In Canada, almost everybody is familiar with stereotypes about ‘Native social dysfunction’. Canada’s present-day “Imaginary Indian” (Francis) is indeed associated with substance and welfare dependence as well as family violence and neglect. However, the mainstream tends not to wonder about the actual social suffering behind the image and about the causes of these supposed patterns. In Daughters Are Forever, the Sto:lo / Squamish writer and activist Lee Maracle deconstructs these racist clichés by emphasizing the impact of the colonial process on real-life Native populations. Through a Sto:lo social worker’s attempts to understand how colonial policies have affected Aboriginal motherhood, Maracle demonstrates the roots of Indigenous social ills in collective traumas inflicted over several centuries and transmitted intergenerationally. The conclusion of the protagonist, Marilyn, that “[c]olonization is such a personal process” (216) summarizes the ways in which collective trauma and cultural genocide largely condition individual traumas and grief. Her parallel journeys to help an Anishnaabe woman patient, prevent the abductions of Native Canadian children by mainstream welfare services, and mend her own toxic relationship with her daughters further demonstrate the interrelatedness of Indian policy, patriarchal institutions, and personal and familial spiritual illnesses. They also enable Maracle to show the dangerous ethnocentrism of mainstream psychology and the need to create cross-cultural methodologies and therapies appropriate to the diverse Native North American cultures. By depicting the “unresolved human dilemmas” (Preface 11) of Aboriginal characters, she strives to create social change by drawing her readers into her stories to shock them into awareness. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stephanie Regina Wautier Schaeffer Batista.pdf: 575246 bytes, checksum: ca85bc9378a2ab4eed945d9a126b8512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-31 / This paper focuses user participation in the social control of the Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Integrated Social Welfare System SUAS) aiming to reflect on the limitations and possibilities of this practice to care for the population. The choice of topic for a Master s thesis is justified by the complex context of social welfare policies in Brazil, the recent SUAS creation (2005) and its emphasis on the social control of the user, and the limited scientific research aimed specifically at Social Welfare Program users. The central issue on which this study is based is: How does the user perceive and control the services offered by SUAS in counties with full program management in the state of Rio Grande do Sul? The scientific investigation performed followed a qualitative approach within a dialectical-critical focus and seeks support in Antônio Gramsci s theoretical concepts to look into subordinate classes. From a systematization and analysis of the answers given by SUAS users, two tendencies of social control that act simultaneously and are followed by the surveyed subjects are pointed out. On one hand, there is the dominant hegemony strengthening, which tends to a depoliticized control that ultimately reduces the demand for social welfare service benefits; on the other hand, there is the faint appearance of a counter-hegemony which resists an authoritarian control. Therefore, despite the fact that the user is still to be found at a disadvantage in relation to SUAS management, there are elements that favor a greater participation in the spaces to be occupied and decisive processes, signaling towards democratic emancipation possibilities. / O presente trabalho versa sobre a participação dos usuários no exercício de controle social do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), procurando refletir os limites e as possibilidades desta prática nessa população. Considerando o complexo quadro contextual com o qual convivem as políticas de proteção social no Brasil; acompanhando a recente implantação do SUAS (2005) e sua ênfase ao controle social do usuário; levando em conta a reduzida produção científica voltada especificamente para os usuários da Assistência Social, justifica-se a escolha deste tema para a Dissertação de Mestrado. A questão central norteadora do estudo é a seguinte: Como o usuário percebe e controla os serviços oferecidos pelo SUAS em municípios de gestão plena do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS)? A investigação científica realizada privilegia uma abordagem qualitativa dentro de um enfoque dialético-crítico, usando o aporte teórico de Antônio Gramsci para lançar um olhar aguçado em direção às classes subalternas. A partir da sistematização e da análise de respostas fornecidas pelos usuários do SUAS, são apontadas duas tendências de controle social em movimento simultâneo, exercidas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa: o fortalecimento da hegemonia dominante pendendo para um controle despolitizado, reduzido à cobrança de benefícios nos serviços de proteção social; a construção tímida de uma contra-hegemonia apontando resistências à dominação de uma cultura autoritária. Portanto, embora o usuário permaneça em posição de desvantagem na gestão do SUAS, já existem elementos favorecedores de maior inserção nos espaços e processos decisórios, indicando possibilidades de emancipação democrática

Les structures de l’Economie sociale et solidaire ont développé des relations professionnelles au fil de l’histoire sociale, de l’évolution des différentes formes de regroupements, et adaptées au cours des cycles économiques. Ces relations se sont transformées afin de satisfaire différents besoins et de couvrir différents risques. L’Abbé Pierre, fondateur du Mouvement Emmaüs a créé une structure permettant la protection sociale et l’emploi des populations exclues. Cette structure s’inspire d’anciennes formes de structures solidaires, les communautés ; et d’anciennes pratiques économiques, celles des chiffonniers. Les Communautés pratiquent une politique de "flexicurité" au niveau des conditions de travail. En effet, elles emploient des salariés, des bénévoles, mais aussi un troisième acteur : le Compagnon. Celui-ci est à la fois bénéficiaire d’une aide solidaire, et travailleur dans la structure qui lui fournit cette aide. Les Communautés sont des structures productives et solidaires, soumises à des obligations de rentabilité économique et de protection sociale. La comparaison entre la France, l’Espagne et le Royaume-Uni permet de voir l’évolution des relations de travail dans ces structures, selon des contextes économiques différents. La rationalité des communautés évolue selon leurs positions au coeur des différents marchés. Plus une Communauté s’éloigne de l’idéologie solidaire du mouvement, plus elle adopte des principes marchands. Cette flexibilité détermine la trajectoire professionnelle des Compagnons et les régimes communautaires de protection solidaire, créées par Emmaüs. / The Third Sector Structures have developed a form of Industrial Relations, linked to the Social Movement History; based on the evolution of different Cooperative groups; and adapted over the business cycle. This Relation System improves the well-being of individuals and Groups, it has evolved to suit social needs and to cover various risks. Abbé Pierre, founder of the Emmaus Movement has created a Structure providing supportive environment, social benefits and work for homeless people. This structure is similar to old forms of Charity and Cooperative structure, "Communities". It deals with old economic activities, those of "Ragpickers". Emmaüs Communities practice "Flexicurity" working policies. Indeed, they have staffs, volunteers, but also a third type of worker: the Companion. The Companion is both Social beneficiary and Worker in the structure that provides him Social benefits. Communities are both supportive and productive structures, dealing with Industrial and Welfare requirements. The comparison between France, Spain and the UK shows the evolution of Industrial Relations into the Communities, within different economical contexts. The Community’ Strategy evolves according to their positions on the Market. "The far, a Community is from Emmaus Movement’s Ideology, the more it adopts market principles". This flexibility determines the Career path of Companions. It conditions the Communities Welfare and Solidarity System.

Avhandlingen är en nutidsanalys av delar av den svenska välfärden. Samverkan mellan myndigheter och organisering av socialt arbete i frivilliga organisationer är två samtida tendenser i det svenska välfärdssystemet. Båda studierna fokuserar på arbetslivsinriktad rehabiliteringför personer utanför arbetsmarknaden en längre tid. Den första studien beskriver samverkan mellan olika offentliga myn-digheter i form av ett samverkansteam (ReSamprojektet), medan den andra studien beskriver och analyserar en delvis brukarstyrd form för arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering, den så kallade klubbhus-modellen (Fontänhusrörelsen).Den första studien var en processinriktad utvärdering med olika me-toder för datainsamling som intervjuer, fokuserade gruppdiskussioner, samt dagboksanteckningar. Den andra studien gjordes utifrån en deltagarbaserad forskningstradition där författaren arbetade med en forskarcirkel bestående av medlemmar från klubbhuset. Syftet var att närma sig rehabiliterings-processen på ett så utforskande sätt som möjligt. Data samlades in som detaljerade anteckningar, officiellt material och inspelade intervjuer.Resultat från den första studien visar att det var möjligt att samarbeta över myndigheternas gränser men att det fanns hinder som handlade om kulturella och organisatoriska skillnader mellan myndigheterna, olikheter när det gäller engagemang och begränsa-de resurser för att kunna möta klienternas komplexa behov. Samtidigt var en viktig lärdom att ju mer kunskap handläggarna hade om varandra och sina respektive organisationer destolättare blev samar-betet. Resultat från den andra studien visar att genom det dagliga arbetet formas, fördjupas och åter-upptas relationer och den stödjande omgivningen. Förstärkande mekanismer var en uttalad ideologi, en tydlig struktur för möten, återkommande arbetsgrupper ochcertifiering. Det var också viktigt att arbetsuppgifterna betraktades som nödvändiga och att de gjorde en skillnad om de utfördes. Å andra sidan beskrevs rörelsen som begränsande för vissa medlemmar.I diskussionen används tillit somett begrepp som spänner över individ-, grupp-och samhällsnivå. Tillit blir ett sammanbindande begrepp mellan de båda studierna och visade sig vara den viktigaste komponenten för att etablera hållbara relationer på gruppnivå. Slutligen följer en mera framåtblickande diskussion som handlar om hur utanförskap kan bemötas genom samverkansaktiviteter respektive frivillig organisering och vilken roll verksamheterna kan få i välfärdssystemet / The thesis is a contemporary analysis of parts of the Swedish welfare system. Co-operation between agencieswithin the welfare system and provision of welfare services by organizations within the voluntary sector are two contemporary tendencies. Both studies are focusing on the rehabilitation process for individuals who have been excluded from the labour market for a longer time period. The first study describes and analyzes co-operation in a three year project as a strategy for provision of complex welfare services (the ReSam project). The second study describes and analyzes the club house model of rehabilitation (the Fountain House movement).The first study is based on a process evaluation, where different kinds of data were collected through interviews, focus groups and diaries. These data were subsequently analyzed with qualitative methods. The second study isparticipant oriented, which means that a group of members conducted the study in co-operation with the re-searcher. The study isexplorative and research data were collected in a variety of ways including detailed notes, taped interviews and cognitive maps.The results of the first study show that it was possible to co-operate across the organizational boundaries of the different agencies involved, but there were obstacles related to organizational and cultural differences between the agencies, divided loyalties of the officials involved, and limited resources available to deal with the complex needs of the clients. The most important factor was that the officials learnt more about each other and the agencies involved. The result of the second study reveals that daily work tasks forms, deepens and reinvents both relationships as well as the supportive environment. Supportive mechanisms were an explicit ideology, plain structure of the meetings, frequent held working groups and thecertification process. Furthermore, it was important that the taskswere considered as necessaryand made a dif-ference. On the other hand, the members described the clubhouse environment as restricting for some. In the discussion, trust is used as a concept which spans over individual, interpersonal and organizational levels and becomes a useful tool as a theoretical concept binding the two studies to-gether. Trust was revealed as the most important ingredient as it comes to establishing sustainable relationships on a group level. Finally, some possible future scenarios are drawn up and discussed concerning the roles and relations between the welfare system and contemporary new forms of orga-nizing welfare services.

The target of this diploma thesis is to analyze the situation of Czech mother on the labour market. The theoretical part will be created from the accessible literary resources and public databases. By providing databases made into tables and charts of the most problematical influences which affect the situation of a woman on the Czech labour market. The practical part presents methodology of the diploma thesis. Then the typology of family policy in the chosen European countries is tested by means of cluster analysis. This section represents very important research part because the national family policy acts upon womans possibilities how to bring family and career into balance after finishing maternity and parental leave. Subsequently the questionairre Woman in the situation of mother on the labour market is spread into all regions of the Czech Republic and afterwards evaluated. On top of that that five hypothesis with different factors as a womans current income, education level and number of her children will be tested to deepen the issue of women chance on the Czech labour market.

This study explored the separation of twins in foster care and examined how their lived experiences relate to their interpersonal relationships as adults. Many researchers have studied the long-term impact of nontwin sibling separation in foster care, but little is known about the separation of twins, leaving a significant gap in existing literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences twins who were separated in foster care as relates to their interpersonal relationships during adulthood. A qualitative, narrative approach was used to gather the lived experiences of one set of twins. The research questions examined how one specific set of adult fraternal twin sisters interpreted their personal experiences of being separated from each other while in foster care and whether this experience had an impact on their interpersonal relationships. The study relied on the theoretical foundations of attachment theory and family systems theory to support the use of existing literature and to integrate the research findings into current child welfare practice. Through personal interviews, each twin was asked to recall experiences from foster care and comment on the impact of being separated from their twin. Thematic analysis of the interview data and observations of the interview process helped to identify four themes: forming successful attachments, mental health issues, trauma history, and number and type of placements experienced. To encourage social change these results can inform the child welfare system, add to the body of existing research, and influence future placement decisions regarding twins in foster care.

This diploma thesis considers a model of flexicurity, which currently represents a key strategy of European employment policy. "The Danish miracle", as it is sometimes called, combines two at first sight contradictory trends - the high flexibility of the labor market and adequate security for workers. However, application of the model to the European labor markets seems to be problematic for several reasons. Several potential barriers to the effective implementation of flexicurity are being discussed in the paper. The most serious seems to be the insufficient and ambiguous definition of the model. This means that different actors understand the nature of the model differently and accept it with different expectations. Flexicurity also ignores the heterogeneity of each labor market. The argument that flexicurity represents a win-win situation for all citizens seems untrustworthy and unrealistic. The paper further argues that the model is connected with the place of origin because of the importance of informal institutions such as advanced social dialogue and public-spiritedness. Finally, it is necessary to take into consideration the enormous financial demands of the model due to the emphasis on a generous social system.

現在，社会保障制度の再検討が国民の強い関心を集めている。本論文の目的は，我が国の社会保障制度の基盤を支えてきた，家族・市場(仕事)・政府のうち，家族・市場(仕事)の共同体としての機能がどの様に失われているかについて論じるべく，2006年から蓄積されたデータを用いて計量経済学的な実証分析を行ったものである。 / The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of inequality, focusing on the process of family by annalysing micro panel data and crosssectional data since 2006. Family, companies and government used to ensure the livelihoods of all citizens. In addition to the change of demographic structure, the rise in unmarried and divorce rate as well as the common-law marriage changed the family system which traditionally ensured our livelihoods. / 博士(経済学) / Doctor of Economics / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

No description available.

This thesis examines welfare provision in rural Oxfordshire after the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act. The county had little industrial development, remained largely agricultural in nature, and the region had been perceived as a backwater of friendly society development. This thesis rectifies that view and places Oxfordshire as an important component of the movement with its independent nature and early rejection of affiliated order branches that emanated from urbanized and industrialized areas. There is no evidence of impetus given to friendly society formation after the implementation of the new poor law with the general increase in societies continuing. However, the relationship with poor law administration changed. A case study of Stonesfield demonstrates how the friendly society became the heart of village life and was integral to self help and support for the poor. A wider view is taken of welfare provision, with detailed assessment of a range of welfare instruments, such as coal and clothing clubs, soup kitchens, and medical clubs, together with an appraisal of their geographical spread. The range of welfare instruments available is compared to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need, a model of human motivation. The case study of Whitchurch provides an in-depth assessment of one parish welfare system where after 1834 at least nine stands of welfare were available at all times to the poor who held a degree of selection in what was an increasingly a consumer market. The thesis is underpinned throughout by the use of extensive primary source material.