Après 1945, Auguste Herbin (Quiévy 1882 - Paris 1960) devient le maître en France de l’abstraction géométrique, une référence pour la seconde génération d’artistes abstraits, à la fois en Europe et dans le reste du monde. Les peintures d’Herbin réalisées à partir de son alphabet plastique, c’est-à-dire de 1942 à 1960 posèrent les jalons d’expérimentations nouvelles dans le domaine de l’art optique, de l’art cinétique, de l’art concret et de l’hard edge. La plupart des travaux réalisés par les artistes présents dans le Paris de l’après seconde guerre mondiale, tels Baertling, Agam, Dewasne, Vasarely, Soto, Fruhtrunk etc., n’auraient pu se concevoir sans la connaissance et l’assimilation du vocabulaire herbinien. Avait-on véritablement pris la mesure du rôle d’Auguste Herbin dans l’histoire et l’évolution de l’art abstrait ? / After 1945, Auguste Herbin (1882-1960) became the leading French abstract, geometric artist and an inspirational figure to abstract artists in both Europe and the Americas. Herbin’s Plastic Alphabet paintings are the forerunners of the wider experimentation in op’art, concrete art and hard edge painting. Much of the work by artists dominant in Paris in the 50’s and 60’s, such as Baertling, Agam, Dewasne, Vasarely, Soto, Fruhtrunk, is unimaginable without the advance wich Herbin represents.

La notion d’« abstraction perceptuelle (perceptual abstraction) » apparaît dans le domaine de la psychologie cognitive avant d’être associée à l’art optique et cinétique dans les pages du catalogue de l’exposition « The Responsive Eye » au Museum of Modern Art en 1965. Ce lien tissé entre abstraction et phénoménologie de la perception, bien qu’il ait connu une résonance historiographique modeste, traduit avec justesse certains enjeux et complète les catégories du mouvement et de l’effet, sur lesquelles le débat et la réflexion se sont le plus souvent orientés. À partir de ce cadre initial des années 1950 et 1960 est établi un second cadre, plus vaste, allant des avant-gardes historiques à nos jours, d’un « art perceptuel ». Au sein de ce corpus transhistorique sont rassemblées des oeuvres caractérisées par leur oscillation constante entre surface et volume, fait et effet, matière et vibration. Le phénomène de palpitation et de dissolution, qui se substitue à la composition et à la polychromie, rend impossible la saisie d’oeuvres tantôt incandescentes, tantôt évanescentes. Dans cette exploration constante des seuils du visible, la perception est traitée comme un médium à part entière. À travers oeuvres et textes, cette étude entend mettre en avant les résonances thématiques entre les époques et les courants afin, précisément, d’établir un panorama, le plus large possible, des pratiques relevant de ce que Jean Clay présenta comme « une prise de conscience de l’instabilité du réel ». / The term “perceptual abstraction” appears within the field of cognitive psychology before being associated, in the catalogue of the exhibition "The Responsive Eye" at the MoMA in New York in 1965, with Optical Art and Kinetic Art, two parallel trends around which debate and reception were focused for about a decade. At the same time, this link between abstraction et perception, despite the modest resonance of its term, is relevant for understanding these kinds of artistic practices with the potential of covering a wider historical and aesthetic field. Beyond this narrow chronological frame of the 1950s and 1960s, this concept describes a type of Perceptual Art that is based on an oscillation between fact and effect, matter and flux, surface and volume—an art in which composition and polychromy give way to vibration and dissolution, from the historical avant-gardes until today. Through an analysis of diverse artworks and texts, this study approaches perception beyond the commonly used categories of mechanical movement and optical effect. Considered as a medium in itself by some artists, perception is driven to its limits and the spectator’s capacity to grasp form and space is questioned. Thematic echoes between periods and trends are highlighted, precisely in order to define the field as broadly as possible—to reflect on what Jean Clay aptly described as “an awareness of the instability of the real.”

This thesis examines the thought of Joan of Arc for categories of identity paving the way to modern nationalism. The underlying model for this undertaking is Ernst Kantorowicz's theory of the increasing depersonalization or abstractness of power. With this model as a guide, this thesis proposes a set of categories of identity on which the process of change put forward by Kantorowicz can be tracked. The thesis then classifies, against this backdrop, the individual categories as either progressive, i. e. abstract, or concrete, i. e. dependent on the older ideas of power and kingship, arguing that the concrete categories may be associated with the principles of popular mentality as described by Aron Gurevich. It turns out, however, that clear-cut criteria distinguishing concrete and abstract categories are difficult to establish and, at the end of the day, we have to settle for a simplifying and not entirely satisfactory classification. The analytical part of the thesis then examines what instances of categories of identity can be found in the minutes of the interrogation of Joan of Arc. The overwhelming majority of these categories of identity, it turns out, fall under the 'concrete' label. Such a result seems to correspond very well with the Gurevichian idea of difference, although by no means an absolute...

Si la production de logiciel fiable est depuis longtemps la préoccupation d'ingénieurs, elle devient à ce jour une branche de sujets de recherche riche en applications, dont l'analyse statique. Ce travail a porté sur l'analyse statique de programmes et, plus précisément, sur l'analyse des propriétés numériques. Ces analyses sont traditionnellement basées sur le concept de domaine abstrait. Le problème est que, ce n'est pas évident d'étendre ces domaines dans le contexte de programmes avec pointeurs. Nous avons proposé une approche qui sait systématiquement combiner ces domaines avec l'information de l'analyse de points-to (une sorte d'analyse de pointeurs). L'approche est formalisée en théorie de l'interprétation abstraite, prouvée correct et prototypée avec une modular implémentation qui sait inférer des propriétés numériques des programmes de millions de lignes de codes. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à améliorer la précision de l'analyse points-to. Nous avons découvert que l'analyse de must-alias (qui analyse si deux variables sont nécessairement égaux) peut servir à raffiner l'analyse points-to. Nous avons formalisé cette combinaison en s'appuyant sur la notion de bisimulation, bien connue en vérification de modèle ou théorie de jeu... Un algorithme de complexité quadruple est proposé et prouvé correct. / The fast and furious pace of change in computing technology has become an article of faith for many. The reliability of computer-based systems cru- cially depends on the correctness of its computing. Can man, who created the computer, be capable of preventing machine-made misfortune? The theory of static analysis strives to achieve this ambition. The analysis of numerical properties of programs has been an essential research topic for static analysis. These kinds of properties are commonly modeled and handled by the concept of numerical abstract domains. Unfor- tunately, lifting these domains to heap-manipulating programs is not obvious. On the other hand, points-to analyses have been intensively studied to an- alyze pointer behaviors and some scale to very large programs but without inferring any numerical properties. We propose a framework based on the theory of abstract interpretation that is able to combine existing numerical domains and points-to analyses in a modular way. The static numerical anal- ysis is prototyped using the SOOT framework for pointer analyses and the PPL library for numerical domains. The implementation is able to analyze large Java program within several minutes. The second part of this thesis consists of a theoretical study of the com- bination of the points-to analysis with another pointer analysis providing information called must-alias. Two pointer variables must alias at some pro- gram control point if they hold equal reference whenever the control point is reached. We have developed an algorithm of quadruple complexity that sharpens points-to analysis using must-alias information. The algorithm is proved correct following a semantics-based formalization and the concept of bisimulation borrowed from the game theory, model checking etc.

My art consists of the repetition of patterns, shapes, numbers, text, and found objects that communicate concepts in language, science, and math as art. My work addresses aesthetic and formal aspects of the art itself and embraces the process and experience of creating. I use repetition of lines and shapes to create a complex mass of infinite amounts of shapes, which create what I regard as a peaceful gathering of energy. These patterns can be freely interpreted as the co-dependency between everything in existence, which contributes to the changing balance of life. Similar to my patterns, my sculptures fuse several layers of found objects to form a larger structure with the intention of creating a new meaning and life of those objects. The wide variety of subject matter in my artwork stems from a continuous and honest investigation into our constantly changing world.

In each of my paintings I try to create an individual micro-universe made up of elements that resonate between the familiar and the unknown. I carve up space and hybridize disparate elements, in an effort to excavate objects and spaces from our collective unconscious. By employing different perspectives, I try to encourage an experiential view of the landscape, like the one that exists for the viewer in the physical world, where sightlines are constantly shifting. These landscapes become a rhythmic labyrinth to enter and travel through, wherein the viewer experiences his or her own personal associations. In this thesis, I will explore the painted landscape in Western and Eastern traditions and discuss different types of landscapes as they relate to my paintings and my personal commentary on the landscape. I will also examine my painting process and my personal approach to fundamental elements including perspective, line, and color.

Orientador: Geraldo Antonio Bergamo / Banca: Maria Aparecida Mello / Banca: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho / Resumo: Esta pesquisa é um trabalho que tem como objetivo explorar a potencialidade do modelo da atividade de estudo articulado com a teoria do conhecimento e constituir uma modelagem inicial para o Ensino de Geometria Eucliadiana Plana, segundo o modelo da atividade de estudo. Fundamenta-se na Teoria do Conhecimento Marxista, na Psicologia Sócio-Histórica e no Experimento Formativo (EF) que ocorreu na União Soviética, sob coordenação de Daniíl B. Elkonin e Vasili V. Davidov. Parte da análise de uma Iniciação Científica na qual se apresenta um experimento didático piloto baseado no modelo da atividade de estudo, para conteúdos de Geometria Plana e número real. Apresenta um estudo a respeito da teoria do conhecimento como forma de justificar e evidenciar algumas das escolhas, tanto de organização, quanto de conteúdos que foram abordados. Aborda a teoria da atividade no seu sentido mais geral apresentando a hipótese que o ponto de partida de seu estudo teórico é o conceito de modelo de atividade. Apresenta um estudo da teoria da atividade, nos seus aspectos psicológicos gerais (Leontiev) e da teoria da atividade de estudo formulada no EF. Finalizando a dissertação, são formulados alguns apontamentos para o ensino de Geometria Euclidiana Plana a partir dos pressupostos teóricos abordados, com ênfase no significado do método de ascensão de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto para a assimilação do sistema no significado do método de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto para assimilação do sistema de conceitos desse conteúdo de Matemática. A metodologia foi a reflexão sobre o modelo de atividade de estudo subordinando o modelo lógico-dedutivo da Geometria Euclidiana Plana, de forma a obter-se uma modelagem inicial desse conteúdo segundo a atividade de estudo. Propõe, em termos de hipótese, a relação geneticamente inicial (célula) para o estudo teórico da Geometria ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research is a theorical study that has a goal to explore the potentiality of the model of the study articulated activity with the theory of the knowledge and to build an initial molding for the study activity. It's based on the Theory of the Marxist Knowledge, in the Socio Historical Psychology and in the Formative Experiment (FE) that occurred in the Soviet Union, coordinated by Daniel B. Elkonin and Vasili V. Davidov. A part of the analyses of a Scientific Study in Which is shown that a didatic experiment based on the model of the study activity, for the content of the Plan Geometry and the real number. It presents a study regarding the knowledge theory as a way of justifying and substantiating some of the choices, as much organization as contents that there used in the study. It broaches the activity theory on its sense more general presenting the hypothesis that the foothold of its theoretical study is the conception of the activity model. It presents a study of the activity theory, on its general psychological aspects (Leontieve) and on the theory of the study activity formulated on the FE. Concluding the dissertation, some notes are made for the teaching of Plan Euclidean Geometry from the prerequisite theoretical report, with emphasis in the meaning of the method of the ascension from the abstract to the concrete for the assimilation of the concepts system of this content of the Mathematics. The Methodology was the reflexion about the model of the study activity, subordinating the model logical deductive of the Plan Euclidean Geometry, to obtain an initial molding of this second content the study activity. It proposes, in hypothesis terms, the genetically initial relation (cell) for the theorical study of the Plan Euclidean Geometry: ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Ces travaux s’intéressent à la modélisation formelle de la sémantique des langues naturelles. Pour cela, nous suivons le principe de compositionnalité qui veut que le sens d’une expression complexe soit une fonction du sens de ses parties. Ces fonctions sont généralement formalisées à l’aide du [lambda]-calcul. Cependant, ce principe est remis en cause par certains usages de la langue, comme les pronoms anaphoriques ou les présuppositions. Ceci oblige à soit abandonner la compositionalité, soit modifier les structures du sens. Dans le premier cas, le sens n’est alors plus obtenu par un calcul qui correspond à des fonctions mathématiques, mais par un calcul dépendant du contexte, ce qui le rapproche des langages de programmation qui manipulent leur contexte avec des effets de bord. Dans le deuxième cas, lorsque les structures de sens sont ajustées, les nouveaux sens ont tendance à avoir une structure de monade. Ces dernières sont elles-mêmes largement utilisées en programmation fonctionnelle pour coder des effets de bord, que nous retrouvons à nouveau. Par ailleurs, s’il est souvent possible de proposer le traitement d’un unique phénomène, composer plusieurs traitements s’avère être une tâche complexe. Nos travaux proposent d’utiliser les résultats récents autour des langages de programmation pour parvenir à combiner ces modélisations par les effets de bord. Pour cela, nous étendons le [lambda]-calcul avec une monade qui implémente les effects et les handlers, une technique récente dans l’étude des effets de bord. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous démontrons les propriétés fondamentales de ce calcul (préservation de type, confluence et terminaison). Dans la seconde partie, nous montrons comment utiliser le calcul pour le traitement de plusieurs phénomènes linguistiques : deixis, quantification, implicature conventionnelle, anaphore et présupposition. Enfin, nous construisons une unique grammaire qui gère ces phénomènes et leurs interactions. / In formal semantics, researchers assign meanings to sentences of a natural language. This work is guided by the principle of compositionality: the meaning of an expression is a function of the meanings of its parts. These functions are often formalized using the [lambda]-calculus. However, there are areas of language which challenge the notion of compositionality, e.g. anaphoric pronouns or presupposition triggers. These force researchers to either abandon compositionality or adjust the structure of meanings. In the first case, meanings are derived by processes that no longer correspond to pure mathematical functions but rather to context-sensitive procedures, much like the functions of a programming language that manipulate their context with side effects. In the second case, when the structure of meanings is adjusted, the new meanings tend to be instances of the same mathematical structure, the monad. Monads themselves being widely used in functional programming to encode side effects, the common theme that emerges in both approaches is the introduction of side effects. Furthermore, different problems in semantics lead to different theories which are challenging to unite. Our thesis claims that by looking at these theories as theories of side effects, we can reuse results from programming language research to combine them.This thesis extends [lambda]-calculus with a monad of computations. The monad implements effects and handlers, a recent technique in the study of programming language side effects. In the first part of the thesis, we prove some of the fundamental properties of this calculus: subject reduction, confluence and termination. Then in the second part, we demonstrate how to use the calculus to implement treatments of several linguistic phenomena: deixis, quantification, conventional implicature, anaphora and presupposition. In the end, we build a grammar that features all of these phenomena and their interactions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MURILO TEIXEIRA COSTA.pdf: 719987 bytes, checksum: eca9173d0b9f6dbaf05c3cf0233259e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / It is intended to develop in this dissertation research on the limits and possibilities of public hearings with experts in the abstract control of constitutionality. Public hearings may be defined as a participatory mechanism provided for in the process of abstract judicial review, in an advisory and non-binding, which create opportunities to direct contact between judge and expert, are intended to hear the varied opinions on certain submission to trial, supporting thus the performance of judicial functions. This dissertation intends to specifically investigate whether the opinions and knowledge exhibited at such events has, in fact, interfered in any way in the activity of constitutional interpretation and judgments of the Supreme Court. A question that should properly be made on the effectiveness of such hearings refers to the fact whether they really have contributed to a pluralistic and democratic opening in brazilian process of constitutional interpretation, or whether, conversely, has been used only to meet a mere ritualism or formalism, without any influence on the process of constitutional interpretation and decisions of the Supreme Court. This study acquires significant importance today when the Supreme Court has been constantly driven to solve extremely difficult and multidisciplinary causes, which has attracted the attention of public opinion and the community, noted that in some of these moments, the Supreme Court triggered the mechanism the public hearing and promoted the hearing of experts as well as other segments of society are directly interested in the affairs ended in actions such as associations and other representative groups. The brazilian legal literature is still lacking specific scientific papers on this subject, although I count on a big production about the institution of amicus curiae. The relevance of the subject of public hearings with experts in the abstract control of constitutionality can not be overlooked, since it interacts primarily with the issue pertaining to the active participation of citizens, groups, community, the public powers and public opinion in the process of constitutional interpretation. A set of ideas with this meaning has a central place in the work of the german jurist Peter Häberle, which advocates the adoption of constitutional hermeneutics criteria for an open society that is increasingly pluralistic. This research focuses on investigating also the public hearings with experts can really contribute to that court decisions are more fair and legitimate. Held, in addition to literature review, a case study of public hearing in the Supreme Court in 2007, ADI 3510 which discussed the issue pertaining to permission to use embryonic stem cells for research and therapy, specifically for check whether the opinion and knowledge of experts affect the positioning of the ministers of the Supreme Court in the trial of this action. One hopes, to investigate the dynamic that has been given to such public hearings, build a study of its limits and its possibilities. / Pretende-se nesta dissertação desenvolver uma pesquisa sobre os limites e as possibilidades das audiências públicas realizadas com especialistas no âmbito do controle abstrato de constitucionalidade. As audiências públicas podem ser definidas como um mecanismo participativo previsto no processo de controle abstrato de constitucionalidade, com caráter consultivo e não-vinculante, que, ao oportunizar o contato direto entre julgador e especialista, destinam-se a ouvir as mais variadas opiniões sobre determinada matéria submetida a julgamento, subsidiando, dessa forma, o desempenho da função jurisdicional. Esta dissertação pretende especialmente investigar se as opiniões e os conhecimentos exposto em tais eventos tem, de fato, interferido de alguma forma na atividade de interpretação constitucional e nos julgamentos do STF. Um questionamento que deve ser validamente formulado sobre a eficácia de tais audiências refere-se ao fato de saber se elas, realmente, tem contribuído para uma abertura pluralista e democrática no processo brasileiro de interpretação constitucional, ou se, pelo contrário, tem sido utilizadas apenas para atender a um mero ritualismo ou formalismo, sem qualquer influência no processo de interpretação constitucional e de tomada de decisões do STF. Esse estudo adquire significativa importância nos dias atuais em que o STF tem sido constantemente acionado para solucionar causas extremamente difíceis e multidisciplinares, as quais tem atraído a atenção da opinião pública e da comunidade, observado que, em alguns desses momentos, o STF acionou o mecanismo de realização de audiência pública e promoveu a oitiva de especialistas e também de outros segmentos da sociedade diretamente interessados nos assuntos encerrados nas ações, como associações e outros grupos de representação. A literatura jurídica brasileira ainda é carente de trabalhos científicos específicos sobre este tema, embora já conte com uma grande produção sobre o instituto do amicus curiae. A relevância da temática das audiências públicas com especialistas no âmbito do controle abstrato de constitucionalidade não pode passar despercebido, posto que interage fundamentalmente com a questão pertinente à participação ativa dos cidadãos, dos grupos, da comunidade, das potências públicas e da opinião pública no processo de interpretação constitucional. Um conjunto de idéias com esse significado tem lugar central na obra do jurista alemão Peter Häberle, o qual defende a adoção de critérios de hermenêutica constitucional abertos para uma sociedade cada vez mais pluralista. Esta pesquisa preocupa-se em investigar também se as audiências públicas com especialistas podem realmente contribuir para que as decisões judiciais sejam mais justas e legítimas. Realiza-se, além da revisão da literatura, um estudo de caso da audiência pública realizada no STF, em 2007, na ADI 3510 que debateu a questão pertinente à permissão do uso de células-tronco embrionárias para fins de pesquisas e terapia, especificamente para conferir se a opinião e o conhecimento dos especialistas influenciaram o posicionamento dos ministros do STF no julgamento desta ação. Almeja-se, ao pesquisar a dinâmica que tem sido conferida a tais audiências públicas, construir um estudo sobre os seus limites e as suas possibilidades.

A partir de um levantamento do conceito de conceito na filosofia e da polissemia da noção de generalização em várias áreas do conhecimento, chegamos à conclusão de que a última questão não se encontra problematizada na literatura consultada. Tal fato pode ser reflexo de considerações do senso comum sobre o processo de generalização, fazendo com que não haja \"razão aparente\" para discuti-lo. A grande maioria dos trabalhos tem por generalização o processo indutivo em si ou a conclusão a partir dele. Outros trabalhos, particularmente referentes às obras de Vigotski, associam generalização à descontextualização. Segundo nossa reflexão, tais modos de ver a generalização podem ser encontrados em trabalhos de fundamentação da Teoria do Perfil Conceitual (MORTIMER, 1994a, 1994b, 1995, 1998, 2000). A partir de referenciais teóricos ligados ao materialismo dialético, à psicologia histórico-cultural e à complexidade, discutimos as limitações do modelo de perfil e propomos de que maneira a noção de generalização entendida sob uma abordagem dialético-complexa de ensinoaprendizagem é capaz de trazer nova luz à dinâmica das zonas do perfil e à relação sujeito-objeto. / From an investigation about the concept of concept in philosophy and the polysemy of generalization in several knowledge areas, we have reached the conclusion that the last topic is not problematized in the literature studied. Such a fact may be a reflex of common sense consideration concerning the process of generalization, making people conclude that there is no \"appearant reason\" to discuss it. The vast majority of the works investigated understand generalization as the inductive process per se or the conclusion obtained from it. Other works, particularly referring to Vigotski´s ideas, associate generalization to decontextualization. According to our reflections, such ways to consider generalization have been found in works basing the Conceptual Profile Theory (MORTIMER, 1994a, 1994b, 1995, 1998, 2000). From theoretical frameworks related to dialectic materialism, cultural-historical psychology and complexity, we discuss the limitations of the conceptual profile model and we talk about the way in which generalization, seen under a dialectic-complex approach of the teaching-learning process, is able to shed some light to the dynamics of the conceptual profile zones and to the subject-object relation.