Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la gestion dynamique des processus métiers. L’objectif étant de permettre d’une part, une exécution robuste qui prend en compte la dynamicité des différents éléments de processus métiers. D'autre part l’objectif est aussi de gérer les processus en prenant en compte les compétences nécessaires à leurs exécutions. Ce travail de thèse s’appuie sur l’approche BPM et plus précisément à sa phase d’exécution. Dans un monde de travail turbulent et en constante évolution, on parle souvent de modèles adaptables ou adaptatifs, de modèles qui s’enrichissent à chaque exécution et ne suivent pas un modèle structuré et prédéfini tel que le cas du BPM (Business Process Management) classique. En effet, les outils d’automatisation des processus métiers actuels ont été conçus pour fournir un soutien aux acteurs impliqués pour répondre aux questions : Qu'est-ce qui doit être fait? Qui est en charge de le faire? Quand faut-il être effectué? La plupart du temps ces systèmes sont prescriptifs. Ainsi, les acteurs impliqués ne sont pas seulement supportés, ils sont forcés à effectuer les tâches dans des séquences spécifiées. De surcroit, un processus flexible c’est un processus capable de changer que les parties qui ont besoin d'être changées tout en gardant la stabilité de ses autres parties. Dans ce contexte, parmi les approche prometteuses, l’approche orientée services offre aux entreprises une modularité permettant de remplacer facilement un composant par un autre, de le réutiliser et d’étendre son objectif en lui ajoutant un autre composant. De ce fait, dans le but de supporter l’agilité des processus métiers, nous proposons une approche combinant les trois approches suivantes : l’approche BPM, la gestion des compétences et l'approche orientée service dans un environnement social supportant le travail collaboratif. / In the modern economy, creating agile business processes is one of the conditions to obtain/ maintain competitive advantage on the market. Efficient organizations need to ensure that their business processes are flexible so that these processes can easily accommodate changes in regulations and policies. Actually, the management of business processes is supported by the BPM (Business Process Management) approach. It addresses the management, transformation and improvement of organizational operations. Yet, actual BPM does not feature the means to have a continuous adaptation of their business processes and quick adjustment of their models and resources allocation to meet changing environmental conditions. In this thesis, we aim to support the agility of business processes to ensure a continuous adaptation to changes. The agility of business processes, combined with the agility of employees and that of information technology are prerequisites for achieving business agility. To support agility at IT level, we use the SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) approach. Indeed, the SOA can provide numerous benefits to the organization, enabling it to reduce complexity and increase flexibility through their reutilization and modularity features. Moreover, resources which are important assets in successful process’s implementation are widely supported with agile organization regarded as primordial factor for successful agility implementation. For this reason, we propose an approach that combines management of processes with the required skills to their execution and to better enhance the process flexibility we combine BPM with SOA in a social environment.

Across many domains, systems suppliers are challenged by the complexity of their systems and the speed at which their systems must be changed in order to meet the needs of customers or the societies which the systems support. Stakeholder needs are ever more complex: appearing, disappearing, changing and interacting faster than solutions able to address them can be instantiated. Similarly, the systems themselves continually change as a result of both external and internal influences, such as damage, changing environment, upgrades, reconfiguration, replacement, etc. In the event of situations unforeseen at design time, personnel (for example maintainers or operators) close to the point of employment may have to modify systems in response to the evolving situation, and to do this in a timely manner so that the system and/or System-of-Systems (SoS: a set of systems that have to interoperate) can achieve their aims. This research was motivated by the problem of designing-in re-configurability to the constituent systems of a SoS to enable the SoS and its systems to effectively and efficiently counter the effects of unforeseen events that adversely affect fitness-for purpose whilst operational. This research shows that a SoS does not achieve or maintain fitness-for-purpose because it cannot implement the correct, timely and complete transfer of Material, Energy and Information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that is necessary to achieve a desired outcome; i.e. the purpose.

Les systèmes d'information d'entreprise actuels s'articulent autour d'applications centrales lourdes, qui ne fournissent pas l'agilité nécessaire pour survivre dans un environnement économique hautement concurrentiel. De nombreux acteurs (unités commerciales, individus, équipes et communautés) doivent introduire leurs propres applications pour pallier à ces limitations, avec pour résultat un système d'information fragmenté, incohérent et impossible à gouverner. Cette étude propose un paradigme d'architecture d'entreprise alternatif, qui s'appuie sur une décomposition plus fine du système d'information et une distribution différente des responsabilités. Il permet à tout acteur de contribuer au système d'information en introduisant des fragments, privés ou partagés avec d'autres acteurs, qui peuvent ensuite être composés pour former des applications dédiées à un profil. Les récents mécanismes de l'informatique sociale sont proposés pour gérer les volumes potentiels importants de fragments émergeant de la communauté d'employés. L'objectif des systèmes d'informations sociaux est à la fois d'améliorer la cohérence et la gouvernabilité du système d'information de l'entreprise et d'exploiter l'intelligence et l'énergie collective de l'entreprise à des fins d'agilité métier maximale. / Present enterprise information systems are centered on heavy corporate applications, which cannot and indeed do not provide the agility required to survive in todays' competitive business landscape. Actors (business units, individuals, teams and communities) must introduce their own applications to work around these limitations, resulting in a fragmented, inconsistent and ungovernable information system. This thesis proposes an alternative enterprise architecture paradigm based upon a finer-grained decomposition of information systems and a different distribution of responsibilities. It empowers all actors to contribute fragments to the information system, private or shared with other actors, which can then be composed to form profile-specific applications. Consumer-space social mechanisms are proposed to manage the potentially huge resulting numbers of fragments emerging from the employee community. The aim of social information systems is both to improve the overall consistency and governability of the enterprise information system and to leverage the collective intelligence and energy of the corporation towards maximum business agility.

Title: Identification and comparison of selected motor skills in elite U14 and U15 football players Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to objectify and compare selected indicators of motor skills in young elite football players category U14 and U15. Methods: 26 probands at age 14 and 15 were tested. Testing took place in one training unit. In the thesis are used the methods of observation and testing. In the result section we use a comparison method where the results of individual players were compared using statistical methods. During the testing Brower timing system, Optojump, sports radar and Fitt light cones were used. Results: The results of our thesis showed the differences in the physical abilities in terms of player posts as well as individual players. We divided our test file into defenders, midfielders and attackers. The highest level of endurance capability was shown by younger defenders and midfielder, strength capabilities of older defenders and attackers, speed acceleration capabilities and agility of younger invaders. Key words: football, testing, mobility skills, agility, endurance, strength, speed, category U14 and U15

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-12T19:02:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Humberto Rocha - M3 - CORRIGIDA - 27.01.22016 - FINAL - SEM ASSINATURAS.pdf: 7669370 bytes, checksum: b59a4824a693e49ccfb1316ab17c75ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T19:02:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Humberto Rocha - M3 - CORRIGIDA - 27.01.22016 - FINAL - SEM ASSINATURAS.pdf: 7669370 bytes, checksum: b59a4824a693e49ccfb1316ab17c75ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-15 / A Governança Ágil em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) é uma área em ascensão que vem sendo sugerida como uma proposta inovadora pautada nos princípios e valores do Manifesto para Desenvolvimento Ágil de Software. O uso de tais princípios e valores tem como principal objetivo a minimização da burocracia na Governança convencional. Alguns autores têm apontado que a maioria das iniciativas para Governança são burocráticas e que a adoção de abordagens mais ágeis ainda é considerada uma tarefa desafiadora. Isto se dá principalmente devido a multidisciplinaridade e relativa incipiência da área. Se por um lado há um conjunto bem estabelecido de princípios e valores ágeis em domínios subjacentes à Governança Ágil em TIC (a exemplo de Desenvolvimento de Software), por outro lado, alguns de seus domínios ainda requerem evolução (a exemplo de Gerenciamento de Serviços, Operações, Infraestrutura, entre outras). Diante deste contexto, esta tese de doutorado propõe um modelo de maturidade denominado MAnGve Maturity Model (M3). O M3 apoia a evolução sistemática e gradual de maturidade em Governança Ágil em TIC. Para tal, o modelo de maturidade proposto estrutura seu conhecimento por meio de cinco níveis de maturidade. Estes níveis foram construídos a partir de um amplo estudo de base teórica (uma revisão ad hoc e uma revisão sistemática da literatura) envolvendo principalmente as áreas de: Agilidade no desenvolvimento de software; Governança em TIC; e modelos de maturidade e capacidade. Por fim, o M3 foi submetido a avaliações por meio de métodos científicos (dois surveys e um focus group) que nortearam melhorias ao modelo proposto. Os resultados destas avaliações apontam o M3 como uma iniciativa relevante e inovadora para este recente campo de pesquisa / Agile Governance in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an area on the rise that has been suggested as an innovative proposal based on the principles and values of the Manifesto for Agile Software Development. The use of these principles and values aims to minimize bureaucracy in conventional Governance. Some authors have pointed out that most initiatives for Governance are bureaucratic and that adopting more agile approaches is still considered a challenging task. This is mainly due to multidisciplinary and relative incipiency of the area. On the one hand there is a well-established set of agile principles and values in domains behind the Agile Governance in ICT (for example, Software Development), on the other hand, some of its domains still require evolution (like Service Management, Operations Infrastructure, etc.). Given this context, this doctoral thesis proposes a maturity model called MAnGve Maturity Model (M3). The M3 supports the systematic and gradual evolution of maturity in Agile Governance in ICT. To this end, the proposed maturity model structure their knowledge through five maturity levels. These levels were constructed from a large study of theoretical basis (ad hoc review and systematic literature review) mainly involving areas: Agile software development; Governance in ICT; and capability maturity models. Finally, M3 was subjected to evaluations by scientific methods (surveys and focus groups) that guided the improvements in proposed model. Their results indicate the M3 as an important and innovative initiative for this recent field of research.

E-business provides important opportunities of trade for businesses, and the supporting business system must handle this environment efficiently. One current trend in business systems is to move business logic, such as business processes and business rules, out from the application logic and into separate support systems. The reason to make this separation is to increase the agility of the business, to make the system able to change more rapidly when the business situation changes. This report focus on business rules enforced in business rule engines. Specific interest is on how such rule engines meet the requirements of the e-business domain. The report presents an overview of business rule engines. Five general categories of characteristics are proposed. The proposed characteristics are then used in a comparison of three business rule engines.

Kärnkraftverk är högteknologiska system med hög komplexitet och utan att hantera den här komplexiteten kan små olyckor få katastrofala följder. Närvaron av komplexitet försämrar förmågan att förstå situationer, minskar kontroll samt ökar risken för incidenter. Stabsarbete inom kärnkraftsdomänen kräver ett agilt beteende för att hantera den höga närvaron av komplexitet. Agilitet är förmågan hos en enhet att framgångsrikt genomföra, hantera och/eller utnyttja förändrade omständigheter. Syftet med arbetet är att utveckla ett mätverktyg för att identifiera indikatorer på agilt beteende i stabsverksamhet inom kärnkraftsdomänen. Mätverktyget ska kunna tillämpas av individer utan djup teoretisk kunskap om agilitet och verktyget har testats och utvärderats i en iterativ process på ett kärnkraftverk i Sverige under ett flertal övningar. Utvecklingen av verktyget skedde i samråd med en expert inom stabsarbete. De största skillnaderna i det mätverktyget som utvecklats i den här rapporten gentemot dess föregångare är att det här mätverktyget har kärnkraftsdomänen som måldomän samt att det tillkom ett femte steg där resultatet får en visuell representation. Verktyget kan tillämpas inom andra kärnkraftverk än kärnkraftverket det användes på men om verktyget ska tillämpas inom andra domäner krävs det att det anpassas till den nya måldomänen.

Sport has become a very competitive business and focus has been placed on reaching ones full potential. Visual involvement in a sport varies according to environmental demands associated with that sport. These environmental demands are matched by a task specific motor response. The primary aim of this study was to determine if visual skills training programmes could produce beneficial performance results for cricket and soccer players. In order to measure the athletic ability of a cricket and soccer player it is important not only to measure the hardware visual skills of the player, but also the player’s hand-eye co-ordination ability and software visual skills. Thus, aspects of the nervous system such as perceptual motor co-ordination, reaction time and anticipation ability should also be measured to get an indication of the player’s performance ability. In this study highly skilled cricket players and highly skilled soccer academy players, who were actively participating at a provincial level of competition, served as subjects. Due to professional reasons, the soccer academy players had to withdraw from this study. The provincial cricket players continued for the duration of the programme. Thus, due to the abovementioned the aim of this study was two fold, to determine whether statistically significant differences exist between the pre and post-training measurements of cricket players on several visual skills tests and secondly to determine whether statistically significant differences exist between the pre-training measurements of cricket and soccer players on the various visual skills measurements. The data of the variables tested were coded in computer format and statistically evaluated. Since the sample is relatively small non-parametric statistics were used to analyse the data. Two different Non-parametric t-tests were used: the Wilcoxon test is the distribution-free analogue of the t-test for related samples and the Mann-Whitney test is the distribution-free alternative to the independent samples t-test and was used for testing the differences between the means of the cricket players and the soccer players. After the initial testing the cricket players participated in an eight-week visual skill and performance skills programme for 60 minutes a day, once a week. The programme included sports vision activities, speed and agility activities and ball skills activities. Hereafter a retest was done. The pre-training and post-training values of the cricket players were recorded and significance of difference was determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. The experimental research revealed that the visual skills programme did have a significant influence on most of the tested variables (ball handling skills, co-ordination, visual awareness, eye tracking skills, accuracy, peripheral awareness, pro-action – reaction skills and visual concentration). For some variables that were tested on the experimental group (the cricket players) improvements were found, which indicates that the improvements can be ascribed to the visual skills programme. The results indicated that more than half of the variables tested improved. It can thus be concluded that the hypothesis that was set for this paper has been proven right. Statistics indicated that there was an increase in most of the variables tested (ball handling skills, co-ordination, visual awareness, eye tracking skills, accuracy, peripheral awareness, proaction – reaction skills and visual concentration), which prove then that visual skills training will result in an increase in the players’ visual fields resulting to an increase in the visual skills on and off the cricket fields. Visual skills training programmes are beneficial to competitive sports performance. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

L'industrie est aujourd'hui, comme elle a toujours été, une pierre angulaire de l'économie pour chaque pays développé. Avoir une base solide en entreprises industrielles est très important parce qu’elles poussent et stimulent tous les autres secteurs de l'économie, et offrent également une grande variété d'emplois qui apporte des bonnes conditions de vie dans de nombreux secteurs de la société. L’augmentation de la concurrence mondiale, l’évolution rapide du marché, la nécessité de créer des entreprises stables avec des usines rentables obligent la mise en oeuvre d’une démarche globale prenant en compte à la fois les aspects techniques, économiques, logistiques et sociétaux lors de la conception d’un système de production innovant. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer au développement d’un concept innovant de Systèmes de Production Reconfigurables et Agiles (SPRA) permettant de s'adapter rapidement et efficacement aux exigences imposées du marché, des clients, de la technologie des procédés, de l’environnement et de la société afin que l’entreprise soit dynamique, compétitive et rentable. Dans ces travaux de thèse, la proposition d'un modèle générique et la caractérisation de ce nouveau type de système de production ont été décrits en utilisant le langage de modélisation des systèmes complexes (SysML : Systems Modeling Language). Ensuite, nous avons développé un processus de reconfiguration qui représente une démarche à suivre pour concevoir et implanter une nouvelle configuration. De plus, un pilotage opérationnel adapté au SPRA a été introduit. Enfin, quelques travaux développés au cours de cette thèse ont été partiellement déployés sur un démonstrateur industriel au sein de la plate-forme AIP-PRIMECA Auvergne. / Industry is, today as it has always been, a cornerstone of the economy for any developed country. Having a strong manufacturing base is very important because it impels and stimulates all the other sectors of the economy. It provides a wide variety of job, which bring higher standards of living to many sectors of society, and builds a strong middle class. Increasing global competition, rapid changes in the marketplace and the need to create stable companies with profitable plants require the implementation of a global approach, taking into account technical, economic, logistic and societal aspects in the design of an innovative manufacturing system. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of an innovative concept of Reconfigurable and Agile Manufacturing Systems (RAMS) to adapt quickly and effectively to the requirements imposed by markets, customers, technology processes, the environment and society, to ensure that the enterprise is dynamic, competitive and profitable. In this thesis work, the characterization and proposal of a generic model for this new type of manufacturing system have been described using the language of complex systems modeling (SysML: Systems Modeling Language). We have developed a reconfiguration process that represents the approach to follow in the design and implementation of a new configuration. In addition, the operational control of a RAMS has been introduced. Finally, some works developed in this thesis have been partially deployed on an industrial demonstrator within the AIP-PRIMECA Auvergne organisation.

<p>Циљ истраживања је да се утврде ефекти 8 недеља изоинерцијалног тренинга на доминантне моторичке способности кошаркаша. Испитаници, 36 кошаркаша јуниорског узраста (17.58&plusmn;0.50 година) су подељени у 3 групе: прву експерименталну (ЕСС; n=12) која је вежбала тренинге снаге на изоинерцијалном тренажеру, другу експерименталну (CON; n=12) која је вежбала традиционални изодинамички тренинг снаге са слободним теговима, и контролну групу (KON; n=12) која није вежбала тренинге снаге. Током есперименталног програма ЕСС и CON групе су имале укупно по 12 тренинга снаге са истоветним бројем серија и понављања. На крају четврте недеље код обе експерименталне групе спроведен је тест постактивацијске потенцијације (ПАП) како би се утврдили акутни ефекти различитих метода тренинга у 4 временске тачке: 2, 4, 8 и 15 минута након вежби са оптерећењем. Резултати су показали да постоји статистички значајна разлика као последица примене различитих метода тренинга снаге у трајању од 8 недеља при чему је изоинерцијални тренинг довео до значајно бољих резултата у варијаблама скокова SJ, CMJ, VJ и у скоку са леве ноге CMJLN, затим у тесту спринта 5 m&nbsp; и тестовима агилности Т тест и 505 са окретом око десне ноге. Нису утврђене статистички значајне разлике у тестовима изометријске снаге, скока са десне ноге CMJDN, трчања 20 m и тесту агилности 505 са окретом око леве ноге. У тесту ПАП ефеката није било статистички значајне разлике у резултатима као последице различитих метода вежбања. При томе, СОN група је имала значајно побољшање у тесту скока VJ док је код ЕСС групе значајан ефекат у варијаблама скока VJ и Т тест агилности. Није било значајних ефеката ПАП у тестовима трчања 5 и 20 метара. Добијени резултати указују да изоинерцијални тренинг у трајању од 8 недеља доводи до бољих резултата у развоју експлозивне снаге, брзине и агилности младих кошаркаша у поређењу са традиционалним изодинамичким тренингом, али не и у ПАП ефектима. У складу с тим, тренери и кондициони тренери би требали да у раду са младим спортистима користе и ову методу тренинга снаге.</p> / <p>Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrde efekti 8 nedelja izoinercijalnog treninga na dominantne motoričke sposobnosti košarkaša. Ispitanici, 36 košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta (17.58&plusmn;0.50 godina) su podeljeni u 3 grupe: prvu eksperimentalnu (ESS; n=12) koja je vežbala treninge snage na izoinercijalnom trenažeru, drugu eksperimentalnu (CON; n=12) koja je vežbala tradicionalni izodinamički trening snage sa slobodnim tegovima, i kontrolnu grupu (KON; n=12) koja nije vežbala treninge snage. Tokom esperimentalnog programa ESS i CON grupe su imale ukupno po 12 treninga snage sa istovetnim brojem serija i ponavljanja. Na kraju četvrte nedelje kod obe eksperimentalne grupe sproveden je test postaktivacijske potencijacije (PAP) kako bi se utvrdili akutni efekti različitih metoda treninga u 4 vremenske tačke: 2, 4, 8 i 15 minuta nakon vežbi sa opterećenjem. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji statistički značajna razlika kao posledica primene različitih metoda treninga snage u trajanju od 8 nedelja pri čemu je izoinercijalni trening doveo do značajno boljih rezultata u varijablama skokova SJ, CMJ, VJ i u skoku sa leve noge CMJLN, zatim u testu sprinta 5 m&nbsp; i testovima agilnosti T test i 505 sa okretom oko desne noge. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u testovima izometrijske snage, skoka sa desne noge CMJDN, trčanja 20 m i testu agilnosti 505 sa okretom oko leve noge. U testu PAP efekata nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u rezultatima kao posledice različitih metoda vežbanja. Pri tome, SON grupa je imala značajno poboljšanje u testu skoka VJ dok je kod ESS grupe značajan efekat u varijablama skoka VJ i T test agilnosti. Nije bilo značajnih efekata PAP u testovima trčanja 5 i 20 metara. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da izoinercijalni trening u trajanju od 8 nedelja dovodi do boljih rezultata u razvoju eksplozivne snage, brzine i agilnosti mladih košarkaša u poređenju sa tradicionalnim izodinamičkim treningom, ali ne i u PAP efektima. U skladu s tim, treneri i kondicioni treneri bi trebali da u radu sa mladim sportistima koriste i ovu metodu treninga snage.</p> / <p>The aim of this research is to determine the effects of an 8-week isoinertial training on dominant motor abilities of basketball players. Examinees, i.e. 36 junior basketball players, (17.58&plusmn;0.50 years) are divided into 3 groups: the first experimental group (ECC; n=12) which took strength training exercises on isoinertial training device, the second experimental (CON; n=12) which took traditional isodynamic strength training with free weights, and a control group (CON; n=12) which did not take any strength training exercises. During the experimental program, the ECC and CON groups had 12 strength training sessions in total including the same number of series and repetitions. At the end of the fourth week, both experimental groups were tested for post-activational potentiation (PAP) in order to determine acute effects of different training methods in 4 time points: 2, 4, 8 and 15 minutes after loading exercises. The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant difference as a result of the application of different strength training methods lasting for 8 weeks, since the isoinertial training brought about significantly better results in the variables of jumps SJ, CMJ, VJ and jump off the left foot CMJLN, as well as in the 5m sprint test and agility tests (T-test and 505 test with turn on the right leg). No statistically significat differences were found in tests of: isometric strength, jump off the right foot CMJDN, 20m run and 505 agility test with the turn on the left leg. Also, there were no statistically significant differences as a result of different exercise methods in the PAP test. In that process, CON group had significant improvement in VJ jump test, whereas in ECC group a significant effect was found in the variables of VJ and agility T-test. The 5m and 20m run tests showed no significant PAP effects either. In comparison with the traditional isodynamic training, the findings indicate that isoinertial training lasting for 8 weeks gives rise to better results in the development of explosive strength, speed and agility of young basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers should use this method of strength training in work with young athletes.</p>