Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-55). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent to which women in higher education experience or are aware of possible limitations placed on them as women in work contexts that historically were the domain of men only. The research critically analysed semistructured interview responses from seven female participants from a South African university. The analysis aimed to investigate the participants’ individual and shared perceptions and to present a view of how they discursively construct their own experience within an academic work environment. The research draws on theories and methodologies developed within critical discourse analysis (CDA) in order to interpret the data. This study draws on Gee’s model of CDA, which conceptualises discourse as inherently political and ideological, and therefore seeks to make clear the discursive connections between discourses and the sociocultural, historical and institutional contexts in which it is created and interpreted. Thus, a close analysis of discourses provides insight into aspects of social reality, including how individuals construct themselves and their personal experiences, as well as their attitudes and assumptions about their social contexts. The study reveals that during their narratives the women participants addressed similar issues and themes relating to gender in an academic work place. The participants also used similar linguistic and discursive strategies to construct their narratives. Subsequent to an analysis of the data using Gee’s model of CDA, it was found that the participants do experience limitations in the workplace, but they did not always directly attribute these limitations to gender. After a final analysis of the ways in which participants express attitudes to the issues being addressed, the study finds that the participants are not often aware of dominant ideologies related to gender, or of how the ideologies affect their experiences. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die mate waarin vroue in hoër onderwys ondervind of bewus is van moontlike beperkings wat op hulle geplaas word as vroue in werksomstandighede wat geskiedkundig deur mans domineer word. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met sewe vroulike deelnemers by ʼn Suid-Afrikaanse universiteit word krities ontleed. Die ontleding is daarop gemik om die deelnemers se individuele en gedeelde waarnemings te ondersoek, asook om die diskursiewe vertelling van hul ervarings uit te beeld. Teorieë en metodologieë wat ontwikkel is in kritiese diskoersanalise (CDA) word gebruik om die data te interpreteer, terwyl daar spesifieke gebruik gemaak word van Gee se model van kritiese analise. Gee se model konseptualiseer diskoers as inherent polities en ideologies en poog daarom om die diskursiewe verbande uit te wys wat vorm tussen diskoerse en sosiokulturele, geskiedkundige en institusionele kontekste. Dus, ʼn noukeurige ontleding van diskoers bied insig tot aspekte van die sosiale werklikheid, insluitend hoe individue hulself en hul persoonlike ervarings, en hul houdings en aannames oor sosiale kontekste opbou. Die studie toon aan dat die vroulike deelnemers soortgelyke kwessies en temas, met betrekking tot geslag in ʼn akademiese werksplek, tydens hul onderhoude bespreek het. Die deelnemers het ook soortgelyke taalkundige en diskursiewe strategieë benut om hul verhale te struktureer. Na ʼn ontleding van die data met behulp van Gee se model van kritiese analise, is daar gevind dat die deelnemers wel beperkings in die werksplek ervaar, alhoewel hul die beperkings nie altyd direk aan geslag toegeskryf het nie. Na ʼn finale ontleding van die maniere waarop deelnemers hul houdings teenoor die kwessies uitbeeld, het die studie gevind dat die deelnemers dikwels nie bewus is van die dominante ideologieë wat verband hou met geslag nie, of hoe hierdie ideologieë hul ervarings beïnvloed nie.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisAMF_DISSERT.pdf: 3232688 bytes, checksum: 66501bc783e1fa5a5ecaef1f71f40fb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Descriptive exploratory study, with quantitative approach, with data collected from April to May 2009, aiming to identify the types of occupational violence affecting professionals on the nursing and medical staff in an emergency hospital service in Natal/RN, over the last 12 months; to identify emergency sectors where occupational violence episodes took place; to characterize aggressors on each type of occupational violence; to know the procedures adopted after each violent act targeting nursing and medical staff professionals; and to know the consequences of violence suffered by the nursing and medical staff professionals. The sample consisted of 26 nurses, 95 nursing assistants/technicians and 124 physicians, for a total of 245 professionals. The results showed that 50.61% of the professionals were women, aged 41 to 45 (22.45%), with post-graduate studies (51.43%), married (60.82%); 21.22% had 16 to 20 years of experience in the profession and in emergency practice; working 40 weekly hours (86.12%); and working both the day shift and the night shift (70.21%); 27.35% consider violence to be a part of their profession and the patient s companions as an important risk factor (86.53%); couldn t inform whether there was a specific established procedure for reporting occupational violence (45.71%); 73.06% suffered occupational violence in the 12 months; 70.20% verbal assault, 24.08% moral harassment, 6.12% physical assault, and 3.67% sexual harassment; 66.67% of the patients took part in the physical assault; the companions, in verbal assault (58.14%); and the health staff in moral harassment (69.49%); facing episodes violence, 37.65% of the professionals reported the fact to their co-workers; 57.25% uffered from stress as a consequence; on 4.71% of the episodes the professionals had to be bsent from work, resulting in 75 days of occupational violence-related absence. We conclude here was a high rate of occupational violence in the researched population, with verbal ssault and moral harassment as the most frequent violence types. Because factors related to ccupational violence were very diverse, actions seeking to confront this problem shouldn t be limited to the work environment itself. Education ought to be one of the most effective ctions for avoiding or minimizing these events occurrence / Estudo explorat?rio descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido entre abril e maio de 2009, com o objetivo de identificar os tipos de viol?ncia ocupacional, sofrida pelos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem e m?dica, nos ?ltimos 12 meses, em um servi?o de urg?ncia hospitalar, em Natal/RN; identificar os setores da urg?ncia onde ocorreram os epis?dios de viol?ncia ocupacional; caracterizar os agressores de cada tipo de viol?ncia ocupacional; conhecer os procedimentos adotados ap?s cada ato violento sofrido pelos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem e m?dica, e conhecer as consequ?ncias da viol?ncia sofrida pelos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem e m?dica. A amostra constou de 26 enfermeiros, 95 auxiliares/t?cnicos de enfermagem e 124 m?dicos, totalizando 245 profissionais. Os resultados mostraram que 50,61% dos profissionais eram mulheres, entre 41 e 45 anos (22,45%); com p?s-gradua??o(51,43%), casadas (60,82%); 21,22% tinham entre 16 e 20 anos tanto de experi?ncia na profiss?o como de experi?ncia na urg?ncia; carga hor?ria semanal de trabalho de 40 horas (86,12%); e trabalham tanto no turno diurno como no noturno (70,21%); 27,35% consideram que a viol?ncia faz parte da sua profiss?o e os acompanhantes como importante fator de risco (86,53%); n?o sabiam informar se no hospital havia um procedimento estabelecido, espec?fico, para o relato de viol?ncia ocupacional (45,71%); 73,06% sofreram viol?ncia ocupacional nos 12 meses; 70,20% agress?o verbal, 24,08% ass?dio moral, 6,12% agress?o f?sica, e 3,67% ass?dio sexual; 66,67% dos pacientes participaram da viol?ncia f?sica; os acompanhantes, do ass?dio verbal (58,14%); e a equipe de sa?de do ass?dio moral (69,49%); diante dos epis?dios de viol?ncia, 37,65% dos profissionais, contaram o fato para colegas de trabalho; 57,25% tiveram como consequ?ncia o estresse; em 4,71% dos epis?dios os profissionais precisaram ausentar-se do trabalho, resultando em 75 dias de absente?smo relacionado a viol?ncia ocupacional. Conclu?mos que houve um alto ?ndice de viol?ncia ocupcional na popula??o investigada, sendo a agress?o verbal e o ass?dio moral os tipos de viol?ncia mais frequentes. Os fatores relacionados ? viol?ncia ocupacional foram muito diversos e por esta raz?o, as a??es voltadas para o enfrentamento desse problema n?o devem estar limitadas apenas ao ambiente de trabalho. A educa??o dever? ser uma das a??es mais eficazes para evitar ou minimizar a ocorr?ncia desses eventos

Problemformulering: En stor andel av lärare upplever stress och i Sverige är många lärare sjukskrivna på grund av psykisk ohälsa. Ett flertal aspekter i den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön är associerade med ohälsa bland lärare enligt tidigare forskning. Detta är inte bara ett problem i för lärare i Sverige utan förekommer även bland lärare i flera olika länder. För svenska barn och ungdomar som bor i utlandet finns svenska utlandsskolor där svenska lärare arbetar, och Spanien är det land där det finns flest svenska utlandsskolor. Eftersom ingen tidigare forsning om lärare i svenska utlandsskolans arbetsmiljö och hälsa har gjorts finns stora kunskapsluckor inom området. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka grundskolelärares upplevelser av den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön i svenska skolan i Spanien. Metod: För att söka svar på syfte och frågeställningar har kvalitativ ansats med intervju som datainsamlingsmetod använts och data har analyserat med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem huvudområden som lärarna beskriver som betydelsefulla för hur de upplever den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön i svenska skolan i Spanien; Omsättning av elever, lärare och ledning, Samarbete, Flexibiliteten, Arbetsbördan och Lokalernas betydelse. Slutsats: Lärarna i svenska skolan i Spanien upplever överlag att de har ett fritt och flexibelt arbete, men samtidigt att de arbetar mycket och begränsas i arbetet av den tid och de resurser som finns på skolan. Vidare visar studien att lärarna upplever att de sociala relationerna på arbetsplatsen har betydelse då de både kan möjliggöra och hindra god organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö samt att de sociala relationerna påverkas av omsättningen av personer på skolan. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school teachers' experiences of the organizational and social work environment in Swedish school in Spain.  Method: A qualitative approach with interview as a data collection method has been used. Data has been analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in five main areas that the teachers describe as important for how they experience the organizational and social work environment in Swedish school in Spain; Turnover of Students, Teachers and Management, Collaboration, Flexibility, Workload and the Importance of the premises.  Conclusion: Teachers in Swedish school in Spain generally find that they have free and flexible work, but at the same time they work a lot and are limited in the work of the time and resources available at the school. Furthermore, the study shows that teachers feel that social relations in the workplace are important as they can both enable and constrain good organizational and social work environment, and that social relations are affected by the turnover of people at school.

Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the psychophysiological response to the dynamic working environment within a cohort of higher education employees via ambulatory assessment of psychosocial and physiological measures. Methods: Data was collected from two observational studies. Study one employed a cross-sectional design to investigate relationships between work-related psychosocial hazard, work-time heart rate variability, blood pressure, and the cortisol awakening response. Consideration was given to occupation type and acute work-related demand. Study two, a single-subject case study, employed an experience sampling methodology to peform a 24 hour assessment over 21 days. Workload, affect and demand were sampled during working hours, while heart rate variability and physical activity were continually sampled (24 hours), with salivary cortisol, being sampled at 3 time points during the awakening period. This study also investigated some of the methodological issues associated with ambulatory assessment of both heart rate variability and the cortisol awakening response. Findings: Chronic work-related demand was found to be positively associated with sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system. Acute work-related demand was associated with ambulatory heart rate variability during work time and evening time whilst the rise in salivary free cortisol over the immediate post awakening period varies according to acute anticipatory demand and prior day's workload. Substantial intra--individual variation in both the cortisol awakening response and ambulatory heart variability was found to occur across work-days. Work time activity levels accounted for little of the variation in ambulatory heart rate variability and blood pressure. The cortisol awakening response was associated with both heart rate variability and nocturnal movement in the latter stage of sleep. Conclusion: Attending to the psychophysiological response to work at the individual level by means of ambulatory assessment appears to provide a useful means of assessing the balance between employee and environment. This could have significant implications for work design, employee selection and targeting of workplace interventions.

Studier visar att god planering sänker omkostnader och kostnader för ÄTA-arbeten. Det innebär att genomtänkt planering blir en allt viktigare faktor för att kunna minska kostnader för slöseri samt uppnå en effektiv produktion och god kvalitet. Ett hjälpmedel för att uppfylla detta är verktyget arbetsberedning. Arbetsberedning är ett begrepp som genom planering underlättar genomförandet av en aktivitet. För att uppnå önskat resultat och kvalitet ska val av utförandemetod, arbetskraft, material, maskiner och hjälpmedel fastställas i god tid innan arbetsmomentet påbörjas. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att göra en nulägesanalys av hur Peabs arbetsberedningar fungerar i produktionen. Att kartlägga eventuella fel eller brister samt att undersöka möjligheten till effektivisering. Målet är att effektivisera arbetsberedningen och presentera förbättringar. Studien har genomförts på Peab region mellersta och aktuella byggprojekt i Karlstad under våren 2017. Den omfattar en fallstudie på Talldungen förskola samt en intervjustudie där platschefer, arbetsledare och yrkesarbetare har intervjuats. Resultatet visar att Peab har ett strukturerat arbetssätt gällande arbetsberedningar och att medarbetare anser att verktyget är ett bra hjälpmedel. Med hjälp av arbetsberedning klargörs krav och eventuella frågetecken kan redas ut innan aktivitetsstart. Vid beredningen deltar yrkesarbetarna aktivt och kan påverka val av arbetsmetod, maskiner och verktyg. Detta resulterar i en positiv inställning och upplevs även ge bättre sammanhållning mellan yrkesgrupperna. Ett återkommande problem är att arbetsberedning inte prioriteras tidsmässigt vilket gör att uppföljningen efter genomförd aktivitet blir bristfällig och saknar ofta dokumentation. Utifrån de slutsatser som tagits från analysen rekommenderas utbildning, erfarenhetsbank samt ritning- och anvisningsstation som åtgärder. Peab bör även bli bättre på att informera sina medarbetare om vilka verktyg som finns tillgängliga samt satsa på att utveckla BIM-användandet. / Studies show that good planning reduces operating coasts and costs for change and additional work. It means that thoughtful planning becomes a more important factor in reducing waste costs and achieving efficient production and good quality. A tool to achieve this is work preparation. Work preparation is a concept that, through planning, facilitates the performance of an activity. To achieve the desired result and quality, the choice of the performance method, workforce, materials, machines and other tools must be decided in good time before the work begins. The purpose of this graduate project is to make a status analysis of how Peab's work preparations are used in production. Identify errors or deficiencies and to investigate the possibility of streamlining. The objective is to get the work preparation more efficient and to suggest improvements. The study has been made in cooperation with Peab Region middle and the current building projects in Karlstad in spring 2017. It comprises a case study (on/at Talldungen preschool) and an interview study where site managers, supervisors and construction workers have been interviewed. The result shows that Peab has a structured work preparation and that the employees find the toolset useful. Working preparation clarifies requirements and any questions can be resolved before the start of the activity. During the preparation, the construction workers actively participate and can influence the choice of working methods, machines and tools. This results in a positive attitude and is perceived to provide better teamwork. One reoccurring problem is that time for work preparation is not prioritized, which means that the follow-up after a completed activity becomes insufficient and the documentation is often missing. Based on the conclusions drawn from the analysis, education, a bank of experience and also a drawing and instructional station are recommended as arrangements. Peab should be better at informing the employees about the available tools and should also be investing in developing the use of BIM.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur skidlärare upplever sitt arbete medarbetarnas betydelse i en framgångsrik organisation. Datainsamlingen bestod av nio semistrukturerade intervjuer, och ändamålsenligt urval tillämpades. Ett inklusionskriterium för att deltaga i studien var en anställning som skidlärare i företaget Trysilguidene AS. Data bearbetades och analyserades med tematisk analys. Fyra teman analyserades fram, dessa var Relatera till företagets värderingar, Omgivningen är betydelsefull, Bidra till en nöjd gäst och En rädsla av att inte passa in. Resultatet visade att för att prestera sitt yttersta är det viktigt med ett intresse för skidåkning samt att individens personlighet och dess värderingar går hand i hand med företagets. Vidare är de nära relationerna med de övriga medarbetarna i organisationen av stor betydelse. Utifrån denna studie verkar engagerade, motiverade och välmående medarbetare vara en viktig grund för framgångsrika organisationer. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how ski instructors experience their work. The survey was conducted with a qualitative method in the form of thematic analysis. The data collection consisted nine semistructured interviews, and.  appropriate selection was applied. An inclusion criterion for participation in the study was an employment as a ski instructor in Trysilguidene AS. Data was processed and analyzed with thematic analysis. Four themes were analyzed, these were Related to the company's values, The surroundings are meaningful, Contribute to a satisfied guest and A fear of not fit in. The result showed that in order to achieve its utmost it is important to have an interest in skiing and it is also important that the individual's personality and values go hand in hand with the company. Furthermore, the close relationships with the other employees in the organization are of great importance. Based on this study committed, motivated and prosperous employees appear to be an important foundation for successful organizations.

Abstract Background: Today, higher demands are placed on primary care to investigate, treat and follow up patients. Sweden has for a long time been hospital heavy and the government wants to control resources for primary care. The lack of district nurses causes that more registered nurses are employed in primary care. When staff with different levels of competence are employed in a workplace with the same tasks, can there be a difference in the psychosocial work environment. The purpose of the study was to describe and compare differences in the psychosocial work environment at and between district nurses and registered nurses. The method was a quantitative descriptive comparative cross-sectional study. Data were collected by the survey QPSNordic34 +. The survey was administered to 118 district nurses and registered nurses and answered by 57. The result showed significant differences in seven out of 37 questions about the psychosocial work environment between registered nurses and district nurses. The differences were in "workload", "influence decision", "encouragement", "working climate" and "management". The conclusion of this study showed that nurses and district nurses in primary care almost estimated their psychosocial work environment similar. The psychosocial work environment was assessed as good. However, nurses described lower support and encouragement from the management.

Bakgrund: Under 1980-talet introducerades begreppet New Public Management som lade grunden för att inom offentlig sektor styra verksamheter på ett nytt sätt, genom en styrning som tydligare ligger i linje med den privata sektorn. Tidigare studier har till stor del fokuserat på implementering och applicering av dessa styrformer, hur detta har påverkat den anställde har dock varit svårt att fastställa. Utifrån detta finns ett behov av att vidare undersöka hur offentligt anställda upplever sin nuvarande arbetssituation, främst med fokus på aspekter kopplade till motivation och psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att skapa förståelse för hur sjuksköterskor på svenska offentliga sjukhus upplever sin nuvarande arbetssituation. Metod: Detta är en kvalitativ flerfallstudie med ett fenomenologiskt vetenskapsperspektiv. Studien utgår från ett induktivt förhållningssätt och sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts för datainsamling. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av en fenomenologisk analys. Slutsats: Studien visar på en komplex bild av sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av sin arbetssituation där delaktighet och sammanhållning med kollegor leder till en positiv upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Negativa upplevelser av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön är främst kopplat till minskad kontroll i arbetssituationen. Studien visar även på att sjuksköterskorna motiveras av både inre och yttre motivationsfaktorer, vilket indikerar en motsättning till delar av tidigare teorier om hur offentligt anställda motiveras på arbetsplatsen. / Background: During the 1980’s, New Public Management was introduced as a new way of regulating the public sector, by managing more in line with private sector activities. Previous studies have primarily focused on the implementation and application of these control forms, but how this has affected the employees have so far been hard to ascertain. On this basis there is a need to investigate further how public sector employees experience their current working situation, with the main focus on aspects linked to motivation and psychosocial work environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to generate an understanding of how nurses at Swedish public hospitals perceive their current working situation. Methodology: This is a qualitative multiple case study using the scientific perspective of phenomenology. The study is based on an inductive approach and six semi-structured interviews have been used to collect data. The empirical data has been analysed through a phenomenological analysis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a complex view of the nurses’ perception of their working situation, where participation and unity with colleagues lead to a positive perception of the psychosocial work environment. The negative perception of the psychosocial work environment is mainly related to reduced control within the working situation. The study also shows that both inner and outer motivators motivate the nurses, which indicates a contradiction to parts of previous motivation theories regarding public sector employees.

The main objective of this thesis is to explore the use of total remuneration in selected manufacturing company and recommend proposals for improving the current system of remuneration. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with remuneration of employes, their motivation, employee benefits and total remuneration model. The practical part deals with the specific manufacturing company. The first part focuses on the characteristics of company and further development of individual indicators of the company. This is the number of employees, turnover, evolution of the share of personnel costs in total costs and evolution of labour productivity of added value. The second part focuses on the development of individual groups of total remuneration model. These are cash rewards, employee benefits, education and development and work environment. The last part is focused on determining the proposal for improvement of certain bonuses and determine the costs that the company had to incur. This part is mainly focused on improving basic wages and comparison the company to a group of firms in a given area. For comparison serves payroll and personnel costs per employee.