This study deals with the management of street traders to boost the local economy of King William‟s Town. The purpose of the study is to conduct the research on how street traders can be managed to boost the local economy of King William‟s Town. The intention is to research the challenges they have and how to improve them. To be able to conduct the study, the researcher deemed it necessary to study existing literature on Local Economic Development. The way street traders are managed presently has been investigated and analysed in order to develop recommendations for solving the challenges facing street trading in King William‟s Town. The researcher conducted interviews in the form of face-to-face discussions and scheduled interviews with street traders, municipal authorities, and the iQonce Small Business Association. The literature review and interviews enabled the researcher to develop recommendations to solve the challenges. These recommendations will be helpful to the King William‟s Town municipality. The findings of this study reveal that there are challenges in the manner in which street trading is managed in King William‟s Town. Some of the challenges are a lack of a LED policy, poor infrastructure, failure to implement decisions, lack of financial support for street traders, and underutilisation of the budget. The researcher has made some recommendations in terms of support and assistance for street traders, the formulation of a LED policy, and plans and systems needed to be put in place for the management of street trading in King William‟s Town. The researcher summarises the study by claiming that if the proposed recommendations can be thoroughly implemented, there will be some improvement in the manner in which the street traders are managed.

The 2015 trash crisis in Lebanon resulted in the emergence of movements centered on rights and the state’s responsibility. The protests and outrage were about an entire political structure that had allowed for such a failure in infrastructure to come into existence. After numbers on the street began to fade, the alternative discourses transitioned from the streets to the May 2016 Beirut municipality elections. My research explores how these actors relate to the state as citizens (a term they themselves use) within a political structure that perpetuates a kind of sectarian citizenship, and asks what being a citizen means in such a failed state, and how alternative fronts can push for a reconceptualization of citizenship, on a backdrop of neoliberalism.

This thesis examines the role of structural violence in the contemporary transition to adulthood of street involved youth. Anchored in structural social work, the study understands the origin of social problems and of violence to be structural rather than individual. Conducted in two phases, the study used participatory action and arts-informed methods, group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. Autonomy, a key component of the contemporary transition to adulthood, was central to the research results. The findings demonstrated that structural violence works to misrepresent or to nullify street involved youths’ expressions of autonomy. Structural violence affects how they exercise and manifest their autonomy as well as how their autonomy is represented or socially valued. The findings made visible the invisible structural violence, illuminating social causes of individual problems. Accordingly, to better support street involved youth and the development of their autonomy during their transition to adulthood, the study proposes recommendations for practice, policy, and research that target systems level change.

Syftet med denna studie var att genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma LSS-handläggare analysera om det förekommer policykrockar/policykonflikter i deras arbete samt att utifrån en tolkning av deras berättelse analysera hur deras handlingsutrymme ser ut och om det kan antas ha förändrats utifrån den ekonomiska åtstramningen som präglar insatserna inom LSS. Studiens två frågeställningar är följande: Förekommer det några yttre policykonflikter, det vill säga, en diskrepans mellan intention och utfall i LSS-handläggarnas arbete samt förekommer det några inre konflikter hos handläggarna? Och: Hur ser LSS-handläggarnas handlingsutrymme ut och har det förändrats på grund av den ekonomiska åtstramningen? Studien har utgått från Michael Lipskys teori om street level bureaucracy som under uppsatsens gång utvecklats genom senare studier. Den insamlade datan har sedan, med hjälp en abduktiv tematisk dataanalys, analyserats utifrån de två valda teoretiska begreppen: policykonflikter samt handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visade att handläggarnas handlingsutrymme ser olika ut utifrån vilken stadsdelsförvaltning de jobbar inom och påverkas av vilken ekonomi som råder. Rättsläget förändras kontinuerligt vilket kan leda till att inre policykonflikter inom handläggarna uppstår, i form av att deras egna åsikter och värderingar skiljer sig från vad de har för resurser att besluta om men även yttre konflikter där de behöver använda fler typer av dokument för att kunna förstå intentionen bakom en riktlinje. Resultatet visar även på att arbetsbördan för LSS-handläggare ökar, i form av arbetsuppgifter där det kan handla om att bemöta personliga ombud till rent administrativa uppgifter som växer i antal.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka biståndshandläggares handlingsutrymme i handläggningen av insatsen försöks- och träningslägenhet. Studien utgår från följande frågeställningar: Hur upplever biståndshandläggaren graden av frihet i sitt handlingsutrymme i bedömning av försöks- och träningslägenhet? Hur tillgodogör biståndshandläggaren klientens medverkan och önskemål i handläggningen av försöks- och träningslägenhet? Studien baseras på enskilda intervjuer som utgick ifrån en halvstrukturerad intervjuguide med sex stycken biståndshandläggare som arbetar inom socialpsykiatrins myndighetsutövandeverksamhet i Stockholms stad. Studiens resultat visade på att det inte finns någon motsättning mellan riktlinjerna och den individuella bedömning som alla klienter har rätt till, utan att handlingsutrymmet fyller ut riktlinjernas funktion. I alla fall när det gäller insatsen försöks- och träningslägenhet inom socialpsykiatrin i Stockholms stad. Studien kom också fram till att klientens kognitiva förmåga avgör hur mycket klienten medverkar i utredningen. Det outnyttjade handlingsutrymme hamnar hos biståndshandläggaren, som då får ett utökat handlingsutrymme. / The aim of this study was to investigate the freedom of action of the care managers in the handling of trial and training apartments. The study is based on the following questions: What level of freedom does the care managers experience in the assessment of trial and training apartments? How does the care manager create a good environment, taking into consideration the client's involvement and wishes, in the management of trial and training apartments? The study is based on individual interviews based on a semi-structured interview guide with six care managers working in the government-run social psychiatry organisation in the city of Stockholm. The results of the study showed that there is no contradiction between the guidelines and the individual assessment that all clients are entitled. In either case, when it comes to the trial and training apartments at the social psychiatry organisation in the city of Stockholm. The study also shows that the client's cognitive ability determines how much the client participates in the investigation. The unused space of action is given to the care manager, which then increases the scope of action.

Set in the historic centre of Pretoria CBD, this study draws extensively on its context to formulate an appropriate response to bringing about urban regeneration in this section of the city. The study was initiated with the selection of a small site set in the percieved northern portion of the inner city. By challenging both the alleged threshold between the 'north' and the 'inner city' and the city council's proposal for the surrounding sites, the proposed building attempts to create meaningful space while enriching the visitor's experience of his immediate surroundings. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

Orientador: úlia Ziviane Vitiello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T12:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AnaCristinaRibeiro_M.pdf: 23372685 bytes, checksum: 4863f5136d711a976b94e1cbdc892b3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho visou apresentar reflexões sobre as Danças Urbanas e suas possibilidades de atuação no campo educacional, competitivo e artístico. Além disso, verificou-se que a preparação corporal e artística destes dançarinos urbanos necessita contemplar procedimentos que favoreçam diferentes espaços como o palco italiano, espaços alternativos e ou locais onde ocorrem as batalhas, portanto, questiona-se a possibilidade de haver uma efetiva contribuição da técnica somática Ideokinesis. Como existe uma estreita relação entre a Cultura Hip Hop e as danças urbanas, observada em diferentes fatores como a maneira de se comportar na sociedade e a visão de mundo destes dançarinos, não poderia se falar de dança urbana, sem falar dos diferentes elementos que compõem esta cultura híbrida. Para este trabalho a pesquisa de campo foi realizada com a "Cia Eclipse Cultura e Arte" e Associação "Família Eclipse", na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, onde foi importante observar desde a metodologia utilizada na preparação corporal do elenco até os espetáculos criados para diferentes espaços. Durante esta etapa da pesquisa houve também a oportunidade de investigar outros grupos nacionais e internacionais de dança urbana, o que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de um olhar diferenciado para a dança urbana a partir dos conceitos da educação somática / Abstract: This research aimed to present reflections about urban dances and their possibilities of action in the educational, artistic and competitive field. Furthermore, it was verified that the body and artistic urban dancers preparation, needs to include procedures that promote different and alternative spaces like Italian stage, areas where battles happens, therefore, its question the possibility of an effective contribution of somatic Ideokinesis technique. As there is a close relationship between Hip Hop Culture and urban dances, it was observed different factors such as how to behave in society and the world view from all of these dancers, there is no way to speak of urban dance, and not to mention the different elements that make this hybrid culture. For this work the field research was held by "Cia Eclipse Culture and Art" and "Eclipse Family" Association in Campinas city, São Paulo, where it was important to observe the methodology used in the cast body preparation to the shows for different spaces. During this stage of the research there was also the opportunity to investigate other national and international groups of urban dance, which cont / Mestrado / Teatro, Dança e Performance / Mestra em Artes da Cena

Orientadores: Nelci Fenalti Höehr, Marcos Nogueira Eberlin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:40:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SantosJunior_JulioCesar_M.pdf: 4092105 bytes, checksum: 8809a688f7411f1a87fd956c6674fe41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Embora as anfetaminas estejam proibidas no Brasil, elas continuam sendo adquiridas ilegalmente assim como os canabinóides e cocaína, que representam um dos principais problemas de saúde pública a serem enfrentados no nosso país. Um dos grandes desafios desta área é a dificuldade de obtenção de material para exames periciais. O humor vítreo por encontrar-se isolado em um compartimento relativamente protegido de contaminação externa, invasão de microorganismos e traumatismos em geral, bem como por sua simplicidade/estabilidade analítica e esterilidade durante um longo período após a morte constitui-se como uma excelente amostra para a determinação de xenobióticos em corpos politraumatizados, carbonizados ou em decomposição, auxiliando na delegação da causa mortis. O uso da espectrometria de massas e o advento de novas metodologias de ionização são ferramentas essenciais à toxicologia forense, a V-EASI (venture easy ambient sonic-spray), é uma fonte de ionização de fácil aplicação e instalação, que não requer fluxo de eluente e os demais fatores utilizados nas fontes comerciais. Além disso, o uso da espectrometria de massas de ressonância ciclotrônica de íons por transformada de Fourier (FT-ICR-MS) de ultra-alta resolução e exatidão (valores de m/z exatos) leva a exata composição molecular, alcançando erros abaixo de 1 ppm (partes-por-milhão). Perante isso a avaliação da fórmula molecular normalmente é inequívoca. Quando acoplada a ionização por eletrospray (ESI) espécies moleculares suaves são formadas reduzindo a complexidade do espectro e produzindo informação composicional livre de fragmentos em misturas complexas facilitando sua compreensão. Portanto este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas para análise de drogas de abuso presentes em humor vítreo, empregando o uso de técnicas modernas de espectrometria de massas (FT-ICR-MS e V-EASI-MS) / Abstract: Although amphetamines are banned in Brazil, they remain illegally acquired as cannabinoids and cocaine, which account for a public health task to be faced in this country. The major challenge is to obtain material for investigation exams. The vitreous humor constitutes a good alternative for these exams, since it occurs isolated in a protected space, free of external contamination and of microorganisms and traumatisms, and also due to its analytical stability and sterility preserving it for a long period after death. Moreover, the vitreous humor constitutes an excellent sample for the determination of xenobiotics even in polytraumatized bodies, carbonized or in decomposition, involved in the causa mortis. The use of mass spectrometry and the advent of new ionization methods are essential tools for forensic toxicology, the V-EASI (venture easy ambient sonic-spray), is a source of ionization easy to use and install, not requiring nitrogen flow, eluent flow and other factors used in commercial sources. Furthermore, the use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) provides ultra high resolution and accuracy in mass analysis and its accurate m/z values lead to the exact molecular composition, reaching errors below 1 ppm (parts-per-million) on normal operational conditions, the assigned molecular formula are normally unequivocal. When electrospray ionization (ESI) is used, soft molecular species are formed reducing spectra complexity and providing fragment-free compositional information about complex mixtures facilitating comprehension. Therefore, this work aims at the development of analytical methodologies for the analysis of drugs of abuse present in the vitreous humor, employing the use of modern techniques of mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS and V-EASI-MS / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Localizadas no Agreste alagoano e sergipano, respectivamente, as cidades de Arapiraca e Itabaiana, são portadoras de uma dinâmica singular, despontando como centros regionais no interior do Nordeste brasileiro. A gênese do processo que resultou nesse quadro de referência alicerça-se, sobretudo, na feira livre que assumiu relevância e se refletiu na expansão do comércio e no surgimento de diversas iniciativas industriais. Por conseguinte, contribuindo à criação de uma gama de novos e diversificados serviços e o consequente crescimento das suas economias. No caso de Arapiraca a feira ganha impulso com o desenvolvimento da cultura fumageira, enquanto em Itabaiana o caminhão é o responsável direto pela expansão da feira livre. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe analisar essa gênese ancorada no papel da feira, combinada com outros eventos como as atividades agrícolas, considerando a força e o espírito de iniciativa do povo agrestino. Destarte, foi essencial revisitar os eventos que marcaram cada período na história econômica dos seus respectivos estados e a influência na economia de Arapiraca e Itabaiana, ao tempo em que buscou fazer relação da feira livre com a proposta dos dois circuitos da economia urbana (SANTOS, [1979] 2008). O uso de um referencial teórico-metodológico centrado no entendimento de variáveis como feira livre, desenvolvimento econômico e regional, industrialização, economia natural e de mercado, dinamicidade e centralidade, a partir das concepções de autores como Andrade (1979 e 1998), Braudel (1998), Bispo (2013), Carvalho (2012), Carvalho e Costa (2012), Guedes (1999), Lima (1965), Mamigonian (1965, 2009), Melo (1980), Rangel (1959, 2012c), Santos ([1980] 2010), Santos e Silveira (2010) entre outros, mostrou-se imprescindível nesta investigação. Trilhando por este caminho, a concreção da investigação deu-se mediante o trabalho de campo, que contou com aplicação de questionários com feirantes, consumidores, caminhoneiros e empresários/industriais das duas cidades analisadas. Assim, foi possível constatar um desenvolvimento centrado nas iniciativas locais, com surgimento de pequenos negócios originados do circuito inferior, onde a mão de obra local, o capital próprio e as técnicas não tão modernas, foram a base para o sucesso de iniciativas em diversos ramos. Dessa forma, refletindo-se decisivamente no desenvolvimento econômico desses dois importantes centros regionais do interior do Nordeste brasileiro. / The Arapiraca and Itabaiana cities, which are localized in the agreste from Alagoas and Sergipe, have a single dynamic highlighting itself owing to its regional centers in the Brazilian northeast town. The reason of such prominence is, above all, the street market, which gained relevance and it was responsible for commerce expansion and onset of several industrial initiatives. Moreover, it has contributed to the creation of new and range services and subsequent growth of their economies. In the case of Arapiraca the street market gains momentum with the development of the tobacco culture, while in Itabaiana the truck is directly responsible for the expansion of the street market. In this perspective, this study aims to analyze this genesis based in the free market role, combined with other events such as agricultural activities, considering the strength and spirit of initiative of the agreste citizens. Thus, it was essential to revisit the events that marked each period in the economic history of their respective states and influence in Arapiraca and Itabaiana economy at the same time it tried to connect the free market to the proposal of the two circuits of the urban economy (SANTOS, [1979] 2008). The theoretic-methodological referential use centered on the comprehension of variables like street market, economic and regional development, industrialization, natural and market economy, dynamism and centrality, from the ideas of authors such as Andrade (1979 and 1998), Braudel ( 1998), Bishop (2013), Carvalho (2012), Carvalho and Costa (2012), Guedes (1999), Lima (1965), Mamigonian (1965, 2009), Melo (1980), Rangel (1959, 2012c), Santos ([1980] 2010), Santos and Silveira (2010) among others, proved to be essential on this investigation. Treading on this path, the concretion of research took place through fieldwork, which included questionnaires with merchants, consumers, truckers and businessmen analyzed the two cities. Thus, there has been development centered on local initiatives, with the appearance of small business originated from the lower circuit where local labor, equity and techniques not quite as modern, were the basis for the success of initiatives in several fields. Therefore, reflecting decisively on economic development of these two important regional centers in the country towns of the Brazilian Northeast.

The primary objective of this study is to clarify a child's perspective within family matters surrounding financial aid from social services likewise how social workers interpret and implement the perspective in their tasks. Answers to the study's questions are supported by theories about the capacity for action and Shier's theory, Pathways to Participation. The foundation of this study is based on, among other things, scientific articles, literature, and reports that build the analysis which diverges into several themes as a result. The results showed that the children's perspective was inconclusive and a complex concept to define both in research and legislative texts, while simultaneously showing that the social secretary's broad and respectively narrow possibility of interpreting the law could be received as both negative and positive in the assessment of the child's best interests. There were also flaws in the documentation regarding the child's situation. In conclusion, some of the results of this study were based on the fact that the given legislative texts and guidelines did not provide a clear definition of how the social secretary should proceed in their work with the children's perspective and in the child's best interests.