Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T12:27:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO DA SILVA GALLET.pdf: 1982736 bytes, checksum: d1ffb496444286bd49dddcb131e654ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T12:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO DA SILVA GALLET.pdf: 1982736 bytes, checksum: d1ffb496444286bd49dddcb131e654ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / This research investigates how Math and Science textbooks from 4th and 5th years of Elementary School address interdisciplinary study between these two subjects. It aims to identify whether and how interdisciplinary proposals are implemented using what nowadays are inside these materials. We show theoretical aspects that bring interdisciplinary concept and reflect about the textbooks importance as a teaching support inside classroom, within a perspective that students who learn through textbook scan have different dimensions? approaches that pervade their historical and cultural nature. The methodology used was documental analysis of some selected works, as four Math and Science textbooks from 4th and 5th year of elementary school - two collections of each subject -, with also theoretical background on interdisciplinary studies for Math and Science teaching. Interdisciplinary method is a term still under construction, which deserves further studies. There are paradigmatic barriers that still make school education persisting in strict disciplinary model, fragmented and decontextualized. As research results, we bring that educational resources such as textbooks can break this actual model, but also can establish disciplinary strictness. Our textbooks analysis, those most widely distributed in 2016 at national level also showed a weak action on interdisciplinary approaches for Math and Science subjects, both in the collections of one and other contents. We also identified predominance of certain themes and few information about others, in interdisciplinary moments analyzed such as, for example, themes related to the environment. In the Teacher Manuals presented at the end of each work, we find a theoretical fragility related to interdisciplinary study, as well as a divergence of interdisciplinary approach between works by different authors, but from the same publisher. Finally, we consider interdisciplinary study must contemplate, rather than theories and terminologies, a paradigmatic transformation that respects its historical and dialectical movement, encompassing all subjects involved in the teaching-learning process: teachers, students, parents, editors and textbooks writers, textbooks evaluators, teacher trainers, among many others. / A presente pesquisa busca investigar como livros did?ticos de Matem?tica e Ci?ncias dos 4? e 5? anos do Ensino Fundamental abordam a interdisciplinaridade entre essas duas disciplinas. Tem por objetivo identificar se e como s?o tratadas propostas interdisciplinares que se fazem presentes no conte?do desse material. Apresentamos aspectos te?ricos que tratam o conceito de interdisciplinaridade e a reflex?o relacionada ? import?ncia do livro did?tico como suporte de ensino na sala de aula, dentro de uma perspectiva que compreende o aluno que aprende por meio do livro did?tico, como um ser integrado por diferentes dimens?es que perpassam sua natureza hist?rica e cultural. A metodologia utilizada foi a da an?lise documental das obras selecionadas, ou seja, quatro livros did?ticos de Matem?tica e Ci?ncias, do 4? e 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental ? duas cole??es de cada disciplina ?, tendo por embasamento te?rico estudos referentes ? interdisciplinaridade, livro did?tico, ensino de Matem?tica e ensino de Ci?ncias. A interdisciplinaridade ? um termo ainda em constru??o, que merece maiores estudos. H? barreiras paradigm?ticas que fazem com que o ensino escolar persista em um modelo disciplinar rigoroso, fragmentado e descontextualizado. Por resultados indicamos que recursos de ensino como o livro did?tico podem tanto favorecer com um rompimento para com esse modelo, quanto firmar a rigidez disciplinar. Nossas an?lises dos livros did?ticos, aqueles mais distribu?dos no ano de 2016 a n?vel nacional, evidenciaram ainda uma fr?gil a??o em rela??o ao tratamento interdisciplinar nas disciplinas de Ci?ncias e Matem?tica, tanto nas cole??es de um quanto de outro conte?do. Identificamos tamb?m a predomin?ncia de certas tem?ticas em detrimento de outras, nos momentos interdisciplinares analisados como, por exemplo, tem?ticas ligadas ao meio ambiente. Nos Manuais do Professor que est?o presentes ao final de cada obra encontramos uma fragilidade te?rica relacionada ? interdisciplinaridade, al?m de diverg?ncia de tratamento da interdisciplinaridade entre obras de autores diferentes, mas da mesma editora. Por fim, consideramos que para ser poss?vel a interdisciplinaridade ? preciso considerar, mais que teorias e terminologias, uma transforma??o paradigm?tica, que respeite seu movimento hist?rico e dial?tico, englobando todos os sujeitos que est?o envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem escolar: professores, alunos, pais e respons?veis, gestores, editores e escritores de livros did?ticos, avaliadores dos livros did?ticos, formadores de professores, dentre muitos outros.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Maria Martins Chiacchio.pdf: 1314427 bytes, checksum: 2d531d5e0d72c71a16c38fbd5ed3210f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / We analyze the proposals for initial reading instruction and literacy in educational policy, with emphasis on its implications in Minas Gerais, and with special interest on continuing education of teachers of early literacy of elementary school of nine years. It is qualitative research, based mainly on the works of Magda Soares, Sergio Leite, Angela Kleiman and on the cultural and historical approach of Vygotsky, of the meetings of continued education, seeks to analyze the proposed conceptual instrumentalization and techniques of teachers' works in a public school of Minas Gerais. We use as procedures the documentary analysis and participative observation in these meetings, aiming to understand the problems investigated, which refers to the concepts of the teachers initial reading instruction and literacy of children and the ways that they discuss them and seek to put them into practice. With the analysis of empirical data, it was possible to identify the place intended to materials provided by the State Department of Education of Minas Gerais to support pedagogical practices (the Journals of the Center for initial reading instruction and Literacy at the Federal University of Minas Gerais - Ceale / UFMG - and the material produced for Educational Intervention Program-PIP), as well as the concepts of the participants of the meetings initial reading instruction and Literacy. The results of this survey indicate the need to structure and reflect on the possibility of collective work in school, contribute to the development of teachers and organize teaching practices more robust and consistent with theoretical reflections. This organization can encouraging the resolution of some trends in the context of teacher training meetings: as the timid approach of materials provided and the contradictions, evident in the conceptions initial reading instruction and Literacy explained by teachers, these issues deserve to be problematized. We intend with this work to contribute in the reflections on alphabetization and literacy of teachers in early years of elementary school and expand them to the processes of deployment and implementation of common policy. / Este trabalho aborda as propostas de alfabetiza??o e letramento nas pol?ticas educacionais, com ?nfase nos seus desdobramentos em Minas Gerais, e com especial interesse na forma??o continuada de professoras alfabetizadores dos primeiros do Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada principalmente nos trabalhos de Magda Soares, S?rgio Leite, ?ngela Kleiman e na abordagem hist?rico-cultural de Vigotski em que, atrav?s do acompanhamento das reuni?es de M?dulo II, de forma??o continuada, busca-se analisar as propostas de instrumentaliza??o conceitual e t?cnica do trabalho das docentes de uma escola estadual mineira. Utilizamos como procedimentos a an?lise documental e a observa??o participante nestas reuni?es, buscando compreender a problem?tica investigada, que se refere ?s concep??es de alfabetiza??o e letramento das professoras de crian?as na fase inicial de alfabetiza??o e ?s formas pelas quais elas discutem-nas e buscam coloc?-las em pr?tica. Com as an?lises do material emp?rico, foi poss?vel identificar o lugar destinado aos materiais fornecidos pela Secretaria do Estado de Educa??o de Minas Gerais para fundamentar as pr?ticas pedag?gicas (os Cadernos do Centro de Alfabetiza??o e Letramento da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-Ceale/UFMG- e o material produzido para o programa de Interven??o Pedag?gica- PIP), bem como as concep??es das participantes das reuni?es sobre alfabetiza??o e letramento. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam a necessidade de se estruturar e refletir sobre a possibilidade do trabalho coletivo na escola, contribuir com o desenvolvimento dos docentes e organizar pr?ticas pedag?gicas mais consistentes e coerentes com as reflex?es te?ricas. Esta organiza??o pode favorecer a supera??o de certas tend?ncias observadas no contexto das reuni?es de forma??o docente: como a t?mida abordagem dos materiais disponibilizados e das contradi??es evidenciadas nas concep??es de alfabetiza??o e letramento explicitadas pelas docentes, quest?es estas que merecem ser problematizadas. Pretende-se com este trabalho contribuir para reflex?es sobre alfabetiza??o e letramento de professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e expandi-las para os processos de implanta??o e implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Cristina Fonseca.pdf: 1411916 bytes, checksum: 430c126b2ad1fac0272c3fa9e10e205c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-04 / This study aims to analyze and understand the pedagogical practices of early childhood education related to the development of mathematical concepts to children five years of a municipal public school Campinas and reflections and approximations of these practices in the 1st year of elementary school . We present first a theoretical approach on child development , conceptions of childhood and play. Also our studies on mathematics in early childhood and the difficulties encountered in working on mathematical literacy and inclusion of meaningful activities that allow the construction of the concept of number by children . This study attempts to print meaning to the knowledge needed for school children , in the relations of learning mathematical concepts and implications for the continuity of the same in the early years of elementary school. Participated as research subjects a teacher Cluster III Childhood Education and her students , a teacher of 1st year of elementary school and curriculum coordinator of the Municipal Education Campinas . Observed episodes of the work of a group of cluster III School of Early Childhood Education . The research problem thus announces : How knowledge / knowledge related to mathematics are developed in early childhood education rooms and how they are perceived by elementary school teachers ? The methodology was qualitative , which were used as methodological resources : 1 ) interviews about the participants' understanding of the work with mathematics in kindergarten , about the contributions of this work for the students of 1st year of elementary school and prospects that such work offers classes for 1st year . ; 2 ) observations of episodes of work with mathematics classroom grouping III . The analysis is given from three categories : Working with mathematics in kindergarten - conceptualization and planning ; Playing in Early Childhood Education - contributions to literacy ; Initial and continuing the teachers of kindergarten and the early years of elementary school - the challenges of mathematics . As a result of this investigation it is possible to say that the actions developed in early childhood education , specifically those related to mathematics , are still poorly considered in the work of the early years of elementary school and that there is still a lot to make efforts with regard to training teachers of kindergarten and the early years of elementary school in order to better prepare them to work with mathematics in these stages of basic education. / Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar e compreender as pr?ticas pedag?gicas da educa??o infantil relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de conceitos matem?ticos com crian?as de cinco anos de uma escola publica municipal de Campinas e os reflexos e aproxima??es dessas pr?ticas no 1? ano do Ensino Fundamental. Apresentamos inicialmente uma revis?o te?rica da abordagem sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, as concep??es de inf?ncia e do brincar. Tamb?m nossos estudos sobre ? matem?tica na inf?ncia e as dificuldades encontradas no trabalho relacionado ao letramento matem?tico e ? inser??o de atividades significativas que possibilitem a constru??o do conceito de n?mero pelas crian?as. Este trabalho buscou imprimir significado aos saberes necess?rios para a escolariza??o infantil, nas rela??es de aprendizagem de conceitos matem?ticos e as implica??es para a continuidade do mesmo nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Participaram como sujeitos da pesquisa uma professora de Agrupamento III da Educa??o Infantil e seus alunos, uma professora de 1? ano do Ensino Fundamental e o coordenador de Curr?culo da Secretaria Municipal de Educa??o de Campinas. Observamos epis?dios dos trabalhos de uma turma de agrupamento III da escola de Educa??o Infantil. O problema de pesquisa assim se anuncia: Como os conhecimentos/saberes relacionados ? matem?tica s?o desenvolvidos em salas de Educa??o Infantil e de que maneira s?o considerados pelos professores do Ensino Fundamental? A metodologia utilizada foi de car?ter qualitativo, onde foram utilizados, como recursos metodol?gicos: 1) entrevistas a respeito da compreens?o dos participantes sobre o trabalho com a matem?tica na Educa??o Infantil; sobre as contribui??es desse trabalho para os alunos do 1? ano do Ensino Fundamental e as perspectivas que tal trabalho oferece para as turmas de 1? ano.; 2) observa??es de epis?dios de trabalho com a matem?tica em sala de agrupamento III. As an?lises se deram a partir de tr?s categorias: O trabalho com matem?tica na Educa??o Infantil concep??es e planejamento; O brincar na Educa??o Infantil contribui??es para a alfabetiza??o; Forma??o inicial e continuada das professoras da Educa??o Infantil e anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental- os desafios da matem?tica. Como resultados desta investiga??o ? poss?vel dizer que as a??es desenvolvidas na Educa??o Infantil, de maneira espec?fica aquelas relacionadas ? matem?tica, ainda s?o pouco consideradas no trabalho dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e que h? ainda muito o que empreender esfor?os no que se refere ? forma??o de professores da Educa??o Infantil e dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no sentido de melhor prepara-los para atuar com a matem?tica nestas etapas da educa??o b?sica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lauro Araujo Mota.pdf: 3184997 bytes, checksum: db8e3fa3195313d7638a86c3efe44e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-09 / The Program Read and Write currently installed in the whole education system of the State and the city of Sao Paulo was organized and structured with the objective of reversing the low indicators of school learning related to reading and writing, and the high rates of dropout and repetition present in the paulista system teaching up to the mid years of 2000s.As the focus of the Program Read and Write are the skills of reading and writing, we proposed to investigate the teaching and evaluation in the area of mathematics in a 5th grade group.The guiding question of the research was: What is the relationship between the practices employed to assess the issues of mathematics by a teacher of 5th grade who uses the Program Read and Write and the surveys proposed by the referred Program?The methodology used in this r search is of a qualitative nature through a field study of an exploratory and descriptive analysis of official documents of the program.We used as a technique of data collection the semi-structured interviews conducted with the teacher of 5th grade and with the pedagogical coordinator, as well as the observations of lessons of mathematics and of evaluations that have occurred during the second half of 2012.The analysis of the documents focused on the Learner Guide, Planning Guide and Didactic Orientations of the professor, Curriculum Guidelines for the teaching of mathematics of the education system of Sao Paulo, guidelines of evaluative surveys (dictation of numbers, field additive and multiplicative) and self evaluations.The results indicate little familiarity of the teacher with respect to the theoretical basis needed for the interpretation of opinion polls mathematics and for the understanding of how this tool can foster the redirection of the students' learning.Theself evaluations showed an awareness that the students present on their evaluation process and its relationship with the teaching of mathematics, identifying progress and difficulties.The observations of lessons point to the use of some assessment instruments in addition to the opinion polls: written test, homework, correction of activities, oral exercises. / O Programa Ler e Escrever, implantado atualmente em toda rede de ensino do Estado de S?o Paulo, foi organizado e estruturado com o objetivo de reverter os baixos indicadores de aprendizagem escolar relacionados com a leitura e a escrita e os altos ?ndices de evas?o e repet?ncia presentes na rede de ensino paulista at? meados da d?cada de 2000. Como o foco do Programa Ler e Escrever s?o as habilidades de leitura e escrita, nos propusemos a investigar o ensino e a avalia??o na ?rea de matem?tica em uma turma do 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental. A quest?o norteadora da investiga??o assim se configurou: qual a rela??o entre as pr?ticas empregadas para avaliar as quest?es matem?ticas por uma professora de 5? ano que utiliza o Programa Ler e Escrever e as sondagens propostas pelo referido Programa? A metodologia utilizada nessa investiga??o ? de natureza qualitativa, realizada a partir de um estudo de campo de car?ter explorat?rio descritivo e da an?lise dos documentos oficiais do programa. Utilizamos como t?cnicas de coleta de dados as entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com a professora do 5? ano e com a coordenadora pedag?gica, bem como as observa??es de aulas de matem?tica e das avalia??es ocorridas durante o segundo semestre de 2012. A an?lise dos documentos incidiu sobre o Guia do Aluno, Guia de Planejamento e Orienta??es Did?ticas do professor, Orienta??es Curriculares para o ensino de matem?tica da rede de ensino do Estado de S?o Paulo, pautas das sondagens avaliativas (ditado de n?meros, campo aditivo e campo multiplicativo) e as autoavalia??es dos alunos. Nas observa??es das aulas, verificamos o uso de alguns instrumentos avaliativos al?m das sondagens: prova escrita, tarefa de casa, corre??o das atividades, exerc?cios orais. Os resultados indicam a pouca familiaridade da professora com rela??o ? fundamenta??o te?rica necess?ria para a interpreta??o das sondagens matem?ticas e para o entendimento de como esse instrumento pode favorecer o redirecionamento da aprendizagem dos alunos. As autoavalia??es dos alunos evidenciaram a consci?ncia que os mesmos apresentavam sobre o seu processo avaliativo e sua rela??o com o ensino de matem?tica, seus avan?os e dificuldades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Helena Ferrao Silva.pdf: 1765995 bytes, checksum: d5d8a80eba8028ab8f87866ee7d926e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / This paper presents a study on the actions taken by teachers of the 3rd year of Elementary School, related to the decisions and referrals regarding the students indicated as having learning gap in Mathematics. Our question at issue is: How and why do referrals of students in the 3rd year of Elementary School with Mathematics difficulties occur in the teachers view? The main goal was to analyze, based on pieces of information from teachers of the 3rd year of Elementary School regular and special education classes the conceptions related to the Mathematics concepts learning difficulties found by students and the need for psychological referral or pedagogical remedial help. The research development brought indications with reference to the issue of children learning difficulties in Mathematics, their emotions during the learning process and the aspects regarding Mathematics teaching and learning in school. The data arose from semi-structured interviews with three teachers of the 3rd year two from the classrooms and the resource room teacher in two different moments: in the beginning of 2013 school year and in November of the same year; and also the documentation for the student referral to remedial classes and psychological support. During the interviews the participants pointed out that the initial training course didn`t offer them enough theoretical subsidies to perform in the teaching discipline of Mathematics to the initial years of Elementary School. It was also pointed that a lot of the learning difficulties of these students is generally related to Mathematics concepts that weren`t understood by them. Teachers considerations about the referrals of students with learning difficulties were analyzed, as well as their conceptions about how and why these referrals should happen. In addition, the documentation of a 3rd year student who attended the resource class and the psychological assistance for two years was analyzed. It has been concluded that the services of resource class and psychological assistance, both offered by the city council, do not become linked, then bringing little contribution to students progress. The considerations to evaluate the student`s development are evasive, advancing little to identify their difficulties and to show alternatives to those people who will keep working with children, what provides little contribution to cognitive and psychological development. / O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre as a??es de professoras do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental, relacionadas ?s decis?es e encaminhamentos referentes aos alunos indicados como portadores de defasagem de aprendizagem em Matem?tica. Nossa quest?o problema assim se configura: Como e por que ocorrem os encaminhamentos de alunos com dificuldades relacionadas ? Matem?tica em sala de 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma rede p?blica municipal na vis?o das professoras? Teve por objetivo analisar, a partir das informa??es de professoras do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental da sala regular e de educa??o especial as concep??es relacionadas ?s dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos ao aprender conceitos matem?ticos e a necessidade de encaminhamento psicol?gico ou de refor?o pedag?gico. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa trouxemos apontamentos relativos ?s quest?es das dificuldades de aprendizagem das crian?as em Matem?tica, das suas emo??es no percurso da aprendizagem e de aspectos relacionados ao ensino e ? aprendizagem de Matem?tica na escola. Os dados originaram-se das entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com tr?s professoras de 3? ano duas de sala de aula e a professora da sala de recurso em dois momentos diferentes: no in?cio do ano letivo de 2013 e no m?s de novembro do mesmo ano. Ainda, de documenta??o relativa ao encaminhamento do aluno para sala de refor?o e de atendimento psicol?gico. Nas entrevistas as participantes indicaram que o curso de forma??o inicial n?o lhes ofereceu subs?dios te?ricos suficientes para a atua??o na doc?ncia na disciplina de Matem?tica para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Tamb?m que muitas das dificuldades de aprendizagem destes alunos, de maneira geral est?o relacionadas com os conceitos matem?ticos n?o compreendidos por eles. Analisamos as considera??es das professoras referentes ao encaminhamento de alunos com defasagem de aprendizagem, suas concep??es sobre como e por que esses encaminhamentos devam se dar. Ainda, a documenta??o de um aluno de 3? ano, que freq?entou por dois anos a sala de recurso e o atendimento psicol?gico. Conclu?mos que os servi?os de sala de recurso e atendimento psicol?gico, ambos oferecidos pela prefeitura, n?o se articulam, trazendo pouca contribui??o para os avan?os dos alunos. As considera??es para avaliar o desenvolvimento do aluno se fazem evasivas, pouco avan?ando no sentido de identificar suas dificuldades e de apresentar alternativas para o trabalho daqueles que com a crian?a v?o continuar atuando, o que proporciona pouca contribui??o para os avan?os cognitivos e psicol?gicos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Benedita Ribeiro.pdf: 1713137 bytes, checksum: 47a6f4174ae38c90982280b58af4d51a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / This research aims to examine the implementation and introduction of primary education of nine years (EF) in the city of Itajub? / MG over a decade. Justified interest in this subject by the pioneering spirit of the municipality in relation to the proposed extension of the EF, it deployed in 2002, given that only in 2006 was published federal law 11.274 that determined its mandatory throughout the territory Brazilian and that 2010 was the deadline set by the Ministry of Education for organizing, planning and expansion of the new EF in all Brazilian municipalities. The construction of the research was done through conducting a literature review on SciELO base and BDTD. The articles, theses and dissertations were categorized and organized in spreadsheets; First there was the reading of abstracts and later the full reading of those texts that addressed the new nuclear EF way. These readings showed obstacles encountered by school units and the educational systems in relation to the expansion and implementation of EF nine years. It was considered valid, then investigate, from the contributions of historical-cultural theory, which reveal the speeches of the coordinators regarding the establishment and implementation of EF nine years (EF9A), with special interest in: i) chronicle as was the establishment and implementation of EF9A; ii) describe and analyze the construction of EF9A the curriculum for the 1st year, the city of Itajub?; iii) To investigate the methodology proposed for the pedagogical practices and the inclusion of playing together with the children of six years and iv) to examine documents guiding the pedagogical proposal published by bodies Federal, State and Municipal. For research we chose to semi-structured interviews with coordinators of municipal Itajub?, with at least ten years of experience with the implementation of the new EF in that municipality; is the set of respondents composed of 05 supervisors. Two were organized axes analysis i) Tell the history of deployment / implementation of EF9A in Itajub?MG - evidence from which those who experienced and ii) dichotomy between playing and learning (reading and writing); ass qualitative analyzes guided up the studies of Vygotsky and colleagues. We hope that with this research, from the path analysis of the Itajub? city's experience over a decade, we can contribute to reflections on the ways in which new public policies are deployed / implemented in Brazil, with regard to the construction of new curricula, teaching practices and teacher training. / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a implanta??o e implementa??o do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos (EF) do munic?pio de Itajub?/MG, ao longo de uma d?cada. Justifica-se o interesse por esse tema pelo pioneirismo do referido munic?pio em rela??o ? proposta de amplia??o do EF, nele implantada no ano de 2002, tendo em vista que somente em 2006 foi publicada a lei federal 11.274 que determinou sua obrigatoriedade em todo o territ?rio brasileiro e que 2010 foi prazo final estabelecido pelo Minist?rio de Educa??o para organiza??o, planejamento e amplia??o do novo EF em todos os munic?pios brasileiros. A constru??o da pesquisa se deu pela realiza??o de uma revis?o bibliogr?fica realizada na base Scielo e na BDTD. Os artigos, teses e disserta??es foram categorizados e organizados em planilhas; primeiramente realizou-se a leitura dos resumos e posteriormente a leitura na ?ntegra daqueles textos que abordavam o novo EF de maneira nuclear. Estas leituras evidenciaram obst?culos encontrados pelas unidades escolares e pelas redes de ensino em rela??o ? amplia??o e implementa??o do EF de nove anos. Considerou-se v?lido, ent?o, investigar, a partir dos aportes da teoria Hist?rico-cultural, o que revelam os discursos dos coordenadores pedag?gicos em rela??o ? implanta??o e implementa??o do EF de nove anos (EF9A), com especial interesse em: i) Historiar como ocorreu a implanta??o e implementa??o do EF9A; ii) Descrever e analisar a constru??o do curr?culo do EF9A, para o 1? ano, do munic?pio de Itajub?; iii) Investigar a metodologia proposta para as pr?ticas pedag?gicas e a inser??o da atividade l?dica, junto ?s crian?as de seis anos e iv) Analisar documentos orientadores da proposta pedag?gica publicados pelas inst?ncias Federal, Estadual e Municipal. Para a investiga??o optou-se por entrevistas semi-estruturadas com coordenadores pedag?gicos da rede municipal de Itajub?, com pelo menos dez anos de experi?ncia com a implementa??o do novo EF no referido munic?pio; o conjunto de entrevistados ? composto por 05 supervisores. Foram organizados dois eixos de an?lise i) Historiando a implanta??o/implementa??o do EF9A em Itajub?MG evid?ncias a partir que quem as vivenciou e ii) dicotomia entre brincar e aprender (a ler e escrever); ass an?lises qualitativas pautam-se nos estudos de Vigotski e colaboradores. Esperamos que com esta pesquisa, a partir da an?lise de percurso da experi?ncia do munic?pio de Itajub? ao longo de uma d?cada, possamos contribuir para reflex?es sobre os modos pelos quais novas pol?ticas p?blicas s?o implantadas/implementadas no Brasil, no que se refere ? constru??o de novos curr?culos, pr?ticas pedag?gicas e forma??o de professores.

A história educacional brasileira constitui-se de muita discussão e de uma ampla legislação educacional, que em sua maioria tem se tornando letra morta nas escolas. Assim a construção de uma escola pública democrática, inclusiva, crítica, reflexiva e de qualidade para todos, é ainda hoje, um enorme desafio. Desafio no qual o professor polivalente dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental representa um elemento imprescindível, mas não o único. É ele o profissional que trabalha diária e diretamente na formação da base da escolaridade das crianças da escola pública. Tendo o professor polivalente como objeto deste estudo, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo objetivo é ressignificar a importância do papel do professor polivalente dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da escola pública na atual conjuntura da sociedade brasileira, destacando seus saberes e os problemas na sua formação. Para alcançar esse objetivo, a pesquisa envolveu estudo bibliográfico, análise documental e entrevista reflexiva com vinte professores polivalentes dos anos iniciais das escolas públicas municipais de Dracena, Junqueirópolis e Tupi Paulista, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os referenciais teóricos principais foram: Saviani, Pimenta, Libâneo, Szymanski, Tardif. Concluímos que os maiores desafios da escola pública são a qualidade do ensino, a realidade social das crianças, a ausência da família na vida escolar dos filhos e a ampliação do papel da escola na questão social. Na atuação do professor polivalente, as alegrias consistem na interação com a criança, no constatar seus avanços e desenvolvimento no processo ensino-aprendizagem. As dificuldades concentram-se, prioritariamente, na ausência da família na escolaridade do filho, na diversidade dos alunos em virtude da democratização do ensino e, em menor intensidade, nas críticas aos cursos de formação de professores e na desvalorização da escola pública e do professor. Quanto aos saberes docentes mais relevantes atualmente, os professores destacaram o saber do conhecimento, saber pedagógico, saber atitudinal e saber organizacional. Na construção desses saberes inúmeros espaços e atividades de formação foram priorizados, como a escola, os cursos de formação inicial e contínua, a interação com outros profissionais que vivenciaram experiências como professores polivalentes. A pesquisa evidenciou a importância do professor polivalente, a urgente necessidade de uma política pública de valorização para esse profissional, principalmente, quanto ao curso de formação inicial, para que forme o professor intelectual crítico reflexivo. / Our history is constituted of a lot of discussion and wide educational legislation, which in its majority has been turning uncommon in schools. The construction of a democratic, critic, reflexive and inclusive public school, with quality for all, is until today, an enormous challenge. The challenges which the versatile initial years of elementary school teachers represent a very important part, but not the only one. It is the teacher the professional who works daily and directly on the basic children formation in public school education. This papers study object is the versatile teacher; it was developed a qualitative research, which aims to re-evaluate the importance of the versatile teacher\'s work in initial years of elementary public school in the conjuncture of Brazilian society nowadays, emphasizing the teachers knowledge and their formation problems. To reach this aim, the research involved bibliographical studies, documental analysis and reflexive interview with twenty versatile teachers of initial years from municipal public schools of Dracena, Junqueirópolis and Tupi Paulista São Paulo States interior cities. The main theoretical references were: Saviani, Pimenta, Libâneo, Szymanski, and Tardif. It was concluded that the public schools biggest challenges are the education quality, the children\'s social reality, the family absence in the children\'s school life and the enlargement of the school responsibilities in the social subject. In the versatile teacher\'s performance the success consists of the interaction with the child and of verifying their progresses and development in the teaching-learning process. The difficulties concentrate mainly on the family absence in the children\'s education, in the students\' diversity as a result of teaching democratization and, with less intensity, in the critics to the teachers\' formation courses along with public school and teacher depreciation. With reference to the more relevant teachers knowledge nowadays, they emphasized the knowledge of knowing, pedagogic knowledge, attitudinal and organizational knowledge. In the construction of this knowledge, many places and formation activities were prioritized, such as the school, the initial and continuous formation courses, and the interaction with other professionals that lived experiences as versatile teachers. The research evidenced the versatile teacher\'s importance; the urgent need of public politic of valorization for this professional, mainly for the initial formation course, so that it forms the intellectual critical reflexive teacher.

RésuméCette thèse a pour but de contribuer à l'histoire des communautés européennes et à la compréhension du processus de prise de décision au sein de cette coopération. Elle a pour objectif de clarifier l'importance du choc pétrolier pour la coopération européenne. Plus particulièrement, elle vise à comprendre quels effets immédiats et à court terme cette crise eut sur le développement d'une politique énergétique commune : La crise pétrolière fut-elle un levier ou une barrière au développement d'une politique énergétique commune? D'un côté, il se peut que le choc pétrolier ait accéléré le processus de prise de décision parce qu'il créa une urgence à traiter les problèmes d'approvisionnement du moment et à changer la dépendance européenne envers le pétrole du Moyen-Orient sur le long terme. D'un autre côté, il se peut que le choc pétrolier ait ralenti l'évolution d'une politique énergétique commune en intensifiant une confrontation entre les perspectives divergentes des Neuf, bloquant ainsi tout compromis. Dans ce contexte, des questions se posent quant aux raisons pour lesquelles les états membres recherchaient une coopération dans le domaine énergétique sans chercher de compromis au niveau de leurs intérêts divergents.Cette thèse a donné un aperçu sur différents aspects du processus de prise de décision dans les communautés européennes. La Commission européenne apparait dans cette recherche comme intervenant activement dans le développement d'une politique énergétique commune après la fusion de l'exécutif des communautés en 1967. L'échec de consensus en mai 1973 prouve toutefois que le besoin d'une coopération énergétique commune des gouvernements nationaux ait été moins fort que les différences d'intérêt mutuelles. En outre, on peut en conclure que les Neuf jugèrent l'OCDE comme un organisme plus approprié pour faire face aux tensions du moment du marché pétrolier.Après le début du choc pétrolier la coopération au niveau supranational fut considérablement minimisée. Il est certain que la Commission ne resta pas apathique face aux problèmes pétroliers lors du choc pétrolier. L'institution réagit vivement aux déclarations des pays producteurs de pétrole par des propositions de juridiction sur une politique pétrolière à court terme et des lettres insistant sur une position commune face aux problèmes d'approvisionnement en pétrole. Au sein de la Commission plusieurs comités et groupes furent créés, ou se rencontrèrent plus fréquemment, et se concentrèrent sur différents aspects du choc pétrolier.Le choc pétrolier ne fut pas un accélérateur du traitement des juridictions au niveau commun. Toutefois, il y a quelques remarques à faire. Il convient de mentionner que le Groupe de l'énergie du Conseil permit, curieusement, un forum pour la discussion d'actions communes possibles pour traiter les problèmes pétroliers du moment. En outre, la création du Comité de l'énergie signifiait un changement important dans le processus européen de prise décision. Troisièmement, l'OCDE a eu un rôle plus important que constaté avant en tant qu'acteur important du processus de prise de décision européen au niveau de l'énergie.Lors du choc pétrolier il ne fut pas donné à la Commission européenne de rôle d'élaboration de politique concernant les problèmes pétroliers du moment. Dans une première phase, le Conseil refusa ce rôle à la Commission à cause des mesures arabes sur les réductions de production et par crainte d'aggraver la situation. Mais même si cet argument n'était plus valable, les propositions pour des politiques à court termes de la Commission ne furent pas acceptées. Par contre, à cette époque, il fut confié à la Commission la tâche d'élaborer un programme à moyen et long terme pour une politique énergétique commune jusqu'en 1985. À cet égard, le choc pétrolier semble avoir été le catalyseur d'une politique énergétique commune. / This thesis aims to contribute to the history of the European communities and to the understanding of the decision-making process within this cooperation. More specifically, it seeks an answer to the question of what immediate and short-term effects he oil shock had on the development of a common energy policy: Was the oil crisis a lever or a barrier for the development of a common European energy policy? On the one hand, the oil shock may have possibly accelerated the decision-making process because it created an urgency to deal with the current supply problems and to change the European dependency on Middle Eastern oil on the longer term. On the other hand, the oil shock may have slowed down the development of a common energy policy by escalating a confrontation between the diverging perspectives of the Nine, blocking, in this way, a compromise. In this context, questions arise about the reasons why member states were searching for cooperation in the field of energy without searching for a compromise for their diverging interests.This thesis gives insight into different aspects of the decision-making process at the European communities. The European Commission emerges from the research as an active actor in the development towards a common energy policy after the merger of the communities' executives in 1967. The failure to reach consensus in May 1973 shows, however, that the need from national governments for a joint energy cooperation was less significant than the mutual differences of interest. Moreover, it might be concluded that the Nine deemed the OECD a more appropriate body to face the current tensions in the oil market. Two weeks after the Energy Council, they had committed themselves to the consumer cooperation at the OECD, just like the other member countries of this organisation. The idea for such a closer cooperation had been pushed by the United States since 1972. Within the OECD's Oil Committee, the theme of a worldwide apportionment scheme was being discussed as well as the danger of outbidding prices. The most important questions of the time were thus already discussed within this forum which maintained the large advantage of including the United States.After the start of the oil shock, cooperation at supranational level was significantly minimised, although the Commission did certainly not remain apathetic towards the oil problems. The institution swiftly reacted to the oil producer countries' announcements with new proposals for jurisdiction on short-term oil policy and letters insisting on a joint position faced with the oil supply problems. Within the Commission several committees and groups were created, and existing committees met more regularly, and focused on different aspects of the oil shock. The oil shock was not an accelerator for the processing of jurisdiction at common level. Noteworthy is the fact, however, that the Energy Group of the Council surprisingly provided a forum for the discussion of possible common actions to counter the current oil problems. Moreover, the creation of this Energy Committee signified an important change within the European decision-making process. Thirdly, the OECD had a more important role than assumed in other studies in this field, as an actor in the European decision-making process on energy.During the oil shock the European Commission was not attributed a role in the policy making concerning the current oil problems. In a first phase, the Council refused to such a role for the Commission because of the Arab measures on production cuts and a fear to aggravate the situation. But even when this argument no longer applied the proposals for jurisdiction of the Commission were not accepted. By contrast, at that time the Commission was given the assignment of elaborating a mid- and long-term programme for a common energy policy until 1985. In that respect, the oil shock seems to have been a catalyst for a common energy policy.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-03-24T20:00:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaMouraComunicacao.pdf: 2463422 bytes, checksum: 2229eefc7bfd3a7cd3456f54aa31eec4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T20:00:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaMouraComunicacao.pdf: 2463422 bytes, checksum: 2229eefc7bfd3a7cd3456f54aa31eec4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Nenhuma / A dissertação “Telejornal dos 500 Anos: Frames de Protesto e Violência” consiste em uma leitura de matérias televisivas relativas ao protesto e à violência presentes nas comemorações dos 500 Anos de Descobrimento do Brasil. O objetivo inicial era pesquisar acerca do gênero telejornal, mas, à medida que se aprofundou o tema, observou-se que somente os telejornais das duas datas, 22 e 26 de abril de 2000, relativas respectivamente ao Descobrimento e à Primeira Missa Rezada no Brasil, eram insuficientes para entender o que havia ocorrido naquele momento histórico e naqueles frames. Buscou-se o auxílio da mídia impressa, observando-se a intertextualidade das mídias. A leitura da mídia impressa e dos telejornais possibilitou uma reconstituição do processo histórico do que ocorria no momento de contestação às comemorações pelos 500 anos. Através das matérias dos telejornais, analisaram-se seus roteiros de edição e neles as vozes, os textos e as imagens, procurando mostrar o papel da linguagem cinematográfica no texto da TV. Num segundo momento, extraíram-se as imagens consideradas mais significativas em termos de protesto e violência e fez-se uma leitura a partir de conceitos da linguagem cinematográfica, que se destacavam na estrutura da narrativa. Os conceitos permitiram nortear a análise integradora da informação televisiva, resgatando seu sentido como um todo. / The master’s thesis “Telejornal dos 500 Anos: Frames de Protesto e Violência” (Television News Broadcast of the 500 years of Discovery: frames of protest and violence) consists of an study of frames and instances of protest and violence broadcast on television during the celebration of 500 years of Discovery of Brazil. The initial aim of this study was to work only with the television news broadcast genre, but the television news instances broadcast on April 22 and 26 - the Discovery and the First Mass in Brazil, respectively – were insufficient to understand what happened in those specific events of celebration. Therefore, itwas necessary to also examine the printed media and establish the intertextuality between these two genres. The reading of both the television and the printed media enabled the reconstruction of protest episodes during the celebration events. The television news articles were looked at from the point of view of the script , the editing and voices, the written text and its images with the intent of showing the role the cinematography language plays on the television text. On a second stage, just the most significant images of protest and violence were extracted and an analysis was made by means of the elements from cinematographic language which stood out the most in the narrative structure. The cinematographic language allowed a rather integrative analysis of television information in as much as it helped rescue its meaning as a whole.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Medeiros Rodrigues.pdf: 1467250 bytes, checksum: 4c4c71bef6c722b011a564a17ac16e55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-15 / This Masters dissertation had as its main aim to analyze some speech acts of teachers working with elementary school 5th and 6th years, more specifically those regarding the school practice of writing, besides seeking to create moments of reflection of these professionals on diversified linguistic practices, so that they can think about the theoretical and practical knowledge that permeates the teaching practice. This proposal was not born by chance; it originated from informal conversations with public school teachers, due to the researcher experience of over 20 years working with the early years of elementary school. Some authors have insisted on pointing out the extent to which the discussion about teaching writing and the homogenizing linguistic policies influence school. Among these are: FARACO (2007, 2008); BRITTO (1997, 2002, 2003, 2007 and 2009), PINTO (2012, 2014) and (RAJAGOPALAN 2003, 2004, 2011 and 2013). It was, therefore, observed how teachers working with the early and final years of elementary school, without any access to the language science research, develop teaching practices based on the reproduction of structures. Also, an issue to be taken into consideration is the lack of research on the transition between the 5th and 6th years of elementary school. In order to achieve that, such discussions had to be broadened in the school context. The methodology, based on qualitative research was the most suitable to this study with the development of action-research (THIOLLENT, 2009). Initially, interviews were carried out with teachers from a municipal school and some from a state school, and from the most relevant issues raised by the interviews a group of studies was organized. Later on, observation was carried out in these participants‟ classrooms. The data analysis revealed that the participants had no access to most of the knowledge discussed in the group of studies. As a result, it was possible to see that without knowing more deeply the discussions about language in general/mother tongue it is not possible to reflect on linguistic practices and, consequently, teaching practices. Finally, the conclusion highlighted that when the participants had access to the material collected during the interview, the group of studies and the observations, they developed a process of rethinking the way their work is conducted in the classroom, that is, when they looked into their own work they observed the necessity to organize it with other objectives, so that it can be improved and, consequently, improve their own students‟ actions. The participants also pointed out how difficult it is for them to know how to develop some differentiated work in the classroom. It was also possible to think about alternatives for the participant teachers to establish discussion networks to try and reevaluate heterogeneous linguistic practices, through permanent teacher development. / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo principal analisar alguns atos de fala dos professores de 5º e 6º ano do ensino fundamental, especificamente as que versam sobre práticas escolares de escrita, além de buscar proporcionar momentos de ação reflexiva com eles sobre as práticas linguísticas diversificadas, no sentido de pensarem sobre o conhecimento teórico e prático que permeia a prática pedagógica. Essa proposta não foi uma escolha eventual, nasceu de conversas informais com professores da escola pública, tendo em vista os mais de 20 anos de trabalho com o Ensino Fundamental I. Vários autores vêm insistindo em mostrar o quanto a discussão sobre o ensino de escrita e as políticas linguísticas homogeneizadoras influenciam a escola. Entre eles: FARACO (2007, 2008); BRITTO (1997, 2002, 2003, 2007 e 2009), PINTO (2012,2014) e RAJAGOPALAN ( 2003, 2004, 2011 e 2013). Dessa maneira, foi observado como os professores dos anos iniciais e finais do Ensino Fundamental, sem acesso às pesquisas das ciências da linguagem, cultuam práticas pedagógicas centradas em torno da reprodução de estruturas. Também há que se pensar no vácuo de pesquisas que versam sobre a transição entre o 5º e o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, houve a necessidade de ampliar tais discussões no contexto escolar. Como metodologia, a pesquisa qualitativa foi a que melhor orientou o trabalho, tendo como base a pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 2009). Inicialmente, foram feitas entrevistas com as professoras de uma escola municipal e uma escola estadual para, a partir das questões mais relevantes levantadas na entrevista, organizar um grupo de estudos. Posteriormente, foram realizadas observações nas salas de aula dessas participantes. Por meio da análise dos dados foi possível perceber que as participantes não tinham acesso a muitos conhecimentos discutidos no grupo de estudos. Como resultados, pode-se observar que sem se conhecer mais detalhadamente as discussões sobre língua/linguagem não é possível refletir sobre as práticas linguísticas e, consequentemente, as práticas pedagógicas. Por fim, a conclusão evidenciou que quando as participantes tiveram acesso ao material coletado durante a entrevista, o grupo de estudos e as observações houve um repensar por parte delas sobre a condução de seu trabalho em sala de aula, ou seja, observaram que há a necessidade de organizá-lo com outros objetivos, a fim de que ele possa ser melhorado e, consequentemente, melhore a ação dos próprios alunos. As professoras também apontaram com relevância a dificuldade que elas têm em saber como fazer um trabalho diferenciado em sala de aula. Da mesma forma, pudemos pensar em caminhos para que as professoras participantes pudessem, a partir da formação continuada permanente, estabelecer redes de conversas para tentar reavaliar práticas linguísticas heterogêneas.