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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Neanderthal genome sequencing : A genetic research study / Neandertal genom sekvensering : En genetisk forskningsstudie

Uhr, Susanna January 2023 (has links)
The aim of this study is to provide information regarding the development of aDNA research. The essay also strives to distinguish eventual impact on previous and contemporary conceptions concerning Neanderthal and modern human genetic divergence and possible interbreeding between the two species. Relatively recent Neanderthal genetic research will provide a glimpse into future explorations. Hominin species, other than Neanderthals, will be excluded from this paper as well as morphological studies and modern human evolution theories. Nature, Cell, Science, American anthropologist are examples of important publications constituting the study’s source material generated through the mandatory literature search. Genetic data results reveal genetic divergence between Neanderthals and modern humans approximately around 270 000 to 440 000 years ago or 550 000 to 765 000 years ago. The estimations for genetic divergence continue to alter with the advent of additional data. Contemporaneous genomic data results show interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans which contradict some prior perceptions surrounding the subject. New engendered Neanderthal genomic data indicate further exploration concerning the Neanderthal inherited genes effect on modern day human biology and physiology. / Syftet med denna studie är att delge informativ upplysning kring utvecklingen av aDNA forskning. Uppsatsen strävar även efter att urskilja eventuell påverkan på föregående och nuvarande uppfattningar angående genetisk splittring mellan Neandertalare och moderna människor och möjlig korsning mellan de två arterna. Relativt ny genetisk Neandertal forskning kommer att ge en inblick i framtida utforskningar. Andra homininer, undantagsvis för Neandertalarna, kommer att exkluderad från denna uppsats liksom morfologiska studier och teorier kring den moderna människans evolution. Nature, Cell, Science, American anthropologist är exempel på viktiga publiceringar som utgör studiens källmaterial vilket genererats genom den obligatoriska litteratursökningen. Genetiska data resultat visar genetisk splittring mellan Neandertalare och moderna människor proximalt kring 270 000 till 440 000 år sedan eller 550 000 till 765 000 år sedan. Beräkningarna för genetisk splittring ändras kontinuerligt på grund av ankomsten av nytillkommande data. Nya genomiska data resultat visar korsning mellan Neandertalare och moderna människor vilket motsäger en del föregående föreställningar kring ämnet. Ny framställd Neandertal genomiska data indikerar vidare utforskning av de ärvda Neandertal genernas möjliga påverkan på den moderna människans biologi och fysiologi.
12

Ancient DNA from sediments and associated remains

Haile, James Seymour January 2008 (has links)
This thesis explores the potential of new substrates for ancient DNA studies and addresses novel questions that can now be asked. It also highlights an additional use of ancient DNA extracted from a traditional source.
13

DNA antigo de amostras de ossos de baleia-franca-austral, Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1822) (Mysticeti, Cetartiodactyla) no Atlântico Sul Ocidental

Gasperin, Débora Stefani 30 September 2014 (has links)
Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-06T23:37:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 10a.pdf: 1719495 bytes, checksum: 2ed1add8423e889edf7e44b9eb1498f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T23:37:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10a.pdf: 1719495 bytes, checksum: 2ed1add8423e889edf7e44b9eb1498f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07 / Nenhuma / A baleia-franca-austral (Eubalaena australis) foi alvo de grande exploração comercial entre os séculos XVII a XX no Hemisfério Sul. Estimativas recentes sugerem que a população mundial da espécie é de 12.000 indivíduos, o que representaria 17 a 21% do seu tamanho original. Apesar de aparente recuperação, o declínio drástico no tamanho da população, resultante dos 400 anos de atividade da caça, pode ter gerado altos níveis de endogamia, baixa capacidade reprodutiva e perda de variabilidade genética da espécie, podendo ter seu potencial adaptativo comprometido, aumentando assim a probabilidade de extinção. Frente ao exposto é de extrema importância a avaliação comparativa da variabilidade genética entre as populações atuais de E. australis e amostras representativas do período de caça, em especial no Brasil. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram: I. Otimizar e comparar métodos de extração e amplificação de DNA antigo (aDNA) de ossos de baleia-franca-austral, em diferentes estados de degradação; II. Caracterizar geneticamente segmentos da região D-Loop do DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) a partir de ossos de espécimes de E. australis coletados na Península Valdés na Argentina e em Santa Catarina no Brasil; e III. Comparar as sequências nucleotídicas da região recuperada nas amostras de aDNA com as descritas para as populações atuais. Este estudo comparou cinco métodos diferentes para obter material genético de amostras degradadas. O método de extração que mostrou ser mais eficiente foi o que continha o reagente Dextran Blue. Com a amplificação de 20 fragmentos curtos, obtidos pelo Nested-PCR, com clonagem e posterior sequenciamento, foi possível recuperar pequenos fragmentos, que variaram de 7 a 59 pb, da região D-Loop do mtDNA de 11 amostras de ossos de E. australis das 88 tentativas realizadas. Ao analisar o material recuperado com dados atuais da espécie, o programa Network 4.6 revelou uma rede contendo 19 haplótipos, sendo quatro haplótipos restritos as populações antigas e até então não descritos na literatura. Os resultados são preliminares e seus significados devem ser avaliados com muita cautela. Contudo, deve-se ressaltar que os quatro novos haplótipos encontrados podem sustentar a hipótese de uma maior diversidade haplotípica em E. australis quando a mesma era caçada comercialmente. / The Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis) was object of great commercial exploitation between the XVII and XX centuries in the Southern Hemisphere. Recent surveys suggest that the world’s population is of 12,000 specimens, which would represent 17% to 21% of its original size. Despite the supposed recovery, the drastic populational decline, resultant from 400 years of hunting activities, could have generated high levels of endogamy, low reproduction capacity and loss of genetic variability of the species, compromising their potential of adjustment, thus increasing their probability of extinction. Due to the exposed, it is of extreme importance the comparative evaluation of the genetic variability between the current E. australis population and representative samples from the hunting period, especially from Brazilian coast. Therefore, the purpose of this study was: I. To optimize and compare extraction and amplification methods of aDNA from Southern Right Whale’s bones in different stages of deterioration; II. To genetically characterize segments of the mtDNA’s D-Loop region from E. australis bones collected at Península Valdés in Argentina and Santa Catarina in Brazil, and III. To compare nucleotide sequences of the recovered region from aDNA samples with those described for the current populations. This study compared five different extraction methods in order to obtain genetic material from deteriorated samples. The extraction method containing Dextran Blue reagent showed the higher efficiency. With the amplification of 20 short fragments and overlapping of aDNA through Nested-PCR technique, and further cloning of the latter fragment, it was possible to sequence small fragments, varying from 7 to 59 pb, from the mtDNA’s D-loop region from 11 bones samples of E. australis, out of the 88 attempts performed. Analyzing the recovered material together with the updated data of the species, the Network 4.6 program revealed a network containing 19 haplotypes, 4 of them generated only with ancient population samples, which are new for the species. The results are still preliminary and their meanings should be evaluated with caution. However, it should be noted that the four new haplotypes found could support the hypothesis of a higher haplotype diversity in E. australis when it was hunted.
14

On the origin of the mountain hare on the island of Gotland : By means of ancient DNA analysis

Ahlgren, Hans January 2011 (has links)
The island of Gotland houses a number of terrestrial mammalian species even though it was covered with ice during the last glacial period. The purpose of this study is to genetically analyse the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) to deduce its origin and genetic structure during different time periods, and also to discuss how it reached the island. A 130 base pair sequence of mitochondrial DNA from 38 prehistoric hares was analysed and compared to modern hares from different locations in Europe. The result shows a discrepancy among the samples creating two populations with different origin.
15

Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen zur Ergänzung des biologischen Profils eines historischen Grabungsfundes auf der Grundlage autosomaler und uniparentaler aDNA-Marker

Pflugbeil, Anne-Marie 07 November 2017 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Erweiterung des biologischen Profils eines historischen Skelettfundes aus dem Zeitalter der römischen Kaiserzeit und beginnenden Völkerwanderungszeit. Bis zum Zeitpunkt der Bearbeitung der Zielstellung wurden keine aDNA-Analysen am Material durchgeführt. Im Rahmen der gesetzten Ziele sollte zunächst das methodische Vorgehen im Hinblick auf die Qualität und Quantität des aDNA-Templates geprüft werden. Neue Analysestrategien wurden zudem auf deren Eignung in den Schritten aDNA-Quantifizierung und STR-Analyse evaluiert. Für die Ergänzung des biologischen Profils wurden sowohl autosomale als auch uniparentale aDNA-Marker untersucht. Im Speziellen erfolgte die Bestimmung des genotypischen Geschlechts über Amelogenin. Desweiteren wurde eine Y-chromosomale STR-Analyse durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe biostatistischer Variablen erfolgte zudem eine Beschreibung resultierender Y-chromosomaler Haplotypen. Darüberhinaus wurden erste Aussagen im Hinblick auf die ethnische Herkunft der Skelette mit Hilfe einer synchronen SNP-Analyse des mitochondrialen und Y-chromosomalen Genoms erlangt. Die Analyse der SNPs erfolgte auf beiden Seiten mittels SNaPshot-Minisequenzierung in definierten Multiplexansätzen. Spezifische Makrohaplogruppenfrequenzen wurden bezugnehmend auf die Entwicklungshistorie diskutiert.
16

Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen an Überresten präkolumbischer Neuwelt-Camelidae aus dem Palpa-Tal (Peru) / Moleculargenetic investigations of precolumbic remains of the New World Camelids from the Palpa valley (Peru)

Renneberg, Rebecca 29 April 2008 (has links)
No description available.
17

Molekularanthropologische Untersuchungen zur präkolumbischen Besiedlungsgeschichte des südlichen Perus am Beispiel der Palpa-Region / Molecular anthropological investigations of the pre-Columbian settlement history in southern Peru by the example of the Palpa area

Fehren-Schmitz, Lars 30 April 2008 (has links)
No description available.
18

Entwicklung neuer Markersysteme für die ancient DNA Analyse / Erweiterung des molekulargenetischen Zugangs zu kultur- und sozialgeschichtlichen Fragestellungen der Prähistorischen Anthropologie / Development of new marker systems for ancient DNA research / Extending the molecular approach to historico-cultural questions in Prehistoric Anthropology

Schmidt, Diane Manuela 30 June 2004 (has links)
No description available.
19

“Thank God It’s Only Maneuvers!:” Tennessee and the Road to War

Savage, Joshua G. 01 May 2014 (has links)
“Thank God It’s Only Maneuvers!:” Tennessee and the Road to War offers the reader a comprehensive explanation of the importance of the Tennessee Maneuvers of June 1941 to American preparation for World War II. Beginning with pre-war changes in the infantry, followed by the inception of the Armored Force, and continuing through the testing of both during the 1941 Maneuvers, the reader will gain an appreciation of the significance of these actions to overall American preparation before and during the Second World War. This work also presents a look at how these extensive combat actions influenced the people of the State of Tennessee throughout their existence.
20

En uppdatering om människans evolution : med betoning på forskning från de senaste fem åren samt koppling till kurslitteratur för gymnasiet / An update on human evolution  : emphasizing research from the last five years with a connection to course literature for upper secondary school

Gustavsson, Emelie, Kjellgren, Sofie January 2018 (has links)
början av 2000-talet sekvenserades det första hela mänskliga genomet och sedan dess har teknikerna förfinats, effektiviserats och förbättrats, så att utvecklingen på många områden, däribland forskningen om människans evolution, går fortare än någonsin tidigare. Från att ha sekvenserat en molekyl i taget är det idag möjligt att sekvensera miljontals molekyler parallellt och dessutom till ett så lågt pris att fler nu har möjlighet att använda sig av teknikerna. Bara under de senaste fem åren har det hänt mycket på området människans evolution och det är detta som vi kommer redogöra för i den här studien. Vi redovisar nya upptäckter –såsom att Homo naledi artbestämdes 2015 –, stärker gamla hypoteser –såsom att Homo sapiens utvandrade ur Afrika –samt stryker andra hypoteser –såsom att Australopithecus afarensis skulle vara den saknade länken mellan släktet Australopithecus och släktet Homo. Mycket har skett inom forskningen på människans evolution. Tillgång till nya biologiska tekniker har tillsammans med paleontologiska upptäckter bidragit till att skapa en större samstämmighet inom båda områden. Genom att teknikerna utvecklas och kompletterar varandra kan en större konsensus i resultaten skapas. Att utvecklingen av forskningen går fort fram har konsekvenser även för kurslitteraturen i gymnasieskolan. Vi analyserar därför om gymnasielitteraturen hinner med samt om förenklingarna som görs i den är rimlig. Det är svårt att avgöra om kurslitteraturen uppdateras i tillräcklig takt då förenklingarna är så pass stora. Vi anser att flera av de jämförda böckerna är tvetydiga i sina beskrivningar och framställer fakta som säkerställd, vilket inte alltid stämmer överens med hur området ser ut i verkligheten.

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