This study addresses the topic of class consciousness and the radical educator. Using the theory of revolutionary critical pedagogy and Marxist humanism I examine the impact of formative experience and class consciousness on my own radical praxis across three continents. The methodology of auto/biography is used to interrogate my own life history. I excavate my own formative experience in Scotland, Canada and my radical praxis as a human rights educator in Ghana West Africa. The study is particularly interested in the possibility of a radical educator transgressing across race, whiteness and gender while working in Ghana, West Africa. Chapter One begins by discussing the theory of revolutionary critical pedagogy, Marxist humanism and theories of the self. Chapter Two assesses the methodology of auto/biography,research methods and an introduction to formative experience. Chapter Three, Four and Five contain excavation sites from Scotland, Canada and Ghana with accompanying analysis. Chapter Six concludes with a summary of research findings.

This study addresses the topic of class consciousness and the radical educator. Using the theory of revolutionary critical pedagogy and Marxist humanism I examine the impact of formative experience and class consciousness on my own radical praxis across three continents. The methodology of auto/biography is used to interrogate my own life history. I excavate my own formative experience in Scotland, Canada and my radical praxis as a human rights educator in Ghana West Africa. The study is particularly interested in the possibility of a radical educator transgressing across race, whiteness and gender while working in Ghana, West Africa. Chapter One begins by discussing the theory of revolutionary critical pedagogy, Marxist humanism and theories of the self. Chapter Two assesses the methodology of auto/biography,research methods and an introduction to formative experience. Chapter Three, Four and Five contain excavation sites from Scotland, Canada and Ghana with accompanying analysis. Chapter Six concludes with a summary of research findings.

Autobiographical writing acquired increasing importance during the apartheid period, with greater numbers of autobiographical texts being published by a more representative range of South Africans across race, class and gender categories. This thesis analyzes the implications of shifts in autobiographical production, in English, during the years 1948-1994 through the examination of selected texts. The readings are informed by poststructuralism, modified by information about indigenous black South African cultural practices, as well as by input supplied by some of the autobiographical texts themselves. This theoretical approach may be referred to as a "pratique de metissage" (Glissant). The texts selected for close reading are from a field of over 120 autobiographical texts. They were chosen for their ability to illustrate important trends in South African autobiographical writing, specifically with regard to the three constituent parts of autobiography: autos, bios, and graphe. The chapter dealing with the depiction of self interrogates the hierarchized discourses of male-biased humanism in Roy Campbell's Light on a Dark Horse (1951). In Ellen Kuzwayo's Call Me Woman (1985) I analyze the melding of the conceptual frameworks of indigenous black cultures and Western individualism by which the autobiographical subject is defined. Breyten Breytenbach's The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (1984) is read as an exploration of the postmodernist decentred self. In the chapter focusing on the portrayal of life experiences, I examine the ways in which the narrator of Albert Luthuli's Let My People Go (1962) seeks to secure the reader's approval of his version of recent South African history; while the analysis of the sub-genre referred to here as worker autobiography is principally concerned with the politics of life-writing. In Chapter 5, I look at how Godfrey Moloi's My Life: Volume One (1987) uses the discourses of popular American movies of the 40s and 50s in order to validate a self victimized by racism, and also at the ways in which Lyndall Gordon's Shared Lives (1992) probes the limits and possibilities of biography through autobiographical speculation. In general, apartheid autobiography moves away from individualism to contribute, through various means, to social and political change. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.

The thesis concentrates on Hofors and a local trade union environment between 1917 and 1946, where important parts of the trade union’s power were held by parties to the left of the social democrats. The overall aim is to problemize and discuss the issue of what characterised and made possible this deviation from the usual picture of a trade union movement dominated by social democracy. What characterised the conditions in such a local trade union environment and to what extent can local norms and political culture be linked to the conditions and the development in the trade union movement in Hofors? The factors behind the radicalism in Hofors can be found in the local union and political context. The investigation points out the following main reasons: the left-wing local council of the Social Democratic Party and its successors’ organisational lead, the local labour council’s working method being close to what has been considered “social democratic”, their representatives being highly trusted in the local community, and the growth of a local radical tradition. The political culture and the norms that gradually developed were based on a left-wing social democratic tradition. The local council of the Social Democratic Party that left the party in 1917 to join the left-wing social democratic faction was the same local council, despite their names and change of parties in the 1920s and 1930s. It became the local labour movement’s bearer of traditions and represented the continuity in the local trade union environment, which contributed to the leftwing socialist project being long-lived in Hofors. The central aspects were the trade union work and the practical-concrete tradition that developed. Primarily through successful trade union work, the local labour council and its trade union representatives gained strong and long-term support from a large proportion of the local trade union movement’s members and the population of Hofors. Against this background it may be stated that, even though it was often impossible for the parties to the left of social democracy to maintain a local trade union and political power position that was stronger than that of the social democrats for a lengthy period of time, it was not entirely impossible. It may also be stated that for the trade union member as such, a communist or socialist party affiliation was not a real obstacle in the election of shop stewards. Their focus was primarily put on the would-be representatives’ personal qualities and ability to live up to the demands and expectations placed on them by the members, and not so much on their ideological persuasion.

This thesis looks at literature by two South Asian, diasporic writers, Jhumpa Lahiri and Monica Ali, as a space where creative, cross-­cultural and independent identities for diasporic women might be created. The central claim of the thesis is that diasporic migration affects South Asian women in particular ways. The most positive outcome is that these women adopt new trans-­border identities but that these remain shaped by class, culture and gender. Hence a working class milieu such as the one depicted by Monica Ali, leads to an immigrant, ghetto-­ised, community-­based identity, located solely in the land of adoption, with return or travel to the homeland no longer possible. However, the milieu imagined in Jhumpa Lahiri’s text, a middle-class, suburban environment, creates a solitary, transnational identity, lived between countries, where travel between the land of birth and the land of adoption remains accessible. / English / M.A. (English)

PINTO, Rodrigo Márcio Souza. Do Passeio Público à ferrovia: o futebol proletário em Fortaleza (1904-1945). 2007. 156 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-28T15:41:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_RMSPinto.pdf: 2383966 bytes, checksum: f7eef38082a5cf4f99c2aa8630efb476 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-06T16:45:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_RMSPinto.pdf: 2383966 bytes, checksum: f7eef38082a5cf4f99c2aa8630efb476 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-06T16:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_RMSPinto.pdf: 2383966 bytes, checksum: f7eef38082a5cf4f99c2aa8630efb476 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The work of the “Public Stroll to the explicit Railroad” the formation of the porting leisure around the ball for the workers of the Fortaleza city. We can observe as the subordinate classrooms if they had together with appropriated of the sport the elites. The places where the sport blossomed and yours specialty didn’t have so accented dichotomies that no long ago the memorialists had observed. The absorption of deriving players of the subordinate classrooms in the elitist teams is clear. The soccer as social leisure if spread between the diverse social classes. The thesis discloses strikes them social lived deeply for the workers, during the working changes implied by the New State. As the elites if related before 1930 with the workers who played soccer, and as they perceived this sport practiced for another social group. I could realize that after the “revolution of the 30” alterations in the relationship of the laboring leisure, mainly for the interference of the State. The text centralizes the look of the historian in the trajectory of construction of the teams of the Athletically Railroad worker Club. As others deriving clubs of workers, the railroad workers had promoted left in intention to construct an independent leisure. The beneficence of the railroad workers would be one of the first promoters of the associative soccer. This practical instigated by the president of the beneficence favored the sprouting of the Railroad worker 14 years later. The work culminates with the victory of the Athletically Railroad worker Club, in 1945, in the pertaining to Ceará state championship. The championship was promoted for the league formed by the teams from the elite. I called this fact a symbolic victory of the laboring classroom against the patronage exploration. / O trabalho do “Passeio Público à Ferrovia” explicita a formação do lazer desportivo em torno da bola pelos trabalhadores da cidade de Fortaleza. Podemos observar como as classes subalternas se apropriaram do esporte junto com as elites. Os lugares onde o esporte floresceu e suas espacialidades não possuíam dicotomias tão acentuadas que outrora os memorialistas observaram. É clara a absorção de jogadores oriundos das classes subalternas nos times elitistas. O futebol como lazer social se espalhou entre as diversas camadas sociais. A dissertação revela os embates sociais vivenciados pelos trabalhadores, durante as mudanças trabalhistas implicadas pelo Estado Novo. Como as elites se relacionavam antes de 1930 com os trabalhadores que jogavam futebol, e como eles percebiam esse esporte praticado por outro grupo social. Percebi posterior a “revolução de 30” as alterações no relacionamento do lazer operário, principalmente pela interferência do Estado. O texto centraliza o olhar do historiador na trajetória de construção do time do Ferroviário Atlético Clube. Como outros clubes oriundos de trabalhadores, os ferroviários promoveram partidas no intuito de construir um lazer independente. A beneficência dos ferroviários seria uma das primeiras promotoras do futebol associativo. Essa prática instigada pelo presidente da beneficência favoreceu o surgimento do Ferroviário 14 anos depois. O trabalho culmina com a vitória do Ferroviário Atlético Clube, em 1945, no campeonato cearense. O campeonato era promovido pela liga formada pelos times da elite. Eu chamei esse fato de uma vitória simbólica da classe operária contra a exploração do patronato.

Esta dissertação analisa as construções discursivas do trabalho livre e escravo na pela Mãe de José de Alencar publicada em 1860. A pesquisa foi predominantemente exploratória quanto ao seu objetivo, utilizou o método bibliográfico buscando nos textos de Marx, Engels, Freyre, Freitas, Fausto, Gorender, Costa, Ianni e outros autores o surgimento do trabalhador assalariado e indícios que levassem à compreensão sobre como se deu a passagem do trabalho escravo para o livre no Brasil do século XIX. A análise tem como corpus a pela Mãe, de José de Alencar, procurando levantar como o autor representa as relações de trabalho na segunda metade do século XIX e as possíveis inferências dessa representação. A partir da Análise Dialógica do Discurso (ADD), de Baktin e o Círculo, buscou-se compreender como são representadas no discurso literário teatral as relações entre senhores e escravos urbanos e entre as classes sociais que se reorganizam e os trabalhadores livres. Como resultado a pesquisa revelou como o autor inova ao trazer como protagonista uma escravizada durante a vigência da escravidão no país, mostrando que esta pode se colocar como uma trabalhadora livre, em suas falas, apesar de sua condição de escrava na pele e expõe no microcosmo da obra, como se constitui o trabalho escravo e livre na época. Mostra ainda o espanto diante da necessidade de mulheres pertencentes a estratos sociais mais favorecidos trabalharem. Alencar buscou construir em suas obras uma identidade para o país que se constituía, e denunciou as mazelas da escravidão em obras como Mãe e O Demônio Familiar (1857). Entretanto, a despeito de ter levado ao palco a escravidão, a invisibilidade dos escravos e seus descendentes permanece, ainda hoje, nos milhões de brasileiros negros e mulatos alijados de seus direitos. A pesquisa aponta a importância da redescoberta de obras como Mãe que mantém viva a memória da escravidão e que passados 129 anos de seu término oficial, seus efeitos ainda se fazem sentir, cabendo a cada brasileiro fazer uso de suas capacidades para escrever uma nova história para o trabalho neste país: trabalho livre e digno para cada habitante desta terra, independente da cor de sua pele ou condição social. / This dissertation analyses the discursive constructions of the free and enslaved work on José de Alencar’s play Mãe, published in 1860. The research was mainly exploratory when it came to its objectives and utilized the bibliographic method, searching on the texts of Marx, Engels, Freyre, Freitas, Fausto, Gorender, Costa, Ianni and other authors for the emergence of the salaried work and indications that led to comprehending how the transition from enslaved work to free work happened in Brazil in the XIX century. The analysis has as a corpus José de Alencar’s play Mãe, and it tries to raise how the author represents the work relations in the second half of the XIX century and the possible inferences of such representation. From Bakhtin and the Circle’s Dialogical Discourse Analysis (DDA), it is attempted to comprehend on the theatrical literary speech how it is represented the relations between master and slave and between the social classes that restructured themselves and the free workers. As a result, the research revealed how the author innovates by bringing as the main character a female slave, during the existence of slavery in the country, showing that she can be a free worker, in her lines, despite her condition of a slave on her skin and exposes on the work’s microcosm how it is constituted the free and enslaved work at the time. It also shows the astonishment before the need of higher-stratum-belonging women to work. Alencar attempted to build on his works an identity for the constituting country, and despite denouncing the badness of slavery on works such as Mãe e Demônio Familiar (1857), the invisibility of the slaves and their descendants remains in millions of black and mulatto Brazilians depleted from their rights. The research pointed out the importance of rediscovering works such as Mãe that do not allow us to forget that slavery happened and that 129 years since its official end, its effects are still felt, making it fitting that every Brazilian, making use of their own capacity, write a new history for work in this country: free and dignified work for every inhabitant in this land, independent of color of skin or social condition.

CAPES / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o imaginário de trabalhador ideal construído pelas revistas Cuide-se+ e Indústria em Revista, publicadas pela Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Paraná (FIEP). A pergunta que este trabalho se propõe a responder é a seguinte: como é representado o trabalhador e quais as características consideradas adequadas para realização do trabalho na indústria? A pergunta é colocada tendo-se em consideração as transformações na organização do trabalho ao longo do desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista e as exigências de controle sobre quem o realiza: a classe trabalhadora. Através da análise de conteúdo orientada pelo tema, conforme a proposta metodológica de Bardin (2011), buscou-se descrever e compreender os elementos que compõem as representações do que seja uma força de trabalho adequada na perspectiva da maior entidade associativa empresarial paranaense. Assim, por esta via de análise chegou-se a um conjunto de dados que caracterizam os trabalhadores em seus aspectos instrumentais, comportamentais e grupais e sociais. O aporte teórico possibilitou discutir estes dados como os reflexos das necessidades e interesses empresariais em desenvolver continuamente não apenas as tecnologias produtivas e as formas de organização do trabalho mas também as estratégias de controle da força de trabalho. Assim, percebe-se que as representações da força de trabalho adequada construídas pelos discursos da FIEP em suas revistas são as expressões ideológicas das exigências da organização do trabalho em sua forma mais atual. / This research aims to analyze the imaginary of ideal worker constructed by the magazines Cuide-se+ and Indústria em Revista, published by the Federation of Industries of the State of Paraná (FIEP). The question that this study proposes to answer is the following: how is the worker represented and what are the characteristics considered adequate to carry out the work in the industry? The question is posed taking into account the transformations in the organization of labor along the development of the capitalist mode of production and the demands of control over who realizes it: the working class. Through the content analysis oriented by theme, according to Bardin's methodological proposal (2011), we sought to describe and understand the elements that form the representations of what is a suitable workforce from the perspective of the largest corporate association of Paraná. Thus, through this route of analysis, we reached a set of data that characterize the workers in their instrumental, behavioral and group and social aspects. The theoretical contribution made it possible to discuss these data as the reflexes of capitalist needs and interests in continuously developing not only productive technologies and forms of work organization but also strategies of workforce control. Thus, it can be seen that the representations of the adequate workforce constructed by the FIEP discourses in their publications are the ideological expressions of the demands of the work organization in its most current form.

The interpretations of the war of 1835 and the identity of the Fingo that were presented by the English settlers, have remained the mainstays of all subsequent histories. They asserted that the war of 1835 was the fault purely of 'Kaffir' aggression, that it was controlled by Hintza, the paramount chief, and that the ensuing hostilities were justifiable colonial defence and punishment of the Africans. The arrival of the Fingo in the Colony, it was claimed, was unconnected with the war. It was alleged that the seventeen thousand Fingo brought into the Colony in May 1835 were all Natal refugees who had fled south from the devastations of Shaka and the 'mfecane', and who had then become oppressed by their Gca1eka hosts. Both of these 'histories' need to be inverted. The 'irruption' of December 1834 was not unprovoked Rharhabe aggression, but the final response to years of the advance of the Cape Colony. Large areas of Rharhabe land had been expropriated, and their cattle regularly raided. Their women and children had been seized and taken into the Colony as labourers. The attacks were carried out by only a section of the Rharhabe on specific areas in Albany. The damage caused, and stock taken, was vastly exaggerated by the colonists. The Cape Governor, D'Urban, and British troop reinforcements arrived in Albany in January, and the Rharhabe were invaded two months later. D'Urban later invaded the innocent Gcaleka, took cattle, wreaked havoc and killed Hintza after he refused to ally with the Colony. The Fingo made their appearance at this moment. They were not a homogenous group. There were four categories within the term: mission and refugee collaborators (who were given land at Peddie and had chiefs appointed), military auxiliaries, labourers, and later, destitute Rharhabe seeking employment in the Colony. Only a small minority of the total Fingo were from Natal. The majority of the Fingo appear to have been Rharhabe and Gcaleka women and children, captured by the troops during the war and distributed on farms in the eastern districts to ameliorate the chronic labour shortage. Thus, instead of the year 1835 being one of great loss for the eastern Cape, as claimed by the settler apologists, it was a catalyst to the economic development of the area. All Rharhabe land was seized, to be granted as settler farms. Well over sixty thousand Rharhabe and Gcaleka cattle were captured and distributed amongst the colonists. The security threat of the adjacent Rharhabe and the independent Gcaleka was removed. And a large colonial labour supply was ensured.

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la station balnéaire de Skegness et les vacances de la classe ouvrière en Grande Bretagne. Elle valide le déclin des stations balnéaires britanniques en tenant compte des expériences plurielles et des stratégies de régénération et de survie du tourisme balnéaire. Les deux premières parties de la thèse ont analysé le développement des vacances balnéaires, comme une alternative aux anciens loisirs, et démontré l’apparition de Skegness en tant que station balnéaire suite au changement des conditions socioéconomiques des ouvriers. Cette thèse a également détaillé comment Skegness a été promue comme une station balnéaire à l’époque en se focalisant sur le rôle joué par les compagnies ferroviaires dans la promotion de la station par le biais d’affiches et de publicité dans les journaux. L'étude du matériel promotionnel a démontré les changements dans l'image de la station balnéaire et le ton social annoncé dès les premières années de l'aménagement du village jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle. Cette étude a ensuite démontré que cette ville balnéaire a vu apparaître tous types de vacances de classes ouvrières, en particulier l’apparition des maisons de vacances (plotland), des camps de vacances et de caravanes. Dans ce contexte, les camps de vacances ont été étudiés comme un aspect de commercialisation des vacances de la classe ouvrière. Enfin, cette étude a abordé le déclin de Skegness et a démontré que le tourisme à l'étranger a eu un effet néfaste sur les stations balnéaires britanniques ainsi que la détérioration de l'infrastructure et les mauvaises stratégies de marketing. Dans ce contexte de déclin, il a été démontré que Skegness a réussi dans une certaine mesure à survivre en tant que destination privilégiée des familles de la classe ouvrière Anglaise. / This thesis is a study of the seaside resort of Skegness and the working class seaside holiday. It validates the onset of decline on British seaside resorts, but confirms the plurality of experiences and the varieties of the strategies of regeneration and survival. The first two parts of the thesis analyse the growth of the seaside holiday as an alternative to old leisure and the growth of Skegness as a seaside resort within the dynamics of changing leisure and changing socio-economic conditions of workers. A second theme, related to the growth of the Skegness resort, which is a major thrust of this thesis, is an analysis of the way Skegness was promoted as a seaside resort. It is argued in this context that the railway, in addition to bringing holidaymakers to the resort, played a pivotal role in the promotion of the resort, especially through posters and to a lesser extent newspaper publicity. The study of promotional materials seeks also to demonstrate the changes in the resort image and social tone from the early years of the resort development until the late twentieth century. This study also addresses the decline of Skegness as a domestic holiday destination. It argues that holidays abroad had a detrimental effect on British seaside resorts in addition to the homegrown factors like the deteriorating resort infrastructure and the poor marketing strategies. Against this background of decline, it is shown that Skegness, despite the alarming deprivation indicators, managed to a certain extent to survive as a working class family destination.