Våld i nära relationer är ett välkänt socialt problem men aktuell forskning har ofta fokus på yngre kvinnor. Även hjälp och stödinsatser vänder sig till yngre individer. Syftet med detta arbete är att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka om det finns svårigheter att uppmärksamma och att erbjuda äldre våldsutsatta kvinnor hjälp och stöd. Om det finns svårigheter vilka är de och vilka faktorer beror det på? Kvinnor som utsätts för våld är ett stort och komplext problem både i Sverige och i resten av världen. För kvinnan som utsätts för våld drabbas kvinnan själv, deras omgivning och anhöriga. Våldet tränger sig in i samhället och anses vara en folkhälsofråga eftersom konsekvenser av våldet kan leda till flera negativa följder. Äldre kvinnor är inte en enhetlig grupp. Inte heller våldsutsatta kvinnor är en homogen grupp. Komplexiteten ökar ytterligare med en ökad ålder. Vilket gör det både besvärligt och problematiskt för omgivningen att upptäcka våldet. Det är därför min önskan att belysa äldre våldsutsatta kvinnors situation samt att se hur aktuell forskning ser på hur man kan hjälpa dessa kvinnor med hjälp och stöd. Vilka svårigheter som eventuellt kan finns i att erbjuda skydd. Samt att även belysa svårigheter som olika professioner kan stöta på i mötet med äldre våldsutsatta kvinnor. Som våldsutsatt är det ingen självklarhet att söka hjälp för att få skydd mot våldet. Därför är det av vikt och betydelse för det sociala arbetet att få en förståelse för äldre våldsutsatta kvinnors situation för att kunna erbjuda skydd och hjälp. / Intimate partner violence is known as a social problem but current research often has a focus on younger women. Also the help and support interventions turns to younger individuals.  The aim of this study is through a literature study to investigate wheter there are difficulties in paying attention and offering older women exposed to violence help and support. If there are difficulties what are they and what factors can it be due to? Women who are exposed to violence are a large and complex societal problem both in Sweden and in the rest of the world. For women who have been subject to violence, the women herself, their surroundings and relatives are affected. Violence penetrates society and is considered a public health issue because consequences of violence can lead to several negative consequences. Older women are not a unified group. Nor are women exposed to violence a homogeneous group. The complexity increases further with increasing aged. Which makes it both awkward and problematic for the environment to detect the violence. It is therefore my wish to shed a light on the situation o folder, vulnerable women and to see how current research looks at how these women can be helped with help and support. What difficulties may exists in offering protection. And to also highlight difficulties that different professions may encounter in the meeting with older women exposed to violence. As a victim of violence, it is not obvious to seek help to get protection against violence. Therefore, it is important for social work to gain an understanding of older women exposed to violence in order to be able to offer protection and help.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Menopausal symptoms, primarily hot flashes, are a pressing clinical problem for both naturally menopausal women and breast and ovarian cancer patients, with a high societal and personal cost. Hot flashes are poorly understood, and animal modeling has been scarce, which has substantially hindered the development of non-hormonal treatments. An emerging factor in the hot flash experience is the role of anxiety and stress-related stimuli, which have repeatedly been shown to influence the bother, frequency, and severity of hot flashes. Causal relationships are difficult to determine in a clinical setting, and the use of animal models offers the ability to elucidate causality and mechanisms. The first part of this work details the development and validation of novel animal models of hot flashes using clinically relevant triggers (i.e., compounds or stimuli that cause hot flashes in clinical settings), which also increase anxiety symptoms. These studies revealed that these triggers elicited strong (7-9 °C) and rapid hot flash-associated increases in tail skin temperature in rats. In a surgical ovariectomy rat model of menopause, which typically exhibit anxiety-like behavior, hot flash provocation revealed an ovariectomy-dependent vulnerability, which was attenuated by estrogen replacement in tested models. An examination of the neural circuitry in response to the most robust flushing compound revealed increased cellular activity in key thermoregulatory and emotionally relevant areas. The orexin neuropeptide system was hyperactive and presented as a novel target; pretreatment with selective and dual orexin receptor antagonists significantly diminished or eliminated, respectively, the response to a hot flash provocation in ovariectomized rats. The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the serotonin transporter has been linked to increased anxiety-associated traits in humans, and subsequent studies prolonged hot flashes in SERT+/- rats, which also caused hot flashes in highly symptomatic women. These studies indicate the orexin system may be a novel non-hormonal treatment target, and future studies will determine the therapeutic importance of orexin receptor antagonists for menopausal symptoms.

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<p>According to the salutogenic theory put forth by Antonovsky, an individual’s sense of coherence (SOC) is central for maintaining health. The present study used data from middle-aged women being part of a longitudinal research program to investigate how SOC relates to health status (in terms of self-rated health and medicine consumption) and a set of lifestyle factors (physical exercise, alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption and dietary habits). Women with a strong SOC were hypothesized to exhibit better health profiles, consume less medication, and lead a healthier lifestyle than women with a weak SOC. The findings partly confirmed the hypotheses in showing that women with a strong SOC had better self-rated overall health, better psychological well-being, fewer self-reported diseases and lower medicine consumption. Contrary to the hypothesis, women with stronger SOC had more self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. Of the lifestyle factors, only dietary habits were significantly associated with SOC. The study shows that SOC is related to differences in health and medicine consumption in a homogeneous group of middle-aged women, while the association between SOC and lifestyle was found to be less prominent.</p>

According to the salutogenic theory put forth by Antonovsky, an individual’s sense of coherence (SOC) is central for maintaining health. The present study used data from middle-aged women being part of a longitudinal research program to investigate how SOC relates to health status (in terms of self-rated health and medicine consumption) and a set of lifestyle factors (physical exercise, alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption and dietary habits). Women with a strong SOC were hypothesized to exhibit better health profiles, consume less medication, and lead a healthier lifestyle than women with a weak SOC. The findings partly confirmed the hypotheses in showing that women with a strong SOC had better self-rated overall health, better psychological well-being, fewer self-reported diseases and lower medicine consumption. Contrary to the hypothesis, women with stronger SOC had more self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. Of the lifestyle factors, only dietary habits were significantly associated with SOC. The study shows that SOC is related to differences in health and medicine consumption in a homogeneous group of middle-aged women, while the association between SOC and lifestyle was found to be less prominent.

No description available.