Esta dissertação aborda a problemática relacionada às atividades laborais de pessoas portadoras de deficiência (PPD) mental moderada e leve treinável, que trabalham em centros abrigados (CAZON e COOPA) em Porto Alegre (RS). Com base nos protocolos Maeces e ESAP , foi desenvolvido um protocolo para mapeamento/avaliação das habilidades das PPDs, que mostrou que habilidades como atenção, destreza manual, imaginação e trabalho em grupo são subutilizadas atualmente e devem ser maximizadas em um novo sistema de trabalho. O levantamento também mostrou que a demanda, tanto das PPDs quanto de pais e professores, é por mais atividades, sem descontinuidade, já que a atividade laboral é importante, principalmente, para o equilíbrio emocional da população amostrada. / This study evaluated the level of difficulty of the activities carried out by people with medium level mental disabilities, who work at two protected centers (CAZON and COOPA) at Porto Alegre/RS. Work abilities were mapped with a protocol based on Maeces and ESAP protocols. The results showed that abilities such as attention, manual dexterity, imagination and work in group are sub used, and therefore should be engaged in a new work system. People with mental disabilities, their parents, relatives and professionals acting at the centers consider that the work system should also involve more continuous activities, because work is very important for the quality of life of this specific population.

As patologias do ombro representam o primeiro lugar de afastamento por doenças do trabalho e os professores estão incluídos entre os profissionais que apresentam sobrecarga nesta articulação pelas posturas que realizam. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar prevalências de queixas músculoesqueléticas nestes profissionais e delimitar uma zona de conforto de escrita na lousa. A avaliação das queixas foi realizada por meio de do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares e Mapa de Desconforto Postural em 82 professores do ensino básico, fundamental e médio. A zona de conforto foi avaliada por meio de estudo psicofísico utilizando as Escalas Visual Analógica e de Borg. Os resultados mostraram que coluna, pernas e ombro direito apresentaram maiores índices de queixas e que a faixa entre 20 cm acima e 30 cm abaixo do nível do ombro não apresentam desconforto nesta atividade. Concluiu-se que professores podem apresentar sobrecarga postural dependendo das alturas em que utilizam a lousa para escrever / The pathologies of the shoulder represent the first removal by occupational diseases and teachers are included among professionals who have this joint overhead by performing postures. The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in these professionals and delimit a comfort zone of writing on the blackboard. A review of the complaints was performed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Map Postural Discomfort in 82 elementary school teachers, and high school. The comfort zone was evaluated by psychophysical study using the Visual Analogue Scales and Borg. The results showed that column, legs and right shoulder had higher rates of complaints and that the range between 20 cm above and 30 cm below the level of the shoulder discomfort not have this activity. It was concluded that teachers may exhibit overload posture depending on the use the times when writing blackboard

Introdução: O aperfeiçoamento das políticas de saúde e segurança no trabalho requer inovação no gerenciamento de recursos humanos, demandando ações direcionadas para boas condições de trabalho e saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a associação da capacidade para o trabalho e do presenteísmo entre trabalhadores de enfermagem e propor intervenções para a prevenção do presenteísmo e das incapacidades para o trabalho. Método: Estudo epidemiológico de recorte transversal, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa dos dados, desenvolvido no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (HU-USP), com todos os trabalhadores assistenciais da equipe de enfermagem e seus respectivos gerentes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de quatro instrumentos: formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e profissionais, questionário Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), Escala de Presenteísmo de Stanford (SPS-6) e entrevista coletiva (grupo focal) com os gerentes de enfermagem. O projeto foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo e a coleta autorizada pelo HU-USP. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2015, sendo que todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O contato com os trabalhadores foi no próprio local e turno de trabalho, seguido da apresentação do projeto e do convite para participação no estudo. Foi usado o teste Qui quadrado para a análise bivariada dos fatores associados à capacidade para trabalho. As variáveis que apresentaram p<0,20 foram incluídas na modelagem múltipla, por meio de análise de regressão logística stepwise forward. Os dados qualitativos foram transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Em relação aos dados quantitativos foram eleitos 516 sujeitos e desses 379 (73,4%) participaram da pesquisa. A média etária foi de 41,6 anos (dp=9,2 anos), variando de 23,0 a 65,0 anos, sendo 331 (87,3%) mulheres, casadas (60,6%), com escolaridade de nível superior (63,6%). O tempo médio de atuação na profissão de enfermagem era de 16,2 anos (dp=8,0 anos) e 63,0% exerciam a função de técnico ou auxiliar de enfermagem. A jornada de trabalho semanal foi de 38,5 horas em média (dp=8,6 horas), sendo que a maioria (55,6%) relatou mais de 01 hora diária de tempo de trajeto. A média do ICT foi considerada boa, com 39,1 pontos (dp=5,9), variando de 20,0 a 49,0 pontos, porém 38.3% com ICT inadequado. O presenteísmo foi revelado por 39.8% dos participantes, desses 23.7% com desempenho mantido e 16,1% com desempenho reduzido. Dentre os problemas de saúde, os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, gastrointestinais, respiratórios e emocionais foram os mais prevalentes. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre a capacidade para o trabalho e o presenteísmo (p<0,001), sendo que entre os trabalhadores com melhor desempenho houve maior prevalência de capacidade para o trabalho adequada (68,2%) do que entre aqueles com redução do desempenho (27,9%). A análise dos dados qualitativos resultou em três categorias nas dimensões individual, gerencial e institucional com propostas de intervenções focadas nos temas de sensibilização para adesão às medidas de proteção, gestão e liderança para cultura de segurança no trabalho e os recursos disponíveis na universidade como estratégia de mudança. Conclusão: As intervenções gerenciais propostas para a saúde do trabalhador foram consideradas atributos para a qualidade de vida no trabalho, longevidade e garantia de segurança na assistência de enfermagem e melhora na acreditação hospitalar. / Introduction - The improvement of occupational health and safety policies requires innovation in human resource management, demanding actions directed at good working conditions and health. Objective - Analyze the association between work ability and presenteeism among nursing workers and propose interventions to prevent presenteeism and occupational disability. Method - Epidemiological cross-sectional study, with quantitative and qualitative data approach, developed at the University Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo (HU-USP), with all the nursing care workers and their respective managers. The data were collected through four instruments: sociodemographic and professional profile questionnaire, Work Ability Index (WAI), Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and nursing managers focus group discussion. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Nursing School of the University of Sao Paulo and the collection authorized by the HU-USP. The data were collected from February to November 2015, and all the participants signed the Informed Consent form. The contact with the workers was made at their own workplace and during their work shift. It was followed by the project presentation and the invitation to take part of the survey. The chi-square test was used for the bivariate analysis of the factors associated with the work ability. The variables presenting p<0.20 were included in the multivariate data modeling through a stepwise forward logistic regression analysis. The qualitative data were transcribed and submitted to a thematic content analysis. Results - Regarding quantitative data, 516 subjects were elected and 379 (73.4%) of them participated in the survey. The average age was 41.6 years (SD=9.2 years), ranging from 23.0 to 65.0 years old, 331 (87.3%) were women, married (60.6%), with an educational higher level (63.6%).The average time of work in the nursing profession was 16.2 years (SD=8.0 years) and 63.0% exercised as technicians or nursing assistants. The average weekly working hours were 38.5 (SD=8.6 hours), and the majority (55.6%) reported spending more than 01 hour a day commuting. The WAI average score was considered good, with 39.1 points (SD=5.9), ranging from 20.0 to 49.0 points, but 38.3% presented an inadequate WAI. Presenteeism was revealed by 39.8% of the respondents, 23.7% of them maintaining their work performance, while 16.1% reducing it. The most prevalent health problems reported were musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory and emotional disorders. A statistically significant association between work ability and presenteeism (p<0,001) could be noted. There was a higher prevalence of adequate work ability (68.2%) among workers with a better work performance than among those with a reduced one (27.9%). The qualitative data analysis resulted in three categories in the individual, managerial and institutional dimensions with intervention proposals focused on awareness issues for adherence to protective measures, management and leadership for safety culture at work and the resources available at the university as a strategy of change. Conclusion - The management interventions proposed for the worker´s health were considered as attributes to the quality of working life, longevity and safety assurance in nursing care and to the hospital accreditation improvement.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka ledarstilar och ledarskapsbeteenden som är viktiga för att chefer ska kunna leda anställda med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar på ett effektivt sätt. Anställda med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar kan ha olika hinder att överkomma på en arbetsplats, men chefernas bemötande är en viktig del för att de ska kunna lyckas med sitt arbete.  Ämnet har studerats i en kvalitativ studie där fyra chefer som har anställda med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar har intervjuats om ledarskap, värderingar, engagemang och bemyndigande. Alla chefer pratar om att värderingar är en viktig del i att kunna leda dessa anställda effektivt, men fördelarna med bemyndigande är oklara eftersom vissa anställda behöver mer styrning för att kunna klara av sitt arbete. Cheferna behöver ha fokus på människorna i första hand, men behöver ha fokus på resultatet också. Med andra ord så behöver cheferna fokusera på vad de anställda har för förmågor. / The purpose with this study is to explore what leadership styles and behaviours that are effective to use when managers lead employees with mental disabilities. Employees with mental disabilities can have different obsticles to overcome in a workplace, but the managers treatment is an important key for their success.  The subject has been examined in a quantitative study by interviewing four managers that has employees with mental disabilities about leadership, values, commitment and empowerment. All managers talk about values as an important part of leading these employees effectivly but the advantages of empowerment is unclear as some employees needs more guiding to manage their work. The managers need to have focus on people first, but has to focus on getting results too. In other words, the manager needs to focus on the employees abilities.

This study investigated the experiences of the Development Support Group (DGS) when implementing the IQMS (Integrated Quality Management System) in Butterworth District of the Eastern Cape. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of the DSG when implementing the IQMS in an attempt to determine whether the DSG can cope with the task of being part of evaluation in education, and how the negative experiences could be improved. In order to get the experiences of the DSG when implementing the IQMS, the researcher embarked on this phenomenological study. Data were collected by means of one-on-one semi-structured interviews and the perusal of the IQMS document, Resolution 8 of 2003. Responses from the participants were tape-recorded and eventually transcribed, analyzed and interpreted. The main feature revealed by the study is gross lack of confidence, feeling of insecurity and ambivalence on the part of the DSG. On the basis of the findings, recommendations that will assist the DSG (and other IQMS implementers) to improve IQMS implementation, have been made. This study also serves as the voice of the DSG for they have also made suggestions to improve on the negative experiences they have highlighted. The conclusions arrived at in this study are specific to the DSG of the sampled schools. The conclusions reflect and explain the challenges faced by the DSG in Butterworth district. But the findings give a reflective explanatory depth to the experiences the DSG when implementing the IQMS.

This study aimed at examining if a strengths-based intervention implemented by two coordination teams in Surahammar and Hallstahammar has a positive effect on the wellbeing and work capacity of participants with complex needs such as mental and physical disabilities. As a direct result of citizens with complex needs having problems getting gainful employment the two teams were formed to help people who has not yet been helped by other previous interventions. Due to the studied group commonly facing several mental and physical disabilities the teams were constructed to use a strengths-based solutions-focused approach for their interventions. During a one-year intervention period the participants actively participated in strengths-based interventions consisting of solutions-focused activities, group activities, individual coaching and on-site job training. The research method used had a mixed methods design using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were gathered with the sense of coherence questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. When measured, using the instruments, results showed that participants wellbeing as well as their work capacity increased. In the discussion it is suggested that further research is needed as a small sample size and participant dropout limit the possibility to generalize the findings to a broader context.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SINARA PATRICIA ALVES ROCHA AVILA.pdf: 2087020 bytes, checksum: c32f7e3d9520df4391903107d0c64e25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / The accelerated productive aging of the population and the negative consequences on health maintenance worker raises in studies on the work environment, organizational tasks and quality of life of the professional. In the mining sector the process of mining can expose the individual at risk, mainly depend on the type of ore exploited. Radioactive elements, for example, which are applied in different areas of human activity may in occupational hazards, especially health. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyze the ability to work and quality of life of uranium miners from a state enterprise under the Ministry of Science and Technology. Research quantitative analysis, descriptive and transversal. The population of the company that met the inclusion criteria, among them perform activities linked to uranium, a universe composed of 300 employees, among which 260 are gazetted employees and 40 are contractors, with a sample of 161 workers, which corresponded to a sampling error of 5 %. To describe the demographic and lifestyle profile partner was used instrument developed by the researcher. The SF -36®, and the Work Ability Index (ICT®) and are validated instruments were chosen, respectively, for the analysis of quality of life and ability to job. SPSS® for Windows® version 16.0 program was used for statistical purposes. The profile of the sample described inferentially. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05 ). The results showed a good perception about quality of life and the ability to work with all areas a good score. Significant association was found between the demographic and labor partner, and those with a quality of life profile and the ability to work. By correlating the ability to work to the quality of life of uranium miners noticed significance statistical rating in all areas, indicating that these professionals are working capacity and with a satisfactory perception of work and welfare. The results indicate gaps in the bibliographies surveyed on the topic of uranium worker health and found no scientific evidence about the association of quality of life, health and work ability of these professionals. / O acelerado envelhecimento produtivo da população brasileira e as consequências negativas na manutenção da saúde do trabalhador suscitam em estudos sobre o ambiente laboral, tarefas organizacionais e a qualidade de vida do profissional. No setor da mineração o processo de extração mineral pode expor em risco o indivíduo, principalmente ao depender do tipo de minério explorado. Os elementos radioativos, por exemplo, que são aplicados em distintas áreas da atividade humana pode ocasionar em riscos ocupacionais, principalmente à saúde. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar a capacidade para o trabalho e a qualidade de vida de mineradores de urânio de uma empresa estatal vinculada ao Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia. Pesquisa quantitativa, com caráter descritivo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por 161 trabalhadores, o que correspondeu a um erro amostral de 5%. Foi utilizado para descrever o perfil sócio demográfico e hábitos de vida, questionário construído pela pesquisadora, além de instrumentos validados como o SF-36® e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT®). O programa SPSS® for Windows®, versão 16.0, foi utilizado para fins estatísticos. O nível de significância adotado foi o valor de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram boa percepção sobre a qualidade de vida e sobre a capacidade para o trabalho tendo todos os domínios um bom escore. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o perfil sócio demográfico e o laboral, e destes com a qualidade de vida e a capacidade para o trabalho. Ao correlacionar a capacidade para o trabalho à qualidade de vida dos mineradores de urânio notou significância estatística em todos os domínios, o que indica que estes profissionais se encontram com capacidade laborativa e uma percepção satisfatória do trabalho e de bem estar. Os resultados apontam lacunas nas bibliografias pesquisadas sobre a temática saúde do trabalhador de urânio e nenhuma evidência científica foi encontrada sobre associação da qualidade de vida, saúde e capacidade para o trabalho desses profissionais.

<p>Att vara aktiv och klara av att utföra sitt arbete har en central betydelse för en individs hälsa och välbefinnande. Begreppet arbetsförmåga är ett komplext begrepp som beskrivs som flerdimensionellt. Vid bedömning av arbetsförmåga är det viktigt att bedömaren använder sig av tillförlitliga metoder som syftar till att hjälpa individen med sin fortsatta rehabilitering. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga olika bedömningsinstrument som mäter arbetsförmåga i olika avseenden. Bland annat vilket syfte instrumentet har, vilken datainsamlingsmetod instrumentet använder samt vilka psykometriska egenskaper som har prövats för instrumentet. För att besvara syftet gjordes en systematisk litteraturstudie med sökning i följande databaser: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus och OT-seeker vilket resulterade i tio artiklar. En manuell sökning utfördes för att komplettera den initiala sökningen vilket resulterade i ytterligare sex artiklar. Resultatet visar att sju instrument kunde identifieras som på olika sätt mäter en individs arbetsförmåga. Majoriteten av dem har ett tydligt syfte samt är förankrade i en teoretisk grund och är prövade utifrån olika psykometriska egenskaper. Författarna har konstaterat att begreppet arbetsförmåga saknar enhetlig definition och är ett komplext begrepp. I diskussionen föreslås en samverkan av olika instrument som framkommit i studien för att tydliggöra och bistå bedömningen av en individs arbetsförmåga.</p> / <p>Being active and able to perform one’s work is of central importance to an individual’s health and wellbeing. Work capacity is a complex concept that is described as multidimensional. When assessing an individual’s work capacity, it is of great importance to use reliable methods designed to help the individual with his continuing rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to identify existing assessment instruments for measuring work capacity in different ways, considering for example: the purpose of the instrument, the method for data collection, and the psychometric properties tested for the instrument. A systematic literature review was performed by searching the following databases; PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT-seeker.  The search resulted in ten articles. A complementary manual search was conducted, producing six additional articles. The contents of the 16 articles identified seven instruments, all of which measured an individual's work capacity in different ways. The majority of the instruments had a clear purpose, were anchored in a theoretical basis, and were tested on different psychometric properties. The authors found that the concept of work capacity has no single definition and is a complex concept. The discussion suggests the combined use of various instruments that emerged in the study to clarify and assist in the assessment of an individual’s work capacity.</p>

Att vara aktiv och klara av att utföra sitt arbete har en central betydelse för en individs hälsa och välbefinnande. Begreppet arbetsförmåga är ett komplext begrepp som beskrivs som flerdimensionellt. Vid bedömning av arbetsförmåga är det viktigt att bedömaren använder sig av tillförlitliga metoder som syftar till att hjälpa individen med sin fortsatta rehabilitering. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga olika bedömningsinstrument som mäter arbetsförmåga i olika avseenden. Bland annat vilket syfte instrumentet har, vilken datainsamlingsmetod instrumentet använder samt vilka psykometriska egenskaper som har prövats för instrumentet. För att besvara syftet gjordes en systematisk litteraturstudie med sökning i följande databaser: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus och OT-seeker vilket resulterade i tio artiklar. En manuell sökning utfördes för att komplettera den initiala sökningen vilket resulterade i ytterligare sex artiklar. Resultatet visar att sju instrument kunde identifieras som på olika sätt mäter en individs arbetsförmåga. Majoriteten av dem har ett tydligt syfte samt är förankrade i en teoretisk grund och är prövade utifrån olika psykometriska egenskaper. Författarna har konstaterat att begreppet arbetsförmåga saknar enhetlig definition och är ett komplext begrepp. I diskussionen föreslås en samverkan av olika instrument som framkommit i studien för att tydliggöra och bistå bedömningen av en individs arbetsförmåga. / Being active and able to perform one’s work is of central importance to an individual’s health and wellbeing. Work capacity is a complex concept that is described as multidimensional. When assessing an individual’s work capacity, it is of great importance to use reliable methods designed to help the individual with his continuing rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to identify existing assessment instruments for measuring work capacity in different ways, considering for example: the purpose of the instrument, the method for data collection, and the psychometric properties tested for the instrument. A systematic literature review was performed by searching the following databases; PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT-seeker.  The search resulted in ten articles. A complementary manual search was conducted, producing six additional articles. The contents of the 16 articles identified seven instruments, all of which measured an individual's work capacity in different ways. The majority of the instruments had a clear purpose, were anchored in a theoretical basis, and were tested on different psychometric properties. The authors found that the concept of work capacity has no single definition and is a complex concept. The discussion suggests the combined use of various instruments that emerged in the study to clarify and assist in the assessment of an individual’s work capacity.

The overall aim of this thesis was to identify valid, simple, and inexpensive physical tests that can be used for evaluation of firefighters’ physical work capacity. Paper I included fulltime- and part-time firefighters (n = 193), aged 20-60 years. Perceived physical demands of firefighting work tasks were ranked, and comparisons between subject groups rating were done with the Mann Whitney U-test and Binominal test. Papers II and III included male firefighters and civilian men and women (n = 38), aged 24-57 years. Laboratory and field tests of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, balance, and simulated firefighting work tasks were performed. Physical capacity comparisons between subject groups were done and bivariate correlations between physical tests and work capacity in the simulated firefighting work tasks analyzed. Paper IV included the same subjects as in Paper II-III (training-set), and additional 90 subjects (prediction-set), aged 20-50 years. Laboratory and field tests of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance and balance, and simulated firefighting work tasks were included. Data from the training-set was used to build models for prediction of firefighters’ physical work capacity, using multivariate statistic. The prediction-set was used to externally validate the selected models. Several work tasks were rated as physically demanding and significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in ratings were found between full-time and part-time firefighters (Paper I). Significant differences were found between subject groups in physical capacity, and work capacity (p &lt; 0.01) (Paper II-IV). Both laboratory and field tests were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) correlated with work capacity time (Paper II-III). The prediction (R2) and predictive power (Q2) of firefighters’ work capacity (Carrying hose baskets upstairs, Hose pulling, Demolition at or after a fire, Victim rescue, and Carrying hose baskets over terrain) was R2 = 0.74 to 0.91, and Q2 = 0.65 to 0.85, and the external validation ranged between R2: 0.38 to 0.80 (Paper IV). In conclusion, rowing 500 m (s), maximal handgrip strength (kg), endurance bench press (n), running 3000 m (s and s scaled to body weight) upright barbell row (n) and standing broad jump (m) together provides valid information about firefighters’ physical work capacity.