This thesis constitutes a sociological analysis of the establishment and operation of the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme in British Columbia. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, unemployment reached unsurpassed levels, when the dependent Canadian economy could not export its primary resources. Faced with a fiscal crisis, the Canadian state was unable to support the dramatically increased number of destitute. The position of B.C. was particularly serious due to its economic dependence upon the export of raw resources. Thousands of single unemployed men who had been employed in resource industries, and for whom no adequate relief provisions were available, congregated on the west coast and became increasingly militant in their demands for 'work and wages'. The radicalization of this group was perceived as a threat that was beyond the capacity of usual state social control mechanisms. As a result, the Canadian state was obliged to undertake exceptional, repressive measures to contain these unemployed. This was accomplished through the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme. Despite this extended state action, the dissident unemployed were not adequately suppressed, and the B.C. camps were characterized by a high level of militancy. The violent Regina Riot of July 1, 1935 served to break the momentum of the radical, single unemployed relief camp inmates. In 1936 the DND relief camp scheme was dismantled, and the single unemployed were dispersed. The DND relief camp scheme is examined in light of theories of the capitalist state and its role in society. It is concluded that the fiscal crisis of the 1930s rendered the Canadian state unable to mediate between the demands of the unemployed and the requirements of capital. The ensuing social crisis necessitated exceptional state coercion -- the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

M.A. (Politics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Em uma sociedade, onde a competitividade empresarial encontra-se acirrada e a força de trabalho tende a ser cada vez mais diversificada, na qual as mulheres ocupam importante espaço no mundo profissional, as organizações necessitam adotar estratégias que propiciem, além da lucratividade, um ambiente saudável que priorize o bem-estar das pessoas que delas fazem parte. Nesse contexto, a busca do equilíbrio entre o trabalho e a vida pessoal é uma questão a ser enfrentada por todas as empresas. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa teve por objetivo propiciar um entendimento sobre a atuação de algumas empresas do setor eletroeletrônico de Caxias do Sul em relação ao conflito trabalho-família que pode afetar as mulheres trabalhadoras. O método científico que norteou a pesquisa foi o fenomenológico proposto por Husserl, sendo que esta ocorreu em duas etapas. A primeira etapa da pesquisa foi de caráter exploratório e teve uma abordagem qualitativa. Portanto, voltou-se para a coleta de informações relativas às empresas através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a fim de verificar os seus posicionamentos quanto ao uso de práticas de suporte instrumental, visando minimizar o conflito trabalho-família, sendo a análise de conteúdo utilizada para esse fim. Na segunda etapa, foi utilizada a concepção descritiva da pesquisa, sendo a abordagem quantitativa. Nesta etapa, foi realizada a coleta de informações por parte das funcionárias, de forma a levantar o perfil sociodemográfico das mesmas e investigar a ocorrência do fenômeno conflito trabalho-família, utilizando-se o método de survey. A população foi composta por quatro empresas fabricantes de eletroeletrônicos de Caxias do Sul, e as amostras configuraram-se como não-probabilística por julgamento e probabilística do tipo amostragem estratificada proporcional. Como resultados, observou-se que as empresas estudadas adotam tais práticas, motivadas principalmente, pela busca de satisfação dos funcionários, redução dos índices de rotatividade e absenteísmo e aumento da produtividade. Identificou-se a ocorrência do conflito trabalho-família entre as funcionárias e um efeito positivo resultante do uso das práticas de suporte instrumental, contribuindo para minimizar esse fenômeno. / In a society, where the competitiveness of the enterprise is growing and the work force tends more to be each time diversified, in which the women occupy important space in the professional world, the organizations needs to adopt strategies that they propitiate, beyond the profitability, a healthful environment that prioritizes well-being of the people who of them are part. In this context, the search of balance between work and personal life is a question to be faced by all the companies. Therefore, this research had for objective to propitiate an understanding on the performance of some companies of the electric appliances sector of Caxias do Sul in relation with the conflict work-family which can affect the feminine workforce. The scientific method that guided the research was phenomenological, as proposed by Husserl, and occurred in two stages. The first stage of the research had an exploratory character and had a qualitative approach. It was realized data collection on the companies through half-structuralized interviews in order to verify their positioning on the use of practical of instrumental support, aiming at minimizing the conflict work-family. In the second stage of the research was used a descriptive conception of the research through a quantitative approach. In this stage, a collection of information on the part of the employees was carried through, in a way to raise their socio-demographic profile and to investigate the occurrence of the work-family conflict phenomenon, using the survey method. The population is composed of four companies which manufacture electric appliances of Caxias do Sul and the samples were configured as non judgment probability and proportional stratified probabilistic sample. As results, it was observed that the studied companies adopt practices motivated mainly by the search of satisfaction for their employees, the reduction of the rotativity and absenteeism indices and the increase in productivity. Occurrence of the conflict work-family was identified between the employees and a positive effect resulting of the use of the practices of instrumental support contributed to minimize this phenomenon.

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Sällsynta, vanliga kvinnor - Genremåleriets skildringar som kunskapskälla kring 1700-talets arbetande kvinnor i Sverige. The aim of this essay is to study whether genre paintings portraying lower and middle class women in the 18th century Sweden can act as a source of information and knowledge regarding these women ́s types of work and way of life and if so, what in the the motives can be used as a source of information and thus contribute to traditional historical research. The essay focuses on Sweden and the years between 1770 - 1810 since this was a time of rapid political, economic and cultural development which all effected the art market. These years were also the productive years of the artist Pehr Hilleström who was the most formative contributor to Swedish genre painting at the time. In this essay three motives have been analysed with attention to repertoires of work, ways of performing work and social hierarchies within work among the portrayed women. Research on aspects of economic history, material culture, work, family and gender, dress history as well as pictures as historical evidence puts the depicted women in relation to their context. The conclusion is that with knowledge of the time period and culture, special knowledge of what is displayed and thereby the adequate ability to critically evaluate the source indeed makes genre painting a useful source of information. / Sällsynta, vanliga kvinnor - Genremåleriets skildringar som kunskapskälla kring 1700-talets arbetande kvinnor i Sverige. Uppsatsen fokuserar på perioden 1770-1810 och det som då var Sverige eftersom samhälle och kultur utvecklades snabbt under denna tid vilket gynnade konstmarknaden och en ny typ av motiv då blev populärt - genremotiv. Uppsatsen undersöker om dessa kan användas som källa till kunskap och i så fall vad i motiven som kan utgöra detta. Tre motiv målade av Pehr Hilleström under den aktuella perioden valdes ut för verksanalyser. I motiven föreställande kvinnor ur ett lägre samhällsskikt och som utför någon typ av hushållsrelaterat arbete undersöks om kunskap och information kring dessa kvinnor och deras arbetsliv kan erhållas. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att med tillräcklig kunskap om aktuell tid och kontext, rätt specialkunskaper kring vad som avbildas i form av föremål, interiörer och klädedräkt samt adekvat källkritik så kan genremotiv användas som en källa till information och kunskap.

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This thesis lays focus on the Young Socialist Movement (ungsocialisterna) and their mobilisation in Stockholm between 1903 and 1910. In line with social movement research the theoretical concepts of mobilisation structure and resource mobilisation are used to examine the Young Socialists local clubs mobilisation and its prerequisites. The results show that the mobilisation structure of the Young Socialists in Stockholm was characterised by a fragmented organisational framework, wherein local clubs operated independently. This underscored the importance of the groups social network in their mobilising efforts and collaboration between the clubs. The ideological stance was ambiguous, and various radical ideas influenced the mobilisation structure of the group. Due to a lack of tangible resources, human and intangible resources played an essential role in the Young Socialists mobilisation efforts. Over time the decentralised organisational structures and diverse ideological affiliations came to hinder the Young Socialists effectiveness in mobilising towards their goal: the socialist revolution. This study sheds light on the practices and mobilising process of an often overlooked group that was highly influential in shaping the early labour movement in Sweden. It also underscores the importance of a unified mobilisation structure for social movements.