Acompanha: Construindo o piso da quadra de esportes por meio de projetos de trabalho / A disciplina de matemática tem extrema relevância na formação integral para a cidadania em âmbito mundial, afere-se que os países que possuem melhores resultados acadêmicos, elencados no PISA, possuem também melhor desenvolvimento tecnológico, sendo essencial para o mundo globalizado, *educação do século XXI. Dessa forma, é necessário oportunizar aos educandos um ensino de qualidade desde os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, o qual considere as suas especificidades de aprendizagem e estimule as competências inerentes à aprendizagem de Matemática. Neste contexto os saberes de matemática podem ser desenvolvidos por meio da estratégia de ensino projetos de trabalho, a qual propicia aprender de forma cooperativa e colaborativa, onde o educando é corresponsável no processo. Desta forma, cabe ao professor ser o mediador do processo pedagógico, oportunizar aos educandos aprender de forma prática, em um contexto real e significativo evidenciando a importância e a utilidade do conhecimento matemático em seu cotidiano. Assim, optou-se por fundamentar as intervenções pedagógicas na metodologia de projetos de trabalho que enfatiza a abordagem contextualizada e interdisciplinar do ensino e que busca dar sentido a tudo que é aprendido, sendo o educando participante ativo. Nesse viés, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os resultados verificados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de matemática ao aplicar um projeto contextualizado e interdisciplinar. As intervenções pedagógicas foram desenvolvidas numa escola municipal, em Castro - Paraná, junto a vinte e cinco discentes, Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Desse modo, a obtenção dos dados resultantes da aplicação das intervenções pedagógicas se deu por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho interpretativo. Durante a aplicação do projeto de trabalho, observou-se que os alunos demonstraram maior interesse em realizar as atividades, maior motivação durante as aulas, e uma postura de responsabilidade. Os resultados demonstram que trabalhar com projeto favorece a construção de conceitos de matemática contextualizados às situações do cotidiano, bem como a interdisciplinaridade da matemática com outras áreas do conhecimento. Também foi possível verificar que em todas as etapas do desenvolvimento do projeto os educandos compartilhavam o aprendizado e sentiam-se mais confiantes para expor suas ideias, o que propiciou um clima cooperativo e propulsor de competências, como responsabilidade, exercício de liderança compartilhada e senso crítico, delineados nos processos de decisões importantes para a formação dos educandos. A partir das atividades realizadas com os educandos, foi elaborado um produto educacional, “Construindo o piso da quadra de esportes por meio de projetos de trabalho”, o qual é organizado em forma de caderno pedagógico, cujo objetivo é oferecer aos professores de anos iniciais um roteiro de trabalho para desenvolver os conteúdos de matemática de forma contextualizada e significativa. / The mathematical discipline is extremely important in the integral formation for citizenship worldwide, it is gauged that countries that have better academic results, listed in PISA, have also better technological development, is essential for the globalized world, the twenty-first century education . Thus, it is necessary to create opportunities for learners quality education from the early years of elementary school, which considers their specific learning and encourage the skills inherent in learning mathematics. In this context math knowledge can be developed through the teaching strategy work projects, which provides learning in a cooperative and collaborative manner where the student is co-responsible in the process. Thus, the teacher is the facilitator of the learning process, create opportunities for students to learn in a practical way, in a real and meaningful context highlighting the importance and usefulness of mathematical knowledge in their daily lives. Thus, we chose to support the pedagogical interventions in the methodology of work projects that emphasizes contextualized and interdisciplinary approach to teaching, and seeks to make sense of all that is learned, being the student active participant. In this bias, this study aimed to analyze the results obtained in the teaching and learning of mathematics by applying a contextualized and interdisciplinary project. Pedagogical interventions were developed in a municipal school, Castro, Paraná, with twenty-five students, Years Elementary School Initials. Thus, obtaining the data resulting from application of the pedagogical intervention was through a qualitative research of interpretative. During the implementation of the work project, it was observed that students showed more interest in performing the tasks, greater motivation in class, and a responsible attitude. The results demonstrate that working with project favors the construction of mathematical concepts contextualized to everyday situations and interdisciplinarity of mathematics other areas of knowledge. It was also observed that in all project development stages of the students shared learning and felt more confident to express their ideas, which led to a cooperative climate and propellant skills such as responsibility, shared leadership exercise and critical sense , outlined in the processes of important decisions for the training of students. From the activities with the students, an educational product was made, "Building the floor of the gymnasium through work projects" which is organized in the form of pedagogical book whose aim is to offer early years teachers a road map work to develop the math content contextualized and meaningful way.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka vad medarbetare på ett Mellansvenskt fastighetsbolag upplever som främjande för ett hållbart arbetsliv. Data samlades in via nio semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades genom en induktiv tematisk analys. Analysen resulterade i fem huvudteman varav två hade två till tre underteman. Studiens resultat visade att respondenterna upplevde att arbetets utformning, arbetsbelastningen, det sociala stödet – kopplat både till utförandet av arbetet samt till mer informella jobbsammanhang som raster – samt möjligheten till balans och återhämtning var viktigt för ett hållbart arbetsliv. Det framkom även att det fanns en förändring över tid när det gällde medvetenheten hos respondenterna kring den egna hälsan om man såg till början av deras arbetsliv, nutid och framtid. Av resultatet går att utläsa att psykosociala arbetsmiljöaspekter samt arbetets organisation var av stor vikt för ett hållbart arbetsliv för respondenterna. Vidare framgick även att dessa aspekter inte var statiska utan ändrades över tid. / The purpose of the study was to examine what employees at a property company in Mid-Sweden experience as promoting a sustainable working life. Data were collected through nine semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in five main themes, two of which had two to three sub-themes. The results of the study showed that the respondents felt that the work design, the workload, the social support – linked to both carrying out the work and to more informal work contexts such as breaks – as well as the possibility of balance and recovery were important for a sustainable working life. In addition, there was a change in the respondents’ awareness of their health when looking at the beginning of their working life, the present and the future. From the results, it can be deduced that psychological working conditions as well as work organization were of a great importance for a sustainable working life to the respondents. Furthermore, it also emerged that these aspects were not static but changed over time.

The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Bakker and colleagues) has received increasing attention in recent years, yet there is a distinct literature gap regarding its utility and value towards the international work context. In line with this, understanding how to design jobs representing enhanced climates of work engagement for internationally operating staff alludes practitioners. This thesis therefore aims to substantiate the claim that previous research applying the JD-R model has neglected the international work context and evaluate whether the model has potential to be used as a framework for managing burnout, work engagement and related outcomes beyond the use in solely national contexts. In order to do so, two review studies (systematic and meta-analytic) and two empirical studies (qualitative and quantitative) are conducted of the JD-R model in the international work context. Findings suggest: that existing JD-R literature does not consider the international work context, highlighting a distinct literature gap requiring attention, in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the model and its applicability; strong meta-analytic support for the JD-R model and the impact of variation in the international work context represented by dimensions of national culture; the JD-R model has potential for responding to the management of burnout and work engagement for international business travelers but may benefit from theoretical amendments that focus the models utility and direct scholarly research and practitioner approaches; that the model may not be as valuable as assumed for the international business traveler context, yet it is worth considering the findings in light of relevant literature and possible limitations. Overall, the findings suggest a distinct need for more research examining the JD-R model in the international work context. A number of potential theoretical amendments are suggested in a conceptual internationalized JD-R model that can be used as a foundation for future empirical work to establish the boundaries of the model and its utility. From a practitioner perspective, until more research is conducted, JD-R principles should be applied with caution. As a whole, this thesis encompasses theoretical, empirical and practical contributions relevant for scholarly and practitioner communities which can be built upon over time with regards to the proposed conceptual model.

Bei einer altersgerechten Arbeitsgestaltung mittels digitaler Menschmodelle (DMM) sind die altersbedingten Veränderungen der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Altersbedingte Veränderungen wie bspw. der Beweglichkeit sind aktuell nur rudimentär bei der virtuellen Arbeitsprozessgestaltung abbildbar. Deshalb wird im Beitrag ein Konzept zur Integration von Altersfaktoren in DMM vorgestellt. Dem User-Centered-Design Prozess folgend, werden die einzelnen Schritte zur Integration von Altersfaktoren am Beispiel der Beweglichkeit dargestellt. Dazu werden die erhobenen Nutzeranforderungen und die Darstellung der nutzerorientierten Konfiguration der Altersfaktoren im DMM dargestellt. Im Ergebnis wird gezeigt, wie altersbedingte Veränderungen der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit in DMM nutzer-orientiert eingebunden werden können. Dem Nutzer soll damit perspektivisch eine effektive und effiziente altersgerechte Gestaltung in DMM mittels akkurater, relevanter Daten sowie geeigneter Unterstützung ermöglicht werden.

<p>Computer users often suffer from poorly designed support systems that hinder them from performing their work efficiently and with satisfaction. The evidence is found in observations of users at work, interviews, evaluations of systems, and numerous reports of systems with poor usability that fail from start. </p><p>Those who use the systems are proficient in their work, and those who develop systems are proficient in software engineering. These two groups have often little knowledge and understanding of each other’s worlds and their vocabularies are quite different. In systems development projects, users are often confronted with representations of their work that they hardly recognize. Systems designers compose these representations in an attempt to reduce the complexity of the work practices in a way that is appropriate for systems development. It is very difficult for users to appreciate the consequences fully on their future work situation from such representations, since they are removed from the social setting and often describe work in a fragmentized way. The unfamiliar view of their work may make the users less inclined to participate in the forthcoming design process. </p><p>This thesis presents research performed to increase the usability of systems in working life and to explore conditions that facilitate the design of systems that really support the users work. The research comprises field studies in different work contexts, e.g. health care, dentistry, public service, and transportation. Information on the essentials of work has been gathered and analyzed to learn how such findings can be translated into systems design. Another goal has been to explore how to make the most of users’ experiences and skills to assure systems that better fit their work. Along with a growing awareness of the importance of user involvement in design, a participatory design process including the analysis and design of work has evolved.</p>

<p>Examining how our basic values affect development processes is the overall theme of this thesis. In practice, the question is investigated in relation to software development and organizational change and in research, in relation to science and its relationship to common sense, specifically within the area of Human Computer Interaction. The thesis discusses how it might be possible to discover what is essential for development processes and why the essential may be interpreted as something other than the simply obvious. This thesis examines ways of studying and understanding our social environment and development processes, particularly those concerning people, organizations and software. The empirical examples deal with a software development project and a project that scrutinized the strategy for a governmental authority’s business and information technology. Attitudes are discussed in terms of how they view the user, the customer, the software developers, the software, organizational and implementation processes, organizational management, aesthetic values, functionality and use, research, methods, paradigmatic approaches, ethical issues, psychological reactions, sociological prerequisites, categorizations of people and stress-related health consequences. One particular prerequisite for developing superior computer-supported office work has repeatedly presented itself: an open, questioning attitude towards the software development process, towards organizational change and towards the people working in the organizations. A similar attitude towards research and its design can be crucial to the development of new knowledge. This circumstance can be interpreted as an indication of how important it is that we be aware of and question our preconceived notions, in order to develop an autonomous behavior where we take responsibility for our actions. By doing so, we can avoid misinterpretations and not get trapped into making categorizations that are simply obvious. This is essential and must be emphasized in our search for the path to »healthy work«.</p>

Examining how our basic values affect development processes is the overall theme of this thesis. In practice, the question is investigated in relation to software development and organizational change and in research, in relation to science and its relationship to common sense, specifically within the area of Human Computer Interaction. The thesis discusses how it might be possible to discover what is essential for development processes and why the essential may be interpreted as something other than the simply obvious. This thesis examines ways of studying and understanding our social environment and development processes, particularly those concerning people, organizations and software. The empirical examples deal with a software development project and a project that scrutinized the strategy for a governmental authority’s business and information technology. Attitudes are discussed in terms of how they view the user, the customer, the software developers, the software, organizational and implementation processes, organizational management, aesthetic values, functionality and use, research, methods, paradigmatic approaches, ethical issues, psychological reactions, sociological prerequisites, categorizations of people and stress-related health consequences. One particular prerequisite for developing superior computer-supported office work has repeatedly presented itself: an open, questioning attitude towards the software development process, towards organizational change and towards the people working in the organizations. A similar attitude towards research and its design can be crucial to the development of new knowledge. This circumstance can be interpreted as an indication of how important it is that we be aware of and question our preconceived notions, in order to develop an autonomous behavior where we take responsibility for our actions. By doing so, we can avoid misinterpretations and not get trapped into making categorizations that are simply obvious. This is essential and must be emphasized in our search for the path to »healthy work«.

No description available.

No description available.

Les troubles musculo-squelettiques liés au travail causent des maladies physiques et mentales chez les travailleurs, réduisent leur productivité et causent de grandes pertes aux industries et à la société. Cette thèse porte sur l'évaluation du risque physique de troubles musculo-squelettiques liés au travail, pour laquelle quatre points clés sont identifiés : la mesure de la charge de travail, l'évaluation de l'effet de l'accumulation de la charge de travail, la quantification des caractéristiques individuelles et l'intégration de l'évaluation des risques dans les outils de modélisation numérique humaine. Dans l'état de l'art, les études épidémiologiques des désordres musculo-squelettiques et les méthodes actuelles utilisées pour l'évaluation des risques physiques sont présentées, ainsi que les études concernant les quatre points clés. La deuxième partie présente une étude expérimentale portant sur 17 sujets afin d'explorer un nouvel indicateur de la fatigue musculaire avec EMG de surface. Dans la partie suivante, des développements sont faits pour intégrer un modèle de fatigue musculaire dans OpenSim, un logiciel de modélisation humaine numérique, avec lequel la diminution de capacité de chaque muscle est prévisible pour une tâche donnée. Les valeurs prévues peuvent s'appliquer à l'évaluation des risques physiques. La quatrième partie présente le travail de construction d'un modèle musculosquelettique à chaîne complète dans OpenSim, étant donné qu'aucun modèle actuel ne couvre les muscles du torse et tous les membres. Une attention particulière est portée à la méthode utilisée par OpenSim pour adapter les propriétés inertielles du modèle aux individus. Les erreurs de la méthode sont évaluées à l'aide des données de référence provenant du scanner 3D du corps entier. Dans la dernière partie, le nouveau modèle de la chaîne complète est appliqué à l'analyse de la posture d'une tâche de perçage en hauteur. L'activité musculaire varie en fonction des postures, ce qui est suggéré comme indicateur des charges posturales. / Work-related musculoskeletal disorders cause physical and mental illnesses in workers, reduce their productivity and cause great losses to industries and society. This thesis focuses on the assessment of the physical risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in industry, for which four key points are identified: measuring workloads, assessing the effect of workload accumulation, quantifying individual characteristics and integrating the risk assessment into digital human modeling tools. In the state of the art, the epidemiologic studies of musculoskeletal disoders and the current methods used for its physical risk assessment are reviewed, as well as the studies concerning the four key points. The second part presents an experimental study involving 17 subjects to explore a new indicator to muscle fatigue with surface EMG. In the next part, efforts are made to integrate a muscle fatigue model into OpenSim, a digital human modeling software, with which the capacity decrease of each muscle is predictable for a given task. The predicted values could be applicable to the physical risk assessment. The fourth part introduce the work to build up a Fullchain musculoskeletal model in OpenSim in view that no current model covers muscles of the torso and all the limbs. Special attention is paid to the method used by OpenSim to adapt the model inertial properties to individuals. Errors of the method is evaluated with reference data coming from the whole-body 3D scan. In the last part, the newly built Full-chain model is applied on the posture analysis of an overhead drilling task. The muscle activition varies as a function of postures, which is suggested as the indicator of posture loads.