This study was designed to refine and validate a 160-item self-report instrument which drew its items from personality theories and from clinical practice related to delinquency. The aim was to estimate the usefulness of items descriptive of delinquent behavior by testing their reliability and discriminative power. There were two objectives. First: to test a set of items for their power to discriminate delinquent from non-delinquent responses which referred to delinquent and nondelinquent behavior. Second, to validate the power of the selected set of items to discriminate delinquent from non-delinquent youths in a second mixed group. Both objectives were realized in that significantly discriminating items emerged, which when administered to a second group, correctly classified 80% of the tested youths. The subjects in this study were youths who were selected as delinquents (n = 125) and nondelinquents (N = 125). The items used in the measuring instrument were collected over a period of several. years and based on theoretic al and clinical resources. Selected items referred to family togetherness, family supportiveness, limit-setting and behavior consequences, self-esteem and success, and school functioning. The results of the study provide a set of items which may be administered to help describe dis social behavior. The items may be used to educate parents, other adults, and students in recognizing some psycho-social behaviors related to interpersonal social behavior.

<p>The great technological development under the last decade has given the organizations new possibilities to market them self. Mobiles phones, smart phones and the new ultraportable laptops which make it possible to for organizations to send advertisement consumers 24/7. This has led to a steady increase in research during the last decade concerning mobile advertising. The research has mainly been focused on how problems with negative attitudes towards mobile advertising can be changed in to positive ones. Mobile advertising suffers from the same problems as several recently introduced marketing channels have done e.g. ecommerce like trust, privacy and risks. Beside the negative aspects, mobile advertising research has focused on identifying factors that will stimuli consumer willingness to receive mobile advertisement and identified a target group for this marketing channel. The target group has been identified to be young adults in the ages of 18-35. We will in our research´focus on this area about this different problem factors with mobile advertising and try to find which factors that are most important and affecting consumers attitudes towards mobile advertising we further want to develop ideas for how marketers can construct mobile advertising so that consumers accept it as a marketing channels. To examine this, quantitative method was used with a sample of 198 15-19 year old high school students in Umea responding to our survey. The sample was chosen because we believe that this age group will be the ones that are the target for mobile advertisers when the business have picked up more speed in a few years time. This group has also been identified by other researchers as an interesting segment to investigate. We have a positivistic approach to the study and therefore we have worked out six hypotheses that will be tested and then compared with our theoretical framework using a deductive method.</p><p>Our findings confirmed five out of six hypotheses. Consumers are negatively affected by factors as risk, lack of trust and privacy. The attitudes can change towards more positive ones if consumers perceive the advertisement relevant, entertaining, valuable functional and if they get some form of incentives for receiving advertisement. The hypothesis that we were not able to confirm concerned the consumer factors where only three of five factors were significant in our tests.</p>

<p>Something is happening in the world today. The participation in the Swedish elections used to be over 90 %, but has drastically decreased, primarily among first time voters. The memberships are declining among both political parties, as well as within non-governmental organizations. But why?</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to test if the sociological theory of neo-tribalisation can explain the decreasing commitment, in the form of internet communities. The research is based upon the hypothesis: youths will seek themselves to Maffeolis tribes, witch will lead to fewer youths in political organizations. The hypothesis was tested using statistical analysis of members in political organizations and compared with posts on the community Lunarstorm.</p><p>The result of the analysis was that the hypotheis can not be said to be true, but therefore not dismissed. Something new is awakening, that we do not fully understand or comprehend yet. So the final analysis is that more studies needs to be carried out to get the final awnser to the question: are the youth of today being tribalized?</p>

The great technological development under the last decade has given the organizations new possibilities to market them self. Mobiles phones, smart phones and the new ultraportable laptops which make it possible to for organizations to send advertisement consumers 24/7. This has led to a steady increase in research during the last decade concerning mobile advertising. The research has mainly been focused on how problems with negative attitudes towards mobile advertising can be changed in to positive ones. Mobile advertising suffers from the same problems as several recently introduced marketing channels have done e.g. ecommerce like trust, privacy and risks. Beside the negative aspects, mobile advertising research has focused on identifying factors that will stimuli consumer willingness to receive mobile advertisement and identified a target group for this marketing channel. The target group has been identified to be young adults in the ages of 18-35. We will in our research´focus on this area about this different problem factors with mobile advertising and try to find which factors that are most important and affecting consumers attitudes towards mobile advertising we further want to develop ideas for how marketers can construct mobile advertising so that consumers accept it as a marketing channels. To examine this, quantitative method was used with a sample of 198 15-19 year old high school students in Umea responding to our survey. The sample was chosen because we believe that this age group will be the ones that are the target for mobile advertisers when the business have picked up more speed in a few years time. This group has also been identified by other researchers as an interesting segment to investigate. We have a positivistic approach to the study and therefore we have worked out six hypotheses that will be tested and then compared with our theoretical framework using a deductive method. Our findings confirmed five out of six hypotheses. Consumers are negatively affected by factors as risk, lack of trust and privacy. The attitudes can change towards more positive ones if consumers perceive the advertisement relevant, entertaining, valuable functional and if they get some form of incentives for receiving advertisement. The hypothesis that we were not able to confirm concerned the consumer factors where only three of five factors were significant in our tests.

Background Young people constitute a fast growing group of Internet users and they are considered an important market segment. In Sweden, on average nearly 97 % of the people between the ages of 15-19 use Internet every day. A great deal of these people use online communities, and in order for these communities to succeed, it is vital to understand what content the youths perceive as valuable and useful. Furthermore, since using an online community takes time and effort, the community should fulfil a need among its users. Since it is no easy task to understand what motivates consumers, online communities should strive to reach a consensus in common characteristics among these individuals, in terms of what needs and wants they seek to satisfy in online communities. Purpose         The purpose of this thesis is to explore what needs and wants youths in Sweden seek to satisfy in online communities. To demonstrate the findings, Ungdomar.se will be evaluated, and given recommendations accordingly.  Method          In order to fulfil the purpose of this thesis, a descriptive and explorative study was conducted, consisting of both quantitative and qualitative data. The collection of data was made through a survey among youths, and by semi-structured interviews with Ungdomar.se and two people working at the Youth Centre Brunnen. Conclusion The authors have identified a set of needs and wants, that youths seek to satisfy in online communities. This has further been applied to the online community Ungdomar.se, and they have been provided with recommendations on how to satisfy these needs and wants.

This thesis in sociology was based on a qualitative research strategy. Its intention was to analyze how a specific county in the middle of Sweden work to make the integration process of the unaccompanied refugee youths, with a Swedish residence permit, as good as possible, the other intention was to find out the possible following of this work. Interviews were done and statistics were found, this later on became analyzed together with the theories. The basic theories were integration and class theory. The mainly finding in this study was that that the integration of the unaccompanied refugee children leads them into a lower society class of the Swedish community. This since these youth are more of less forced to follow some steps in the education, which for many of them will lead to that they are too old to apply to the national gymnasium in Sweden, and therefore they only get education though the introduction program, which is not leading to a graduation from the gymnasium. Because of this they are not getting the same chances to succeed with the same kind of education as youth on other programs in the Swedish gymnasium.

This thesis explores the relations between Japanese Brazilian youths’ identity development and language use in their transcultural environment. After the amendment of Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in 1990, a number of Nikkei- foreign nationals of Japanese ancestry- came to Japan to work as blue-collar laborers. The majority of those Nikkei were from Brazil since they had suffered an economic collapse since the early 1980s. Japanese Brazilian families are often called as “transcultural/ transnational community” by researchers of Japanese Brazilians as they are frequently forced to move around cities in Japan or between Japan and Brazil in order to find new employment. Applying the theoretical framework of narrative and qualitative content analysis, this thesis listens to the voices of Japanese Brazilian youths living in Japan who have accompanied their sojourner parents. Examining how Japanese Brazilian youths who were raised in Japan developed their sense of belongingness and identity both in the host and immigrant societies is crucial since they have the potential to play an important role in the future of globalization by taking advantage of their multiple language ability and their transcultural background. The voices of Japanese Brazilian youths in this study reveal five main themes related to their transcultural experiences. / Graduate

Issues related to multilingualism and its importance to each individual and the whole society are the subject of today’s school debate. The mere fact that the aspects of multilingualism are discussed actively not only in a school environment but even in the mass media and other communities proves that multilingualism is an important and complex phenomenon in our lives. The subject that I have chosen to study into is about the importance of multilingualism for minority individuals and the conditions for their multilingualism. The aim of this research is to investigate the importance of multilingualism for identity formation among several Russian-speaking young people who were born and raised in Estonia, as well as to try to understand the factors that were relevant to these young people's multilingualism and their view on it. Six young people aged 16-19 were considered in this study. The research method is based on a life history approach. The data has been collected through interviews and correspondence. Symbolic interactionism and social constructivism have provided the theoretical framework of the study and serve as tools for the analysis and interpretation of collected data. Based on the results of my research, it can be concluded that multilingualism are of great importance for identity formation among the individuals investigated. All young people have a positive attitude towards their multilingualism and see it as an asset. They try to maintain and further develop its multilingualism with the help of their school, family and friends as well as on their own. The results of the study also show that all of the young people interviewed have developed the reflexive identity thanks to their multilingualism. Multilingualism provides the young people with an opportunity to become proficient in several cultures, thereby enriching their lives and identity. Due to their multilingualism, reflexive identity and meta-knowledge about themselves, all the young people interviewed had an opportunity to get access to different contact surfaces, and be involved in several different contexts, which can be an asset in times of globalization.

Mokslinė problema yra tai jog sportinė veikla yra vienas socialinių reiškinių, kur pasireiškia agresyvūs veiksmai, ypač tai siejama su dvikovos sporto šakomis. Todėl keliamas probleminis klausimas, kokia dvikovos sporto šakų atstovų jaunučių ir jaunių agresijos raiška. Tyrimo probleminis klausimas, leido suformuluoti hipotezę. Dvikovos sporto šakų atstovų jaunių vaikinų požiūris į agresiją yra palankesnis nei jaunių merginų ir jaunučių. Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti dvikovos sporto šakų atstovų jaunučių ir jaunių agresijos raišką Uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti dvikovos sporto šakų jaunučių ir jaunių agresiją ir jos pasireiškimo formas lyties aspektu. 2. Atskleisti dvikovos sporto šakų jaunučių ir jaunių agresiją ir jos pasireiškimo formas amžiaus aspektu. 3. Atskleisti ir palyginti dvikovos sporto šakų jaunučių ir jaunių agresijos pasireiškimo formas (dirgliojo ir impulsyviojo) charakterio akcentuacijų aspektais. Tyrimo objektas: dvikovos sporto šakų atstovų jaunučių ir jaunių agresija. Tyrimo metodai: A. Buss - A. Durkee metodika, kuri leidžia nustatyti agresiją ir jos formų pasireiškimą. Charakterio nukrypimams tirti naudotas G. Šmišeko testas, kuriuo buvo nustatyti dirglaus ir impulsyvaus charakterio akcentuacijas turinčių dvikovos sporto šakų atstovai jaunučiai ir jauniai. Analizuojant tyrimo rezultatus, buvo nustatyta jog dvikovos sporto šakų merginų ir vaikinų bendrai agresija nesiskiria (p>0,05). Tačiau analizuojant skirtingas priešiškumo formas, buvo nustatyta, kad dvikovos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The scientific problem is the fact that sporting activity is a social phenomenon, which gets aggressive actions, particularly related to combat sports. Therefore, the difficulty posed by the question of what a combat sport, youth and juniors, expression of aggression. The study problematic question let to formulate a hypothesis. Youth’s boy’s attitude towards aggression is more favorable than the youngsters combat sport athletes. Aim: To analyze youths and youngsters the combat sport athlete’s expression of aggression Objectives: 1. Reveal combat sports youths and youngster’s aggression and its manifestation of gender 2. Reveal combat sports youths and youngster’s aggression and its manifestation of the age dimension 3 Detect and compare youths and youngster’s aggression and the manifestation of irritable and impulsive accentuations aspects of character The object of research: The aggression of combat sport athletes, youths and youngster’s. Research methods: A. Buss - A. Durkee methodology, which enables the aggression and its forms of manifestation and the character used to investigate deviations G. Šmišeko test, which was set irritable and impulsive character accentuations with youths and youngster’s sports representatives of the combat. The analysis of the results, it was found that the combat sports girls and boys generally do not differ in aggression (p> 0.05). However, analysis of different forms of hostility, it was found that a combat sport for boys is more... [to full text]

Although the significance of education is widely recognized, the content and regimentation of education is not often discussed in contemporary Japan. This thesis analyzed the Japanese education system from Meiji Restoration to today, revealing how the Japanese education system has molded citizens in favor of state power. The persistent system, which has produced citizen conformity, eventually created mindless self-censored citizens. As a result, because of the repeated education dogma, Japanese youths are desperately trying to be ideal Japanese citizens. Nevertheless, the ramifications of the education system in Japanese society, have led to the Hikikomori (or hidden youths) and high suicide rates. The findings of this thesis are based on the education guidelines from the Japanese education ministry and from interviews with various Japanese people. The conclusion is that if the Japanese education system keeps ousting the freedoms of students, the system may once again have a devastating effect on democracy as was seen in Japan in the 1930s. / Graduate