Aujourd’hui, on parle du Web social. Facebook par exemple, porte bien la marque de son époque ; il est devenu le réseau social le plus convoité dans le monde. Toutefois, l’entreprise a été souvent critiquée en raison de sa politique qui porte atteinte à la vie privée des personnes. Par le truchement de ses modules sociaux, Facebook a le potentiel de collecter et d’utiliser des informations considérables sur les internautes à leur insu et sans leur consentement. Ce fait est malheureusement méconnu de la majorité d’entre eux. Certes, l’entreprise doit vivre économiquement et l’exploitation des renseignements personnels constitue pour elle une source de revenu. Toutefois, cette quête de subsistance ne doit pas se faire au détriment de la vie privée des gens. En dépit des outils juridiques dont le Canada dispose en matière de protection de la vie privée, des entreprises du Web à l’image de Facebook réussissent à les contourner. / Today we talk about the social Web. Facebook for example bears the mark of its time, as it becomes the most coveted social networking Web site in the world. However, the company has been criticized due to its policy that violates people's privacy. Through its social plugins, Facebook has the potential to collect considerable amounts of information about users without their knowledge and without their consent, a fact which is unknown to most of them. Certainly, the company must ensure its economic stability through these activities. However, this quest for subsistence should not be to the detriment of people's privacy. Canada has legal tools for the protection of privacy that allow users to deal with this kind of threat. However, Web companies such Facebook succeed to circumvent the law.

Quel est le régime juridique applicable à la qualification juridique du site internet ? Cette question a pour intérêt d'inviter à un voyage dans des arcanes juridiques trop peu visités par les auteurs. Cette thèse ravira donc autant l'universitaire que le juriste spécialisé. Son ambition est d’éclairer juridiquement sur les spécificités du statut juridique du site internet, en parcourant aussi bien l’ensemble des dispositions concernant la réalisation d’un site internet que son exploitation. Pour faciliter sa lecture, la thèse est divisée en deux parties. La première est dédiée à la réalisation de sites internet, avec principalement, d’une part les contrats : le contrat de conception de sites internet, le contrat d’hébergement, le contrat de référencement et le contrat de maintenance ainsi que l’encadrement juridique de chacun d’eux, et, d’autre part, les nombreuses formalités du site internet à respecter : dépôt légal, noms de domaine, mentions légales et déclarations CNIL, ainsi que l'étude de la relation site internet-droit d’auteur. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l’exploitation de sites internet, avec d’une part la communication en ligne et, d’autre part, la relation site internet-publicité, le commerce électronique et le fonds de commerce électronique. Cette thèse souligne avec pertinence qu'internet n'est pas simplement un outil universel, mais aussi une matière vivante, interrogeant le juriste, jour après jour, innovation après innovation, dans sa recherche de solutions toujours plus audacieuses répondant aux problématiques posées par la nature de l’évolution des sites internet. / What is the legal framework regulating the web site? The main purpose of this question is to invite the reader into the world of web sites and the surrounding legal regime. The doctoral law thesis aims to shed light on the specificities of the web site’s legal framework. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first part is dedicated to the legal provisions of web site development and the second part is dedicated to the provisions of web site processing. The first part of the thesis, dedicated to the development of web sites, studies the different types of contracts related to web sites including web site development and design contracts, hosting contracts, search engine optimization, and content management system contracts. In addition, it delves into the web site’s requirements: legal web site registration, domain name, legal information and the independent administrative authority protecting privacy and personal data (CNIL), and last but not least the relationship website-copyright. The second part of the thesis, dedicated to the management of web sites, studies online communication, e-commerce, the relationship web site-advertisement, and digital business assets. This doctoral thesis therefore emphasizes the fact that the Internet is not only a universal tool, but also a living matter that challenges the legal profession day after day, and innovation after innovation to encompass new solutions and new regulations as a response to the arising conflicts posed by the evolution of web sites.

Software as a service is an emerging but important aspect of the web. WebServices play a vital role in providing it. Web Services are commonly provided in one of two architectural styles: a "REpresentational State Transfer" (REST), or using the "Simple Object Access Protocol" (SOAP.) Originally most web content was text and small images. But more recent services involve complex data structures including text, images, audio, and video. The task of optimizing data to provide delivery of these structures is a complex one, involving both theoretical and practical aspects. In this thesis work, I have considered two architectures developed in the REST architectural style and tested them on mixes of data types (plain text, image, audio) being retrieved from a file system or database. The payload which carries the actual content of a data transmission process can either be in Extensible Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Both of these language notations are widely used. The two architectures used in this thesis work are titled as Scenario 1 and Scenario 2. Scenario 1 proposes two different cases for storing, retrieving and presenting the data via a REST web service. We investigate the question of what is the best way to provide different data types (image, audio) via REST Web Service. Payload size for JSON and XML are compared. Scenario 2 proposes an enhanced and optimized architecture which is derived from the pros of the first two cases in Scenario 1. The proposed architecture is best suited for retrieving and serving non-homogeneous data as a service in a homogenous environment. This thesis is composed of theoretical and practical parts. The theory part contains the design and principles of REST architecture. The practical part has a Web Service provider and consumer model developed in Java. The practical part is developed using the Spring MVC framework and Apache CXF, which provides an implementation using JAX-RS, the Java API for RESTful services. A glossary of acronyms used in this thesis appears in the appendix on page 101.

Aujourd’hui, on parle du Web social. Facebook par exemple, porte bien la marque de son époque ; il est devenu le réseau social le plus convoité dans le monde. Toutefois, l’entreprise a été souvent critiquée en raison de sa politique qui porte atteinte à la vie privée des personnes. Par le truchement de ses modules sociaux, Facebook a le potentiel de collecter et d’utiliser des informations considérables sur les internautes à leur insu et sans leur consentement. Ce fait est malheureusement méconnu de la majorité d’entre eux. Certes, l’entreprise doit vivre économiquement et l’exploitation des renseignements personnels constitue pour elle une source de revenu. Toutefois, cette quête de subsistance ne doit pas se faire au détriment de la vie privée des gens. En dépit des outils juridiques dont le Canada dispose en matière de protection de la vie privée, des entreprises du Web à l’image de Facebook réussissent à les contourner. / Today we talk about the social Web. Facebook for example bears the mark of its time, as it becomes the most coveted social networking Web site in the world. However, the company has been criticized due to its policy that violates people's privacy. Through its social plugins, Facebook has the potential to collect considerable amounts of information about users without their knowledge and without their consent, a fact which is unknown to most of them. Certainly, the company must ensure its economic stability through these activities. However, this quest for subsistence should not be to the detriment of people's privacy. Canada has legal tools for the protection of privacy that allow users to deal with this kind of threat. However, Web companies such Facebook succeed to circumvent the law.

This study develops and applies a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate dynamic Web platforms in order to determine a platform for teaching Web application development in tertiary institutions. The framework is specific, yet comprehensive and supported with theory and empirical experimental programming results. We first identify the concepts of Web application development and the constraints to be satisfied by a platform for teaching identified concepts. Then we establish various criteria that will enhance the teaching of the concepts. We also establish qualities and experiment that will ensure that a selected platform is easy to use, fast, portable and affordable. A spreadsheet tool is developed to apply the framework and enable users to customize the framework by varying the criteria's weights. The developed framework is tested by the evaluation of the suitability of Java Servlets, JSP, ASP and PHP with PHP emerging as a suitable platform. / Computing / M.Sc. (Information Systems)

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-09T14:12:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NOGUEIRA_Rodrigo_2017.pdf: 5427774 bytes, checksum: db8155583bf1bffe3ceb4c01bf26f66f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-09T14:14:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NOGUEIRA_Rodrigo_2017.pdf: 5427774 bytes, checksum: db8155583bf1bffe3ceb4c01bf26f66f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-09T14:14:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NOGUEIRA_Rodrigo_2017.pdf: 5427774 bytes, checksum: db8155583bf1bffe3ceb4c01bf26f66f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T14:14:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NOGUEIRA_Rodrigo_2017.pdf: 5427774 bytes, checksum: db8155583bf1bffe3ceb4c01bf26f66f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Data and text mining applications managing Web data have been the subject of recent research. In every case, data mining tasks need to work on clean, consistent, and integrated data for obtaining the best results. Thus, Data Warehouse environments are a valuable source of clean, integrated data for data mining applications. Data Warehouse technology has evolved to retrieve and process data from the Web. In particular, news websites are rich sources that can compose a linguistic corpus. By inserting corpus into a Data Warehousing environment, applications can take advantage of the flexibility that a multidimensional model and OLAP operations provide. Among the benefits are the navigation through the data, the selection of the part of the data considered relevant, data analysis at different levels of abstraction, and aggregation, disaggregation, rotation and filtering over any set of data. This paper presents Newsminer, a data warehouse environment, which provides a consistent and clean set of texts in the form of a multidimensional corpus for consumption by external applications and users. The proposal includes an architecture that integrates the gathering of news in real time, a semantic enrichment module as part of the ETL stage, which adds semantic properties to the data such as news category and POS-tagging annotation and the access to data cubes for consumption by applications and users. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment selects the best news classifier for the semantic enrichment module. The statistical analysis of the results indicated that the Perceptron classifier achieved the best results of F-measure, with a good result of computational time. The second experiment collected data to evaluate real-time news preprocessing. For the data set collected, the results indicated that it is possible to achieve online processing time. / As aplicações de mineração de dados e textos oriundos da Internet têm sido alvo de recentes pesquisas. E, em todos os casos, as tarefas de mineração de dados necessitam trabalhar sobre dados limpos, consistentes e integrados para obter os melhores resultados. Sendo assim, ambientes de Data Warehouse são uma valiosa fonte de dados limpos e integrados para as aplicações de mineração. A tecnologia de Data Warehouse tem evoluído no sentido de recuperar e tratar dados provenientes da Web. Em particular, os sites de notícias são fontes ricas em textos, que podem compor um corpus linguístico. Inserindo o corpus em um ambiente de Data Warehouse, as aplicações poderão tirar proveito da flexibilidade que um modelo multidimensional e as operações OLAP fornecem. Dentre as vantagens estão a navegação pelos dados, a seleção da parte dos dados considerados relevantes, a análise dos dados em diferentes níveis de abstração, e a agregação, desagregação, rotação e filtragem sobre qualquer conjunto de dados. Este trabalho apresenta o ambiente de Data Warehouse Newsminer, que fornece um conjunto de textos consistente e limpo, na forma de um corpus multidimensional para consumo por aplicações externas e usuários. A proposta inclui uma arquitetura que integra a coleta textos de notícias em tempo próximo do tempo real, um módulo de enriquecimento semântico como parte da etapa de ETL, que acrescenta propriedades semânticas aos dados coletados tais como a categoria da notícia e a anotação POS-tagging, e a disponibilização de cubos de dados para consumo por aplicações e usuários. Foram executados dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento é relacionado à escolha do melhor classificador de categorias das notícias do módulo de enriquecimento semântico. A análise estatística dos resultados indicou que o classificador Perceptron atingiu os melhores resultados de F-medida, com resultado bom de tempo de processamento. O segundo experimento coletou dados para avaliar o pré-processamento de notícias em tempo real. Para o conjunto de dados coletados, os resultados indicaram que é possível atingir tempo de processamento online. / OB800972

Com a ampla utilização da web nos dias atuais e também com o seu crescimento constante, a tarefa de classificação automática de sítios web têm adquirido importância crescente, pois em diversas ocasiões é necessário bloquear o acesso a sítios específicos, como por exemplo no caso do acesso a sítios de conteúdo adulto em escolas elementares e secundárias. Na literatura diferentes trabalhos têm surgido propondo novos métodos de classificação de sítios, com o objetivo de aumentar o índice de páginas corretamente categorizadas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir com os métodos atuais de classificação através de comparações de quatro aspectos envolvidos no processo de classificação: algoritmos de classificação, dimensionalidade (número de atributos considerados), métricas de avaliação de atributos e seleção de atributos textuais e estruturais presentes nas páginas web. Utiliza-se o modelo vetorial para o tratamento de textos e uma abordagem de aprendizagem de máquina clássica considerando a tarefa de classificação. Diversas métricas são utilizadas para fazer a seleção dos termos mais relevantes, e algoritmos de classificação de diferentes paradigmas são comparados: probabilista (Naıve Bayes), árvores de decisão (C4.5), aprendizado baseado em instâncias (KNN - K vizinhos mais próximos) e Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte (SVM). Os experimentos foram realizados em um conjunto de dados contendo sítios de dois idiomas, Português e Inglês. Os resultados demonstram que é possível obter um classificador com bons índices de acerto utilizando apenas as informações do texto ˆancora dos hyperlinks. Nos experimentos o classificador baseado nessas informações atingiu uma Medida-F de 99.59%. / With the wide use of the web nowadays, also with its constant growth, task of automatic classification of websites has gained increasing importance. In many occasions it is necessary to block access to specific sites, such as in the case of access to adult content sites in elementary and secondary schools. In the literature different studies has appeared proposing new methods for classification of sites, with the goal of increasing the rate of pages correctly categorized. This work aims to contribute to the current methods of classification by comparing four aspects involved in the classification process: classification algorithms, dimensionality (amount of selected attributes), attributes evaluation metrics and selection of textual and structural attributes present in webpages. We use the vector model to treat text and an machine learning classical approach according to the classification task. Several metrics are used to make the selection of the most relevant terms, and classification algorithms from different paradigms are compared: probabilistic (Na¨ıve Bayes), decision tree (C4.5), instance-based learning (KNN - K-Nearest Neighbor) and support vector machine (SVM). The experiments were performed on a dataset containing two languages, English and Portuguese. The results show that it is possible to obtain a classifier with good success indexes using only the information from the anchor text in hyperlinks, in the experiments the classifier based on this information achieved 99.59% F-measure.

Acompanha: Vida longa aos jogos tradicionais: o site; Vida longa aos jogos tradicionais: sistematização de conteúdo para Ensino Fundamental I / Nos estudos a respeito dos Jogos Tradicionais como patrimônios culturais da humanidade, é preciso reconhecer que a permanência deles na sociedade é favorecida também pelos sentidos e interpretações que as próprias crianças, coletivamente, atribuem durante suas vivências. Em decorrência da necessidade de estudos que valorize o papel promovido pelas crianças na manutenção dos jogos tradicionais na sociedade contemporânea, surgiu o problema dessa investigação: quais os sentidos atribuídos pelas crianças aos jogos tradicionais atualmente, considerando a forma como interpretam tais manifestações e as trocas simbólicas efetivadas entre elas?. O estudo teve como objetivo geral a identificação dos sentidos atribuídos pelas crianças aos jogos tradicionais ensinados em aulas de Educação Física para uma turma de quinto ano do ensino fundamental, em 2016, na cidade de Cambé-PR. Tratou-se de uma investigação com predomínio na abordagem qualitativa, em que se correlacionaram características de três tipologias de pesquisa, a descritiva, estudo de caso e etnográfica. O principal instrumento de coleta das informações foi à observação participante promovida pelo investigador (próprio professor da turma), aliada com outros três instrumentos: diário de campo, imagens e produções estudantis. Pela análise das relações, interpretações e trocas simbólicas efetivadas entre os participantes do estudo, identificaram-se dois sentidos atribuídos aos jogos tradicionais: competição e exploração. A identificação desses sentidos revelou certa visão de mundo das crianças sobre tais manifestações. Assim, não é possível olhar para a preservação cultural dos jogos tradicionais apenas com os “louros do passado”, especificamente em situação de ensino nas aulas de Educação Física. Por conseguinte, nos processos educativos futuros, é imprescindível a valorização das crianças, reconhecendo-as como atores sociais que interferem no modo como os jogos tradicionais serão aprendidos e mantidos. / In the studies about the Traditional Games as cultural heritages of humanity, it is necessary to recognize that their permanence in society is also favored by the senses and interpretations that the children themselves collectively attribute during their experiences. As a result of the need for studies that value the role played by children in the maintenance of traditional games in contemporary society, the problem of this research has arisen: what are the meanings attributed by children to traditional games today, considering the way they interpret such manifestations and symbolic exchanges between them?. The purpose of this study was to identify the meanings attributed by children to the traditional games taught in Physical Education classes for a fifth grade class in 2016 in the city of Cambé-PR. It was an investigation with predominance in the qualitative approach, in which the characteristics of three typologies of research, descriptive, case study and ethnographic were correlated. The main instrument for collecting information was the participant observation promoted by the researcher (the class teacher himself), allied with three other instruments: field diary, images and student productions. Through the analysis of the relationships, interpretations and symbolic exchanges between the study participants, two meanings attributed to traditional games were identified: competition and exploration. The identification of these meanings revealed a certain world view of children about such manifestations. Thus, it is not possible to look at the cultural preservation of traditional games only with the "laurels of the past", specifically in teaching situations in Physical Education classes. Therefore, in future educational processes, it is essential to value children, recognizing them as social actors that interfere in the way traditional games will be learned and maintained.

Com a ampla utilização da web nos dias atuais e também com o seu crescimento constante, a tarefa de classificação automática de sítios web têm adquirido importância crescente, pois em diversas ocasiões é necessário bloquear o acesso a sítios específicos, como por exemplo no caso do acesso a sítios de conteúdo adulto em escolas elementares e secundárias. Na literatura diferentes trabalhos têm surgido propondo novos métodos de classificação de sítios, com o objetivo de aumentar o índice de páginas corretamente categorizadas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir com os métodos atuais de classificação através de comparações de quatro aspectos envolvidos no processo de classificação: algoritmos de classificação, dimensionalidade (número de atributos considerados), métricas de avaliação de atributos e seleção de atributos textuais e estruturais presentes nas páginas web. Utiliza-se o modelo vetorial para o tratamento de textos e uma abordagem de aprendizagem de máquina clássica considerando a tarefa de classificação. Diversas métricas são utilizadas para fazer a seleção dos termos mais relevantes, e algoritmos de classificação de diferentes paradigmas são comparados: probabilista (Naıve Bayes), árvores de decisão (C4.5), aprendizado baseado em instâncias (KNN - K vizinhos mais próximos) e Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte (SVM). Os experimentos foram realizados em um conjunto de dados contendo sítios de dois idiomas, Português e Inglês. Os resultados demonstram que é possível obter um classificador com bons índices de acerto utilizando apenas as informações do texto ˆancora dos hyperlinks. Nos experimentos o classificador baseado nessas informações atingiu uma Medida-F de 99.59%. / With the wide use of the web nowadays, also with its constant growth, task of automatic classification of websites has gained increasing importance. In many occasions it is necessary to block access to specific sites, such as in the case of access to adult content sites in elementary and secondary schools. In the literature different studies has appeared proposing new methods for classification of sites, with the goal of increasing the rate of pages correctly categorized. This work aims to contribute to the current methods of classification by comparing four aspects involved in the classification process: classification algorithms, dimensionality (amount of selected attributes), attributes evaluation metrics and selection of textual and structural attributes present in webpages. We use the vector model to treat text and an machine learning classical approach according to the classification task. Several metrics are used to make the selection of the most relevant terms, and classification algorithms from different paradigms are compared: probabilistic (Na¨ıve Bayes), decision tree (C4.5), instance-based learning (KNN - K-Nearest Neighbor) and support vector machine (SVM). The experiments were performed on a dataset containing two languages, English and Portuguese. The results show that it is possible to obtain a classifier with good success indexes using only the information from the anchor text in hyperlinks, in the experiments the classifier based on this information achieved 99.59% F-measure.

Orientador: Ademir Jose Petenate / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pagliuso_PriscilladeBarrosBasso_M.pdf: 977669 bytes, checksum: 2b308bdd494e07f6bd69f24520908463 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento de um método para avaliação de características de usabilidade de interface web através de um checklist definido e desenvolvido neste trabalho. São propostos estudos, planejamento, construção, aplicação e evolução do checklist. Um estudo de caso relata o emprego do método aqui proposto, baseado nos critérios para desenvolvimento de interface Web descritos por Jacob Nielsen e em quesitos para a ergonomia de software da norma ISO 9241, para a avaliação da usabilidade de interface web. O estudo de caso é composto pela preparação do material a ser avaliado e pelo checklist, apresentando os formulários a serem preenchidos com os dados obtidos durante o processo de avaliação, o treinamento dos avaliadores e finalmente discute os resultados obtidos pelos avaliadores em um site escolhido como estudo de caso. Com os resultados obtidos durante o processo de avaliação, busca-se sugerir melhorias aos desenvolvedores de interface web a fim de que estas interfaces disponibilizadas na rede possuam o máximo de qualidade, fazendo com que usuários se sintam atraídos a navegar pela rede e pelos sites e que retomem por ter encontrado a informação ou o serviço procurado. Tudo de forma rápida e fácil pois intenautas tem sempre pouco tempo a dispor e buscam qualidade, facilidade e rapidez nas informações. O diferencial deste método é a possibilidade de trabalho em duas (02) fases dentro do ciclo de vida de um projeto web, na fase de elaboração e desenvolvimento ou então na fase de avaliação de interfaces já concluídas ou em fase de conclusão / Abstract: In this work we describe the development of a detailed method to evaluate aspects of web interface usability using a well defined checklist. Complete procedures how to plan, construct and apply the proposed checklist is presented. To illustrate, we employed the developed methods to an example case, describing how to perform web interface usability evaluation according to the rules of web interface development by Jacob Nielsen and following the requirements of software ergonomy by norm ISO 9241. This case study inc1udes the preparation of the material to be evaluated, the elaboration of the checklist itself, instructions concerning how to fill the forms with the information collected during the evaluation process, procedures for evaluators training and finally, a complete worksheet with the results. These results obtained by the evaluation process can guide to the web designers to correct errors and make significant improvements in order to achieve the maximum usability quality in their web pages. As such, web user will be pleased surfing on web, browsing sites which can provide them the service they are looking for in the easiest and fastest possible way. Web users usually do not have much time to search for the service anel/or information they need, therefore they will came back more frequently 1"0sites that can provide what they want with maximum quality in the shortest time. We argue that our web interface usability evaluation method can help the web designers to reach this level / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica