of the children and adolescents fundamental rights concerning to the sense, reach, content, addressees and effectiveness. Then, we begin with the study of the Constitution, text where is inserted the principle on examination, opportunity on which it verifies the concept and conceptions of the Constitution, theories, functions, it normative power and the constitutional feeling. Soon after, the fundamental rights theory is analyzed, focusing your origin, importance, functions, protection, restrictions, duties, characteristics and effectiveness. Then, it is led in general to the place of the principles, moment that leans to their concept, evolution, functions, classification and characteristics. Finally, it is appreciated the principle of the Absolute Priority approaching to the meaning and reach, the normative force and importance, historical precedents, materialize rules, addressees and its normative power and enforcement / O estudo aqui compreende a an?lise do princ?pio de garantia constitucional da Prioridade Absoluta dos direitos fundamentais de crian?as e de adolescentes no que se refere ao seu sentido, alcance, conte?do, destinat?rios e efic?cia. Assim, inicia-se com o estudo da Constitui??o, texto no qual se encontra inserido o princ?pio em exame, oportunidade em que se verifica o conceito e concep??es da Constitui??o, teorias, fun??es, for?a normativa e sentimento constitucional. Em seguida, analisa-se a teoria dos direitos fundamentais, enfocando sua origem, fundamentabilidade, fun??es, prote??o, restri??es, deveres, caracter?sticas e efic?cia. Depois, envereda-se na seara dos princ?pios em geral, momento em que se debru?a sobre o conceito, evolu??o, fun??es, classifica??o e caracter?sticas. Finalmente, aprecia-se o princ?pio da Prioridade Absoluta, abordando o significado e alcance, a for?a normativa e fundamentabilidade, precedentes hist?ricos, regras concretizadoras, destinat?rios e for?a vinculativa e aplicabilidade

The objective of this thesis is cost analysis in XYZ CZ s.r.o. with aims of reducing warranty costs and improve product quality. The introduction describes fundamental quality management systems from which I have selected data to be analyzed and propose the most appropriate solution. Then I conducted AS-IS analyze of the company XYZ CZ s.r.o., a description of the current situation in the company and a cost analysis. The data obtained from the cost analysis I processed with the help of quality tools and their evaluation was carried out, which was followed by the design of the solution. In conclusion, I conducted a technical - economic evaluation of the results achieved.

This diploma thesis is engaged in a system design, which is created to be used for warranty claims data collection. The issue of the second part of this document is the implementation of the system and the description of the next analyse for warranty claims costs minimalisation.

In this dissertation I analyse the transformation of the South African law on the warranty against latent defects. I trace the development from pre-classical Roman law through to the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (“the CPA”). Society’s ever-changing economic requirements and moral ideals serve as the driving forces behind these continuous legal developments. Under Roman law the rules on latent defects initially applied to the sale of slaves. In contrast, modern South African law, as per the CPA and the values of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, specifically aims to protect the most vulnerable members of South Africa’s unequal society. The conservative approach adopted by the judiciary when adjudicating contractual matters hinders the transformation of the law of sale. Legal rules and legal thinking which reinforce traditional distributive patterns require reconsideration if societal-wide change, as demanded by the Constitution, can be imagined and accomplished. If the economic role of the contract and its power to divide and (re)distribute wealth is viewed as important, the link between poverty and the contract, and by association the consumer agreement, cannot be ignored. Contracts, and specifically basic consumer and credit agreements, are often concluded in order to facilitate survival in our current social reality. The law as it relates to consumer protection and the sale of defective goods is directly related to the contract’s role in wealth distribution. Where sales agreements are in question, the unequal bargaining power of the parties can impede the purchaser/consumer even further. The consumer’s right to good quality and safe goods creates uncertainty regarding whether or not the seller’s liability under the common law warranty against latent defects may be excluded in instances where the CPA and the common law apply simultaneously. This uncertainty, if addressed as being part of the national project of transformative constitutionalism, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the exclusion of the seller’s liability is, paradoxically, detrimental to the very subject that the CPA and Constitution aim to protect, namely the purchaser. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Private Law / LLM / Unrestricted

Warranty is a contract between a seller and a buyer. A warranty is also a signal for quality that can be utilized both by the seller and the customer. Even though the warranty is mainly something that is positive, a warranty also incurs risk to the warranty provider. The warranty cost can range from 2 - 15% of the net sales of a product which means that the warranty cost could potentially affect the company a lot. In order to handle such a risk, forecasting is a necessary tool. Forecasting is no exact science, and it’s impossible to forecast the exact future value due to uncertainty. Factors such as the quality of the product affect the cost of the claims, but unpredictable factors such as fraud, human factors and sales delay must also be considered. Forecasting error affects the warranty provider because the forecast sets the warranty reserve, which should cover the costs of the warranty claims. Overestimations and underestimations of the reserve have negative consequences for the company. The purpose of this study is to forecast a warranty reserve using a quantitative approach, in order to gain insight in to which model that could be best suited for complex products. The models that have been tested originate from causal and time-series methods, where the models tested consider different aspects of the data. The primary data used comes from archive data and to determine the forecast error, error measurements have been utilized. The time series method exponential smoothing Holt’s- Winter’s method was the one that performed best considering the error measurements. From the models tested, it has been shown that a more complex model does not necessarily mean a more accurate result. To be able to decrease the forecasting errors, a model considering unpredictable factors such as fraud could be the answer which makes it interesting to investigate. / Garanti är ett kontrakt mellan en säljare och en köpare. En garanti används ocks. för att signalera kvalitet vilket kan vara användbart för både säljaren och kunden. Även då garanti främst är något positivt innebär garanti ockå. en risk för den som erbjuder garantier då kostanden att erbjuda garanti kan sträcka sig mellan 2–15% av nettoresultatet av försäljningen va en produkt vilket betyder att garanti kan påverka företaget mycket. Man anv.nder sig av prognostiseringar för att kunna hantera den risken garantin bär med sig. Prognostisering är svårt och det är omöjligt att prognostisera det exakta framtida värdet på grund utav osäkerhet. Faktorer så som kvaliteten av produkten påverkar antalet och kostnaderna på garantianspr.ken men oförutsägbara faktorer så som bedrägeri, mänskliga beteenden och fördröjning av försäljning av produkter måste också tas i akt. Prognostiseringsfel på verkar den part som erbjuder garantin då prognosen används för att lägga undan monetära medel till garantireserven för att täcka garantianspråk. Underestimat och överestimat har negativa konsekvenser för företaget. Ändamålet med denna studie är att prognostisera garantireserven med hjälp av kvantitativa metoder för att få en inblick i vilka modeller som fungerar bra för en komplex produkt. Modeller som har testat kommer fr.n tidsserie metoder och kausala metoder, då de olika metoderna tar hänsyn till olika aspekter i data. Primärdata som används kommer från arkivdata och för att kunna bestämma felen på de prognoser som gjorts används fel mått. Tidsserie metoden exponential smoothing Holt’s-Winter’s var den som gav bäst resultat på fel måtten. Resultatet av modellerna som testats visar på att en mer komplex modell inte behöver vara den som ger bäst resultat. För att kunna minska på prognostiseringsfelen kan en modell som tar hänsyn till oförutsägbara faktorer så som bedrägeri vara lösningen vilket är en intressant sak att undersöka.

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Inom de flesta industrier är konkurrensen hård, byggindustrin är inget undantag. Ett sätt att stå sig stark på marknaden är att finna andra konkurrensmedel än de traditionella: pris och kvalitet. Detta examensarbete syftar att undersöka eftermarknadens betydelse för entreprenadbolag och fastighetsägare. Examensarbetet är skrivet tillsammans med byggentreprenören Zengun vars avsikt är att förbättra sin hantering av eftermarknaden. Med hjälp av Zenguns beställare har studien genomförts explorativt med fokus på relationen mellan entreprenören och fastighetsägaren under tiden efter ett byggprojekts färdigställande. Intervjuer har genomförts med representanter från Stockholms fyra större fastighetsägare och representanter från två byggentreprenörer. Studien tar avstamp i teorier om servicemarknadsföring, kund-leverantörsrelationer och organisationsteori för att på ett akademiskt sätt analyseras och diskuteras genom empiriska data.  Studien visar att eftermarknaden inom byggbranschen inte fungerar på ett tillfredställande och effektivt sätt. Det synsättet delas av representanter från både fastighetsägare och entreprenadbolag. Byggentreprenörer lägger ned lite tid och energi på eftermarknaden trots att det är eftermarknaden som utgör majoriteten av en byggnads livslängd. En anledning till det är svårigheterna för entreprenörer att se lönsamhet i investeringar på eftermarknaden. Eftermarknadsrelaterade arbeten uppfattas ske på bekostnad av produktionen av nya projekt, där produktionens framdrift prioriteras. För att lyckas på eftermarknaden är det viktigt att förstå vilka långsiktiga fördelar den kan ge. Med en separat organisation för eftermarknaden tar entreprenören bort intressekonflikten mellan produktion i projekt och eftermarknadsrelaterade arbeten. Den separata eftermarknadsorganisationen skapar förutsättningar för andra enheter hos entreprenadbolag att bli mer lönsamma. Dessutom uppstår en möjlighet att stärka relationen till fastighetsägaren och dess förvaltning vilket kan generera nya uppdrag. För att eftermarknadsorganisationen ska fungera krävs det att vissa faktorer, förutsättningar och risker tas i beaktande. Om hänsyn tas till detta och företag kan ändra sitt synsätt och organisation kring eftermarknaden kan den göras mer effektiv och värdeskapande för både byggentreprenadbolag och fastighetsägare. / In most industries, competition is hard, the construction industry is no exception. One way of standing strong in the market is finding other means of competition than the traditional: price and quality. This master thesis aims at investigating the importance of the aftermarket for contractors and property owners. The thesis is written together with the construction company Zengun, whose intention is to improve its management of the aftermarket. The study has been conducted exploratively with focus on the relationship between the contractor and the property owner in the time after completion of a building project. Interviews have been conducted with representatives from four of Stockholm's major commercial property owners and representatives from two construction companies. The thesis starts with theories of service marketing, relationship management theory and organizational theory which are subsequently analyzed and discussed. The study shows that the aftermarket in the construction industry does not work satisfactorily and efficiently. This view is shared by representatives from both property owners and construction companies. The contractor does not spend a lot of time and energy on the aftermarket, even though it is the aftermarket that constitutes the majority of a building's technical service life. One reason for this is the difficulty for the contractor to see the profitability in aftermarket investments. Aftermarket-related work take place at the expense of the production of new projects, where new production is prioritized. To succeed in the aftermarket, it is important to understand what long-term benefits it can provide. With a separate aftermarket organization, the contractor eliminates the conflict of interest between production in projects and aftermarket-related jobs. The separate aftermarket organization creates the conditions for other units of construction companies to become more profitable. In addition, there is an opportunity to strengthen the relationship with the property owner and its facility management unit which can generate new projects. In order for the aftermarket organization to work, it requires that certain factors, conditions and risks be taken into account. If this is considered and the contractor can change their approach and organization in the aftermarket, it can be made more effective and adding value for both construction companies and property owners.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Alexandre Gomes.pdf: 956469 bytes, checksum: 482e43f44da0c0f47c3fe7987c5c3397 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to propose and make people consider the experiences of families, participant professionals and users of orthopedic services. All these characters are part of the Association of Support for Children with Orthopedic Disabilities. The central thesis sought to learn the process of fighting for the right of access to treatment with botulinum toxin, which resulted in the implementation of the Reference Center of Botulinum Toxin in São José dos Campos. In this trajectory I have collected information through qualitative research and documentary. In this search I found singular and collective characters and their experiences and narratives, which allowed me to meet their daily realities and meanings attributed by each character, highlighting their political dimension that contributed to the process of guaranteeing the right for treatment experienced by each character. The narratives describe and reflect primarily the care that families have with their children and this generates a concern and commitment in the fight so that their children can enjoy a life trajectory that guarantees them autonomy, which must be experienced in everyday life. We will discuss the obstacles to this population caused by prejudices and difficulties to achieve the realization of basic social rights. We will also present the contribution of professional practice in connection with the characters, establishing a process of reflection of daily life and the construction of citizenship / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo propor e trazer para reflexão as experiências de famílias, profissionais partícipes e de um usuário do serviço de ortopedia. Todos estes sujeitos participantes da Associação de Apoio à Criança com Deficiência Ortopédica. O foco central da dissertação buscou conhecer o processo de luta pelo direito de acesso ao tratamento com a toxina botulínica, que resultou na implantação do Centro de Referência de Toxina Botulínica na cidade de São José dos Campos. Nessa trajetória coletei informações através de pesquisa qualitativa e documental. Nesta busca encontrei sujeito singular e coletivo, suas experiências e narrativas, o que me possibilitou conhecer suas realidades cotidianas, significados atribuídos pelos sujeitos, destacando sua dimensão política que contribuíram no processo de garantia do direito ao tratamento vivenciado pelos sujeitos. As narrativas descrevem e refletem primeiramente o cuidado que as famílias têm com seus filhos e este gerando uma preocupação e comprometimento na luta para que seus filhos possam usufruir de uma trajetória de vida que lhes garanta autonomia, a qual deve ser vivenciada no cotidiano da vida. Vamos discorrer sobre os entraves causados a essa população através de preconceitos e das dificuldades para se conseguir a efetivação de direitos sociais básicos. Também apresentaremos a contribuição da prática profissional na articulação com os sujeitos, estabelecendo um processo de reflexão da vida cotidiana e da construção da cidadania