Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1978. / Typewritten.

Sammanfattning En utmaning för många kommuner i dagens digitala samhälle är att skapa effektiva och samhällsnyttiga e-tjänster för medborgare. Dessa e-tjänster skall förenkla kommunikationen mellan kommun och medborgare men också bidra till mer öppnare förvaltningar i kommunerna. För att göra detta behöver först en utveckling och förankring ske internt hos förvaltningarna i kommunen. För att åstadkomma denna utveckling av e-tjänster kan ett processorienterat arbetssätt användas. Processorientering innebär att man upprättar effektiva processer internt genom att optimera och utveckla sin egen verksamhet. Detta görs genom processmodellering där man identifierar alla de aktiviteter som finns i verksamheten och sätter in dem i ett samband för att i slutändan kunna få ut ett högre värde och bättre service för medborgaren. Att verksamhetsutveckla och att tänka i processer är inget nytt men att automatisera detta tänk kan vara en utmaning för många kommuner, en utmaning som skall resultera i kompetenta e-tjänster. Uppsatsen grundar sig i en kvalitativ studie där syftet är att kartlägga betydande konsekvenser av att en kommun använder sig av processorienterad e-tjänsteutveckling. Vi har genom en fallstudie intervjuat ett flertal medarbetare på en kommun för att få fram dessa konsekvenser. Perspektiven som har studerats är hur den interna verksamheten påverkas som helhet och hur dess medarbetare berörs. Tillsammans med den empiriska basen (i form av fallstudie, intervjuer och dokumentstudier) återfinns även en teoretisk referensram som vi knutit an till och därmed kunnat komma fram till en slutsats. Kommunen som har studerats bedriver sin processorientering genom att arbeta efter en viss metodik som innebär att processmodellörer och representanter från olika förvaltningar möts i workshopsbaserade sittningar. Deras uppgift är att tillsammans ta fram verksamhetens och medborgarnas krav och behov som sedan skall resultera i stringenta och digitaliserade processer. I och med denna metodik har många konsekvenser kunnat identifieras. Huvudsakliga vinster som kan uppstå när man sätter verksamhet och medarbetare i fokus är dels att man långsiktigare kan få en mer flexibel och slagkraftigare verksamhet som både förbättrar arbetsmetoder och ökar delaktighet hos medarbetare. I slutändan skall medarbetarna själva utveckla sin verksamhet och därmed kan man enklare påverka sin egen arbetssituation och ständigt sträva efter förbättringar. Detta i sin tur kan leda till en mer kundorienterad kommunal verksamhet där konsekvenser av att arbeta med processorientering leder till en god bas för kommande utveckling av e-tjänster. Dock är det viktigt att tänka på att engagemang är en viktig faktor för framgång. För långa och för många workshops kan leda till negativitet som i sin tur kan minska detta engagemang. Därmed kan det sluta med att man får dåliga processer som varken ger förhöjd nytta till medborgare eller mot den interna verksamheten. Får man till en god mobilisering och organisatorisk förberedelse för att utveckla e-tjänster ger vi som förslag att man behöver tänka på efterdokumentering och utvärdering, något som kan vara till stor hjälp för andra kommuner som vill utöva intern processorientering. Delad kunskap ger ökad kunskap och blir därmed en viktig pusselbit i ansatsen att få hållbara och livskraftiga processer som genererar samhällsnyttiga e-tjänster. / Abstract A challenge for many municipalities in today's digital society is to create effective and societal useful e-services for citizens. These e-services are to facilitate communication between the municipality and citizens but also to contribute to more open government in the municipalities. To accomplish this, the municipalities first need to develop and secure the internal administrations. To achieve this development of e-services, a process-oriented approach can be used. Process orientation means that you set up efficient processes internally to optimize and develop their own activities. This is done through process modeling, identifying all the activities available in the business and put them in a relationship that ultimately will generate a higher value and better service for citizens. To develop the business and to think in processes is not new, but to automate this thinking can be a challenge for many municipalities, a challenge that will result in qualified e-services. The essay is based on a qualitative study that aims to identify significant implications that a municipality can get when using process-oriented e-service development. Through a case study we have interviewed several employees of a municipality to produce these implications. The approaches that have been studied are how the internal operations are affected as a whole and how its employees are affected. In addition to the empirical base (in the form of case studies, interviews and document studies) we have linked a theoretical framework and thus have been able to come to a conclusion. The municipality that has been studied conducts its process orientation by working with a specific methodology, which means that process modelers and representatives from various administrations meet in workshop-based sessions. Their task is to jointly develop the business and the citizens' demands and needs which will then result in stringent and digitized processes. With this methodology many implications has been identified. The main benefits that can arise when you put the business operations and employees in focus is partly that in the longer term you can have a more flexible and stronger organization, activities that both enhance working practices and increase participation among employees. In the end, the employees themselves develop their activities and thus can more easily influence their own work situation and constantly strive for improvement. This in turn can lead to a more customer-oriented business where the implications of working with process orientation lead to a good base for future development of e-services. However, it is important to note that involvement is a critical success factor. Too long and too many workshops can lead to negativity, which in turn may reduce this commitment. This may lead to that you can get bad processes that do not provide increased benefits to citizens or to the internal operations. I you get a good mobilization and organizational preparation for the development of e-services we provide as suggestions that it is important to think about documentation and evaluation of the project. This in turn could be of great assistance to other municipalities who wish to pursue internal process orientation. Shared knowledge equals increased knowledge and thus becomes an important factor in the approach to sustainable and dynamic processes that generate societal and useful e-services.

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På vilka sätt kan kartor hjälpa oss i dagens samhälle? De flesta av oss har tillgång till en karta med GPS när som helst, i våra telefoner. Behöver vi kartan i vårt dagliga liv på andra sätt än genom denna (ganska) exakta positionering? Det är några av frågorna som ställs i detta examensarbete, där kartan undersöks som metod och byggare av kunskap. I detta arbete har mitt intresse för kartor slagits samman med ett hantverksnära arbetssätt. Undersökningarna präglas också av nyfikenhet och formexperimenten genomförs i material som textil, sand och papper. Genom dessa experiment försöker jag vidga vår bild av hur en karta ska se ut. Kartornas språk och teorier undersöks för att kunna befästa kartan som en relevant metod. Under processen ligger själva byggandet av kunskap i fokus, så väl som att visa på att vi alla kan göra våra egna kartor. Undersökningen avslutas med en gestaltning där jag ger mottagaren en chans att ta del i och medverka i arbetet i form av en kartografisk verkstad. Genom kartor kan vi skaffa oss en ökad kunskap och förståelse om vår omvärld och oss själva, som kan leda till ett mer hållbart samhälle. / In this project my interest in maps has merged with a craftsmanlike approach. I try to broaden our view of what a map should look like and to confirm the methodological relevance of maps. The study includes form experiments in materials like textiles, sand and paper. Knowledge building is in focus during the process, as well as demonstrating that we can all make our own maps. The project concludes with a visualization where the recipient is given the chance of contributing to the work in the form of a cartography workshop. It is my belief that maps can increase our knowledge and understanding of the surrounding world as well as of ourselves, which may lead towards a more sustainable society.

On-line writing workshops provide educational spaces within which aspiring writers can learn their craft. In order to understand the dialogic mechanisms behind that learning, this thesis examines ways in which one workshop, the Internet Writing Workshop (IWW), functions as a Freireian culture circle. The exegesis identifies several key characteristics that defined Paulo Freire's concept of the culture circle. It compares these characteristics with the structure and practice of interaction within the IWW. It unpacks some of Freire's ideas about dialogue as a means of achieving critical consciousness, and compares them to current learning theory and the ways in which dialogue takes place within the IWW community. The exegesis also examines some of the political axioms behind Freire's pedagogy, and examines ways in which the IWW community might be viewed as emancipatory or liberatory. I examine these areas in light of the development of a novel, Suicide Girls. The second draft of this novel was influenced and informed by my participant-observation of the IWW. This working draft of the novel is provided as a process document to demonstrate findings made in the exegesis and is annotated to reflect relevant process and development issues.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a proposição do hipertexto didático sobre poéticas cênicas contemporâneas como ponto de partida em processos de aprendizagem e de criação do teatro, utilizando como principal aporte metodológico a abordagem da pesquisaação fundamentada por Michel Thiollent. A revisão bibliográfica resultou na elaboração de um hipertexto didático (MARTINS, 2006), a ser publicado na internet, sobre o Teatro da Vertigem (São Paulo), produzindo um material hipertextual e multimodal para uso pedagógico, que articula textos teóricos, análises críticas, registros de espetáculos e processos, depoimentos dos artistas, descrição e análise de procedimentos de criação e fragmentos de dramaturgia. A realização e a análise de dois experimentos de aprendizagem e encenação realizados na cidade de Campo Limpo Paulista (SP), com um grupo de iniciantes em teatro e outro formado por atores amadores na faixa etária de 18 a 42 anos, permitiu a sistematização de princípios e procedimentos metodológicos de ensino e aprendizagem do teatro contemporâneo. O jogo teatral a partir de modelos estéticos (KOUDELA, RYNGAERT, PUPO, MARTINS) e procedimentos da abordagem colaborativa desenvolvida por ARAÚJO, são os eixos norteadores das práticas de criação propostas nos experimentos realizados a partir do hipertexto didático criado pelo coordenador e ampliado pelos participantes. A seleção das referências teóricas se deu a partir da perspectiva de teóricos do teatro contemporâneo como LEHMANN, FERRAL, FERNANDES, ARAÚJO, PAVIS e SARRAZAC. Os resultados obtidos poderão contribuir para o debate acerca de abordagens metodológicas que integrem estudos teóricos e históricos com práticas colaborativas de criação da cena e que possam interessar para professores, coordenadores de oficinas e encenadores envolvidos na reflexão a cerca dos processos de aprendizagem e criação da cena contemporânea. / This work investigates the proposition of hypertext courseware on contemporary scenic poetic elements as a starting point for theater creation and learning processes, having primarily relied, as a methodological input, on Michel Thiollent\'s action-research approach. The bibliographical review has resulted in hypertext courseware (MARTINS, 2006), to be published on the internet, about Teatro da Vertigem (São Paulo), having thus generated a multimode, hypertext material for educational use, which puts together theoretical texts, critical reviews, records of spectacles and processes, testimonials of artists, a description and analysis of creation processes and procedures, and figments of theater practice. The conduction and analysis of two learning and staging experiments held in the city of Campo Limpo Paulista (São Paulo, Brazil), comprising a group of theater novices and another group made up of amateur actors aged 18 to 42, allowed me to systematize some learning principles and methodologies of the contemporary theater. The theater game based on esthetic frameworks (KOUDELA, RYNGAERT, PUPO, MARTINS) as well as on collaborative approach procedures devised by ARAÚJO are the guiding pillars for the creation practices proposed during the experiments based on the educational hypertext as devised by the coordinator and further expanded by the players. Selection of theoretical references has drawn on such contemporary theater theorists as LEHMANN, FERRAL, FERNANDES, ARAÚJO, PAVIS, and SARRAZAC. The results may contribute to debates over the methodological approaches that bring together theoretical and historical studies, on one part, and collaborative staging practices, which might be useful for teachers, workshop coordinators and stage directors involving in a reflection over the contemporary theater creation and learning processes.

Während der Erarbeitung möglicher Handlungsoptionen zur Reduzierung des Flächenverbrauchs gedieh schnell der Gedanke, in einem Weiterbildungsworkshop mit den Akteuren der Region die Möglichkeiten der und die Anforderungen an eine Rücknahme von Baurechten zu diskutieren. Zugleich können mit der Befristung von Baurechten sowie Zwischennutzungen von Flächen insbesondere für städtebaulich sensible Flächen Lösungen angeboten werden, welche ebenfalls einen Beitrag zum Ziel der Reduzierung der Flächen(neu)inanspruchnahme leisten können. Diese Möglichkeiten wurden im Rahmen des Weiterbildungsworkshops \'Rücknahme von Baurechten\' des Forschungsverbundes KoReMi am 19. März 2010 in Leipzig diskutiert. Der vorliegende Band 10 der Schriftenreihe des Forschungsverbundes KoReMi stellt die Zusammenfassung der Veranstaltung dar. Mit der Verschriftlichung der Vorträge und Diskussionen möchte der Forschungsverbund die interessierte Öffentlichkeit für die Problematik und möglichen Strategien und Lösungsansätze der Rücknahme und Befristung von Baurechten sowie der Option der Zwischennutzung sensibilisieren.

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Since 2007, PhD students of the DFG Research Training Groups (RTGs) and other doctoral student programs in computer science have been meeting annually for networking and knowledge exchange purposes at Schloss Dagstuhl. This year’s meeting is organized in cooperation by RTG 1907 RoSI – Role-based Software Infrastructures for continuous-context- sensitive Systems and RTG 1780 Crossworlds – Connecting Virtual and Real Social Worlds and takes place at the Research Center of Schloss Dagstuhl from May 22 to 25. This book includes abstracts of the PhD research areas of all computer science related RTG graduate students and associated doctoral programs and provides an insight into current research trends in Germany. / Seit 2007 treffen sich die Promotionsstudenten der DFG-Graduiertenkollegs und anderer Promotionsprogramme der Informatik jährlich auf Schloss Dagstuhl, um den akademischen Diskurs zu fördern und neue Kontakte zu knüpfen. Dieses Jahr wurde die Tagung gemeinsam von GRK 1907 RoSI – Role-based Software Infrastructures for continuous-context- sensitive Systems und GRK 1780 Crossworlds – Connecting Virtual and Real Social Worlds vorbereitet und organisiert. Sie findet im Zeitraum 22.5. – 25.5.2016 im Forschungszentrum auf Schloss Dagstuhl statt. Dieser Tagungsband enthält die Abstracts der beteiligten Promotionsstudenten aller Graduiertenkollegs aus dem Fachbereich Informatik und anderer assoziierter Promotionsprogramme und gibt Einblick in die aktuellen Forschungstrends in Deutschland.

To create throughout circular product-service systems (PSS), Circular Design needs to combine methods from life-cycle-thinking, planetary stakeholder analysis as well as user-centric business design. To oversee this complexity ‘zooming in’ (micro level) on specific attributes of a PSS has to alternate with ‘zooming out’ (macro level) to understand the systemic effects of envisioned changes – e. g. undesired consequences or the interdependencies between network partners. In two consecutive projects (www.ecodesigncircle.eu) TU Berlin, Fraunhofer IZM and Design Centres in the Baltic Sea Region developed circular design processes and methods that integrate above mentioned requirements (www.circu-lardesign.tools). Those methods evolved into three formats which support companies in developing sustainable products and services by de-sign: EcoDesign Audit assesses the circular maturity and strategic goals of organizations, EcoDesign Sprint helps companies develop a sustainable product or service concept and EcoDesign Learning Factory interactively teaches how to eco-design. The methods were tested in an iterative pro-cess in over 30 interdisciplinary trainings with designers, engineers and business managers. They are already applied with industry clients. In approximately 35 (online) design trainings we trained more than 350 international professionals working at SMEs, industry, design agencies and consultancies.