Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-20T12:08:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o corre??o final - Christian.pdf: 2735367 bytes, checksum: 73fdc67c9898d886fdbd0e0cce1dfad3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-08T16:47:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o corre??o final - Christian.pdf: 2735367 bytes, checksum: 73fdc67c9898d886fdbd0e0cce1dfad3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T16:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o corre??o final - Christian.pdf: 2735367 bytes, checksum: 73fdc67c9898d886fdbd0e0cce1dfad3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Mahanarva fimbriolata, M. spectabilis, M. liturata and M. posticata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) s?o conhecidas como pragas de planta??es de cana-de-a??car e pastagem em todo Brasil. Por alimentarem-se diretamente da seiva das plantas, esses cercop?deos causam fitotoxicidade e devido a isso diminuem a produ??o. A modelagem da distribui??o de esp?cies permite analisar a poss?vel occurencia das quatro esp?cies na Am?rica do Sul e Central. Para criar modelos de distribui??o de esp?cies foram utilizados em R, os algoritmos Bioclim, Domain, diferentes modelos lineares generalizados e Maxent. Nesses modelos foram utilizadas vari?veis bioclim?ticas atuais e futuras, al?m da eleva??o e outras vari?veis agr?colas. As vari?veis clim?ticas futuras s?o para os anos 2050 e 2070 com diferentes repentant concentration pathways. As esp?cies apresentam habitats adequados em diferentes pa?ses da Am?rica do Sul e Central, onde as planta??es de cana-de-a??car s?o abundantes. Os resultados das an?lises clim?ticas futuras n?o apresentaram diferen?as em rela??o ?s an?lises clim?ticas atuais. No geral, o algoritmo Maxent mostrou os maiores valores de AUC e o Bioclim os menores. As vari?veis que mais contribu?ram para os modelos s?o: eleva??o, isothermality e diferentes vari?veis de precipita??o. As mudan?as clim?ticas e ciclos de vida de insetos adicionais n?o t?m impacto em habitats adequados dos insetos. Em geral, o Maxent ? o melhor algoritmo para realizar modelos de distribui??o de esp?cies com um n?mero baixo de pontos de ocorr?ncia e an?lises de mudan?as clim?ticas. / Mahanarva fimbriolata, M. spectabilis, M. liturata and M. posticata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are known pests for sugarcane and pasture plantations throughout Brazil. By direct sap feeding on the plants they cause phytotoxicity and due to this they decrease the production of plantations. With species distribution modeling it is possible to analyze the possible occurence of the four species in South and Central America. To create species distribution models the algorithms Bioclim, Domain, different generalized linear models and Maxent were used in R. For those models current and future bioclimatic variables as well as elevation and other agricultural variables were used. The future climatic variables are for the years 2050 and 2070 with different repentant concentration pathways. The species show suitable habitats in different countries in South and Central America where sugarcane plantations are abundant. The results of the future climate analyzes do not show differences compared to the current climate analyzes. Overall the Maxent algorithm showed the highest AUC scores and Bioclim the lowest. The variables which contributed the most to the models are elevation, isothermality and different precipitation variables. Climate change and therefore additional insect lifecycles do not have an impact on the insect?s suitable habitats. Overall Maxent is the best algorithm to perform species distribution models with a low number of occurrence points and for climate change analyzes.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-04-23T11:43:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 467481 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2103738 bytes, checksum: 93de3c598525f0ac8370f5697bdb1c5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-23T11:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467481 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2103738 bytes, checksum: 93de3c598525f0ac8370f5697bdb1c5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / This research proposes a theoretical and reflective crossing between Public Communication and Folk Communication in order to understand the dialogical processes established between the State and beneficiares of land reform. While the first focus on meeting the needs of citizens, the Brazilian theory of communication, by Luiz Beltr?o, values handcraft and horizontal broadcasting methodologies, in which data is encoded and transferred via family channels and languages to the audience. In this sense, we investigate the route of the official message from a federal agency to rural communities in Rio Grande do Sul?s countryside, and describes how these land workers receive the information from the regional superintendence of the Instituto Nacional de Coloniza??o e Reforma Agr?ria (Incra-RS) and what values they assign to it. The interpretation is based on Paulo Freire?s conscience-raising thought, recognizing the interaction of dialectical practices with reality, and Juan Bordenave?s ideas of social and democratic participation. Through an anthropological gaze, anchored in the method chosen - Winkin (1998), Angrosino (2009) and Geertz?s (1989) Ethnography ? communication is shown through the eyes of the recipient. As data gathering technique, we used in-depth interviews with 19 participants: 6 families from Guajuviras settlement (in S?o Gabriel) and 9 from Novo Horizonte II (in Santa Margarida do Sul), 3 agricultural extension professionals that meet these locations and one employee from Incra-RS working in the region. We found out that the Public Communication among the investigated population is mediated by folk comunicational practices, supported essentially in orality, since, in most cases, official contents do not reach the public through conventional media, such as newspapers, for example. Television is the main vehicle used by settlers, given the precariousness of phone, internet and radio signals, and mail services. Thus, the diffusion of information is done by several external agents, drawing a nonlinear path between sender (Incra-RS) and receivers (settled families), which demand an increasingly relational and interactive communication with the public and appropriate to the specificities of the rural world. / A presente pesquisa prop?e um cruzamento te?rico-reflexivo entre Comunica??o P?blica e Folkcomunica??o, no intuito de compreender os processos dial?gicos instaurados entre o Estado e assentados da reforma agr?ria. Enquanto a primeira centraliza o foco no atendimento das necessidades do cidad?o, a teoria brasileira de comunica??o, de Luiz Beltr?o, valoriza metodologias de transmiss?o artesanais e horizontais, onde dados s?o codificados e repassados em linguagens e canais familiares ? audi?ncia. Nesse sentido, investiga-se o percurso da mensagem oficial de uma autarquia federal at? comunidades rurais no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como se descreve de que maneira esses agricultores recebem a informa??o da superintend?ncia regional do Instituto Nacional de Coloniza??o e Reforma Agr?ria (Incra-RS) e qual o valor atribuem a ela. A interpreta??o baseia-se no pensamento conscientizador de Paulo Freire, reconhecendo a intera??o de pr?ticas dial?ticas com a realidade, e nas ideias de participa??o social e democr?tica de Juan Bordenave. Atrav?s de uma mirada socioantropol?gica, ancorada no m?todo escolhido ? a Etnografia de Winkin (1998), Angrosino (2009) e Geertz (1989) ? tratase a comunica??o pelo olhar de quem a recebe. Como t?cnica de levantamento de dados utilizou-se a entrevista em profundidade, com um total de 19 participantes: 6 fam?lias do assentamento Guajuviras (em S?o Gabriel) e 9 do Novo Horizonte II (em Santa Margarida do Sul), 3 extensionistas que atendem essas localidades e um funcion?rio do Incra que atua na regi?o. Constatou-se que a Comunica??o P?blica, entre a popula??o investigada, ? mediada por pr?ticas folkcomunicacionais, amparadas, essencialmente, na oralidade, uma vez que, na maioria dos casos, os conte?dos oficiais n?o chegam por meios de comunica??o convencionais, como o jornal, por exemplo. A televis?o ? o principal ve?culo usado pelos agricultores, tendo em vista a precariedade dos sinais de telefonia, de internet e de r?dio, e os servi?os de correio. Assim, a transmiss?o da informa??o ? feita por diversos agentes externos, desenhando um trajeto n?o-linear entre emissor (Incra) e receptores (assentados), o qual demanda uma comunica??o cada vez mais relacional e interativa com os p?blicos e adequada ?s especificidades do mundo rural.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-07T18:57:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468106 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 891418 bytes, checksum: 13bcdf3602d01f9b50fff916a21f4be2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T18:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468106 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 891418 bytes, checksum: 13bcdf3602d01f9b50fff916a21f4be2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Pesticides are used for the control, prevention and eradication of unwanted organisms in agricultural production worldwide. In Brazil, the use of pesticides is widespread in many production crops such as soybeans and rice. Thus, the massive use of these chemicals results in varied and unknown means of contamination. The chemical or biological control is applied to the total or partial supression of these agricultural pests by adopting chemical methods or natural agents. Thus, the mollusks are one of the pests group which interfere with paddy production process may cause significant damage to production. Here we evaluated the potency of lyophilized plant extracts (decoction and butanol fraction) of Ilex paraguariensis unripe fruits on the chemical control of the rice pest snail Pomacea canaliculata under laboratory conditions and in a non-target organism, fry of the species Rhamdia quelen. The chromatography thin layer confirm the presence of chemical components such as saponins and flavonoids present in unripe fruits. Here delimit the Lethal concentrations averages (LC50%) and the Middle Lethal Time (LT50%) through the PROBIT test. The decoctions LC50% was 26.6 mgL-1 and TL50% was 16 h. The LC50% of butanol fraction was 24.4 mgL-1 and TL50% was 25 hr. To fry, The LC50% of decoctions was 17.6 mg L-1 and the TL50% was 11.9 h. Who are more sensitive to the extracts. Regression diagrams show the positive correlations of the toxicity of the extracts in relation to the death of animals. The measured abiotic parameters help to understand the effect that the extracts had the organisms causing the deaths. These results prove the effectiveness of chemical control in rice pest snail with plant extracts of unripe fruits of mate thus showing a sustainable alternative compared to other plants already used to control this pest mollusk. The advantage in the use of plant extracts is that the source of raw material to obtain is linked with mate production, namely industrial waste. The use of unripe fruits provide a new source of effective extracts for the chemical control of the Golden Apple Snail. / Os pesticidas s?o usados para o controle, preven??o e erradica??o de organismos n?o desej?veis na produ??o agr?cola em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o uso de pesticidas ? disseminado em muitas culturas produtivas, tais como, a soja e o arroz. Assim, o uso massivo desses produtos qu?micos resulta em variados e desconhecidos meios de contamina??o. O controle qu?mico ou biol?gico ? aplicado para a supress?o total ou parcial dessas pragas agr?colas pela ado??o de m?todos qu?micos ou de agentes naturais. Sendo assim, os moluscos representam um dos grupos de pragas que interferem no processo produtivo oriz?cola podendo causar danos significativos ? produ??o. Aqui se avaliou a pot?ncia de extratos vegetais liofilizados (decocto e fra??o butan?lica) dos frutos imaturos de Ilex paraguariensis no controle qu?mico do caramujo praga do arroz Pomacea canaliculata em condi??es laboratoriais, bem como em um organismo n?o-alvo, alevinos da esp?cie Rhamdia quelen. As cromatrografias em camada delgada comprovam a presen?a de componentes qu?micos, como saponinas e flavonoides, presentes nos frutos imaturos. Aqui delimitamos as Concentra??es Letais M?dias (CL50%) e o Tempo Letal M?dio (TL50%) atrav?s do teste PROBIT. A CL50% de decoctos foi de 26,6 mgL-1 e a TL50% foi de 16 h. A CL50% da fra??o butan?lica foi de 24,4 mgL-1 e a TL50% foi de 25 h. Para os alevinos a CL50% de decoctos foi de 17,6 mgL-1 e a TL50% foi de 11,9 h. Sendo estes mais sens?veis aos extratos. Os diagramas de regress?o mostram as correla??es positivas da toxicidade dos extratos em rela??o ao ?bito dos animais. Os par?metros abi?ticos mensurados ajudam a entender o efeito que os extratos tiveram nos organismos ocasionando os ?bitos. Esses resultados comprovam a efic?cia do controle qu?mico no caramujo praga do arroz com os extratos vegetais dos frutos imaturos de ervamate mostrando assim uma alternativa sustent?vel comparada a outras plantas j? utilizadas para o controle desse molusco praga. A vantagem no uso destes extratos vegetais ? que a fonte de mat?ria prima para obten??o est? vinculada com a produ??o ervateira, sendo eles rejeitos industriais. O aproveitamento dos frutos imaturos proporcionaria uma nova fonte de extratos eficazes para o controle qu?mico do caramujo.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-12-15T19:33:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DiogenesPachecodeMeloDissertacao2017.pdf: 3239976 bytes, checksum: b18caeb38f115d1c0955e54021adefba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-12-15T19:33:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DiogenesPachecodeMeloDissertacao2017.pdf: 3239976 bytes, checksum: b18caeb38f115d1c0955e54021adefba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiogenesPachecodeMeloDissertacao2017.pdf: 3239976 bytes, checksum: b18caeb38f115d1c0955e54021adefba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Improving the efficiency and the quality in agricultural production are fundamental needs of the producers. In an individual perspective, they need it for their own maintenance and pros-perity in a highly competitive market. Looking thru the society???s perspective, it is a condition for producing, with cleaner and more sustainable practices, adequate food and supplies in suf-ficient quantity to match the needs of a growing population. The technological evolution is a constant component that concerns the farmers. Several entities produce and disseminate key knowledge for this economy sector: which regions are suitable to the different cultures; what are the market variation prospects (of costs and revenues); what are the news about adminis-trative practices, crop driving techniques and technologies that enhance production. The influ-ence of these elements in the decisions made by the producers may represent improvements in productivity and in the quality of the products. This information is currently shared in formats and terms set individually by each institution, imposing difficulties for translation, causing inaccuracies and losses on the interpretation by those who use it. The present work aims to propose an ontology-based model, which uses the current information of these different or-ganizations. The built pattern shall use as input relevant formats which already exists and, through the knowledge of specialists, form a solution for better acquiring/transmitting the information about a given agricultural exploration cycle. The created model may be used as an easing up element for the transmission of information disposed by the agricultural produc-tion related entities, enhancing the interoperability and contributing to the knowledge trans-ference in this sector. / Ganhar efici??ncia e qualidade na produ????o agr??cola ?? necessidade fundamental dos produto-res. Na perspectiva individual, para sua pr??pria manuten????o e prosperidade em um mercado altamente competitivo. Na perspectiva da sociedade, ?? condi????o para produ????o, de forma mais limpa e sustent??vel, de alimentos e insumos em quantidade suficiente e adequada para atender ??s necessidades da popula????o crescente. A evolu????o tecnol??gica ?? componente constante das preocupa????es dos produtores agr??colas. Diversas entidades produzem e disseminam conheci-mentos-chave para o setor: regi??es aptas ??s diferentes culturas, perspectivas de varia????o de mercado (custos e receitas), pr??ticas administrativas, t??cnicas de condu????o da lavoura e tecno-logias que aprimoram a produ????o. A influ??ncia destes elementos nas tomadas de decis??o dos produtores pode representar ganhos de produtividade e qualidade dos produtos. As informa-????es neste setor s??o, atualmente, compartilhadas em formatos e termos definidos individual-mente por cada institui????o ??? impondo dificuldades para a tradu????o, imprecis??es e perdas na interpreta????o por quem as consome. Este trabalho tem como finalidade propor modelo basea-do em ontologia que utilize as informa????es presentes nestes diferentes formatos. O padr??o constru??do dever?? levar em conta relevantes formatos j?? existentes e, contando com o conhe-cimento de especialistas, moldar solu????o para melhor capturar/transmitir as informa????es sobre um dado ciclo de explora????o agr??cola. O modelo criado poder?? ser utilizado como elemento de facilita????o para o tr??nsito de informa????es disponibilizadas pelas entidades participantes do mercado de produ????o agr??cola, promovendo a interoperabilidade e a facilitando a transfer??n-cia de conhecimentos no setor.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448420.PDF: 5410555 bytes, checksum: 401d310c66a1a101524060e44f490893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-13 / The Twentieth Century is marked by numerous technological advances, a fact that allowed related sectors to food, health and agriculture have evolved rapidly. However, such improvements are linked to the use of compounds chemically synthesized by exposing humankind and the environment to harmful compounds, with components often unknown (Oga, 2003). Agricultural chemicals are commonly used in plantations worldwide, in order to avoid crop damage (Moreira et al., 2002). These applications are justified by the fact that a percentage around 10% of the crop is eventually lost because of pests in general, therefore, the use of agrochemicals is related not only for economic reasons, but also technical and social (M?dio and Martins, 1997) ... (continua) All research protocols used in this work were authorized by the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul Animal Research Ethics Committee with registration number CEUA 11/00250, as set forth in approval letter number 157/11- CEUA, December 2011. / O s?culo XX ? marcado por in?meros avan?os tecnol?gicos, fato este que permitiu com que setores como os relacionados ? alimenta??o, sa?de e agricultura rapidamente evolu?ssem. Contudo, tais melhorias est?o atreladas a utiliza??o de compostos quimicamente sintetizados, expondo o homem e o meio ambiente a compostos nocivos, com propriedades muitas vezes desconhecidas (Oga, 2003). Qu?micos agr?colas s?o comumente utilizados em planta??es no mundo todo, com a finalidade de evitar danos ?s colheitas (Moreira et al., 2002). Estas aplica??es se justificam pelo fato de que uma porcentagem em torno de 10% das safras acaba sendo perdida em raz?es de pragas em geral, portanto, o uso de agroqu?micos est? atrelado n?o s? a raz?es econ?micas, mas tamb?m t?cnicas e sociais (M?dio e Martins, 1997) ... (continua) Todos os protocolos de pesquisa utilizados neste trabalho foram autorizados pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisas Animais da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande com n?mero de registro CEUA 11/00250, conforme estabelecidos pela carta de aprova??o 157/11- CEUA, Dezembro 2011.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-25T15:13:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Lucrencio_ultima_versao.pdf: 7732151 bytes, checksum: 29051dce818f171e5f68bd2dfd17cfd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-25T15:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Lucrencio_ultima_versao.pdf: 7732151 bytes, checksum: 29051dce818f171e5f68bd2dfd17cfd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-30 / Mozambique is in the process of agricultural expansion, particularly in the areas of predominance of Miombo Biome, mostly located in the northern part of the country, driven by the trilateral cooperation program (ProSAVANA) involving Mozambique, Brazil and Japan. Some studies were already conducted by this program, for instance, related to the adaptability of maize and soybean seeds in this area. This study aims to analyze, by the biophysical point of view, the favorability of the agricultural expansion in the northern part of Mozambique in the scope of ProSAVANA, based on the Japan- Brazil cooperation program (PRODECER) experiences in the western part of Bahia. As basic materials, digital elevation models from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) were used to generate hypsometric and slope maps from both sites, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) to compare rainfall data from both sites, data from MODIS/Terra (MOD13Q1) sensor to compare the structure of the most representative biome from both regions. Spatial database containing watershed boundary, forest reserves and soils types were also considered. Techniques of digital image processing, spatial analysis and spatial modeling available in the ENVI 4.8TM and ArcMapTM 10 software packages were used. For the best performance of the EVI data, the Double Logistic filter available in the TIMESAT 3xTM software was applied. Data were analysed based on statistical methods of frequency, histogram and regression. As results, a map of suitability for agricultural expansion areas based on physiographic parameters were obtained over 4.8 million hectares (73 percent of the total area) as well as a database with information of the physical conditions of the both region. The method used here was relatively simple and can be reproduced for other similar researches. / Mo?ambique encontra-se em processo de expans?o agr?cola, em especial, nas ?reas de predom?nio do Bioma Miombo, localizadas, em sua maior extens?o, ao norte do pa?s, impulsionado pelo programa de coopera??o trilateral envolvendo Mo?ambique, Jap?o e Brasil, denominado ProSAVANA. Alguns estudos j? foram conduzidos por esse programa, por exemplo, relacionados com a adaptabilidade das sementes de milho e sorgo na regi?o norte de Mo?ambique. Esse estudo procura analisar, sob ponto de vista biof?sico, a favorabilidade ? expans?o agr?cola da regi?o de predom?nio do bioma Miombo ao norte de Mo?ambique (Corredor de Nacala) no ?mbito do ProSAVANA, ? luz da experi?ncia do programa PRODECER do oeste da Bahia. Como materiais b?sicos, foram utilizados os modelos digitais de eleva??o da Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) na gera??o de mapas de hipsometria e declividade, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) na an?lise comparativa de dados de precipita??o, dados do sensor MODIS/Terra (MOD13Q1) na compara??o da estrutura da vegeta??o predominante nas duas regi?es (oeste da Bahia e Nacala), al?m do banco de dados espaciais contendo dados sobre as bacias hidrogr?ficas, reservas florestais e solos. Foram utilizadas t?cnicas de processamento digital de imagens e an?lise espacial dispon?veis nos aplicativos ENVI 4.8 e ArcMap 10 e ferramentas de modelagem de dados geogr?ficos. Para uma melhor an?lise dos dados EVI, usou-se o filtro Log?stica Dupla dispon?vel no programa TIMESAT 3.x, que possibilitou a suaviza??o dos ru?dos presentes nesse tipo de dados. Os dados foram analisados com base em m?todos estat?sticos utilizando a regress?o linear e an?lises de frequ?ncia e histogramas. Como resultados, obteve-se um mapa de ?reas favor?veis ? expans?o agr?cola sob ponto de vista fisiogr?fico, na regi?o norte de Mo?ambique, avaliadas em cerca de 4.8 milh?es de hectares (73% da ?rea total), al?m de um banco de dados contendo informa??es sobre as condi??es f?sicas de ambas regi?es. O m?todo utilizado nesse estudo foi relativamente simples e pode ser estendida para outras pesquisas similares.

I lattobacilli probiotici devono sopravvivere al passaggio attraverso il tratto intestinale, che significa principalmente al pH acido nello stomaco e alla concentrazione di bile nell'intestino tenue. Questi tratti richiedono un adattamento specifico, suggerendo che gli isolati intestinali hanno più probabilità di sopravvivere dopo l'ingestione. L. helveticus CNBL 1254, un ceppo isolato dall'ambiente lattiero-caseario, mostra - in vitro - una gamma completa di fenotipi correlati all'adattamento intestinale: è, infatti, in grado di sopravvivere al transito gastrointestinale chimicamente simulato e ai sali biliari, anche se il suo gene bsh ha una delezione che lo rende non funzionale. L'analisi di RNA-Seq condotta in presenza dello 0,1% di sali biliari evidenzia una sovraespressione della proteina precursore del S-layer e del aggregation promoting factor. Inoltre, nelle proteine selezionate dall'analisi VIP della statistica multivariata OPLS-DA condotta per i dati proteomici, abbiamo riscontrato un aumento globale delle proteine ribosomiali e del S-layer con un VIP-score di 1,33 e un fold change di 2,41 che suggerisce la presenza, in questo ceppo di L. helveticus, di un meccanismo di resistenza non ancora descritto per l'ambiente intestinale. / Probiotic lactobacilli have to survive to the passage through the intestinal tract, mainly acid pH in the stomach and bile concentration in the small intestine. These traits require a specific niche adaptation, suggesting that intestinal isolates are most likely to survive after ingestion. However L. helveticus CNBL 1254, a strain isolated from dairy environment, shows in vitro a full range of phenotypes related to gut adaptation. It is able to survival to the chemically simulated gastrointestinal transit and to bile salts, even if its bsh gene has a deletion that make it non-functional. RNA-Seq analysis conducted in the presence of 0.1% of bile salts highlights an over expression of S-layer protein precursor and aggregation promoting factor. Furthermore in the proteins selected by VIP analysis of OPLS-DA multivariate statistic conducted for proteomic data ,we have found global increase in the ribosomal proteins and a S-layer protein with a VIP-score of 1.33 and a fold change of 2.41 suggesting the presence in this strain of L. helveticus of a not yet described mechanism of resistance to the gut environment.

La tesi analizza la competitività nel commercio internazionale con un approccio multidimensionale. Il lavoro verte su tre livelli: a) una analisi di indicatori di produttività in aziende agroalimentari che operano con maggiore successo nel mercato estero; b) il ruolo delle agenzie di promozione a supporto delle aziende esportatrici; c) le barriere non tariffarie e le vertenze a livello dell’organizzazione mondiale del commercio (WTO) in materia sanitaria e fitosanitaria. Il lavoro condotto nelle tre prospettive microeconomica, istituzionale e internazionale, sottolinea il legame del commercio estero quale fattore di miglioramento della competitività delle aziende, evidenzia inoltre il ruolo importante delle istituzioni ed agenzie di supporto che accompagnano le aziende nel processo di internazionalizzazione, infine viene messo in luce la modifica dei rapporti internazionali per quanto attiene le barriere non tariffarie e le vertenze in campo sanitario e fitosanitario fra i Paesi aderenti al Wto, evidenziando una riduzione della centralità di Stati Uniti ed Unione Europea. / The thesis analyzes the competitiveness in international trade with a multidimensional approach. The work focuses on three levels: a) an analysis of productivity indicators in the agro-food and beverage companies that operate with greater success in the foreign market; b) the role of promotion agencies in support of exporting companies; c) and finally, non-tariff barriers and trade concerns at the level of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in sanitary and phytosanitary matters. The work, conducted in the three perspectives (microeconomic, institutional and international), underlines the link between foreign trade as a factor in improving the competitiveness of companies, also highlights the important role of the institutions and support agencies that accompany companies in the internationalization process, and finally it sheds light on the change in international relations, regarding non-tariff barriers and sanitary and phytosanitary trade concerns between the WTO members, highlighting a reduction in the centrality of the United States and European Union.

Advances in dynamic fracture modelling have become more frequent due to increases in computer speed, meaning that its application to industrial problems has become viable. From this, the author has reviewed current literature in terms of graphite material properties, structural dynamics, fracture mechanics and modelling methodologies to be able to address operational issues related to the ageing of Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) cores. In particular, the experimentally observed Prompt Secondary Cracking (PSC) of graphite moderator bricks which has yet to be observed within operational reactors, with the objective of supporting their plant life extension. A method known as eXtended Finite Element Method with Cohesive Zones (XCZM) was developed within Code_Aster open-source FEM software. This enabled the incorporation of velocity toughening, irradiation-induced material degradation effects and multiple 3D dynamic crack initiations, propagations and arrests into a single model, which covers the major known attributes of the PSC mechanism. Whilst developing XCZM, several publications were produced. This started with first demonstrating XCZM's ability to model the PSC mechanism in 2D and consequently that methane holes have a noticeable effect on crack propagation speeds. Following on from this, XCZM was benchmarked in 2D against literature experiments and available model data which consequently highlighted that velocity toughening was an integral feature in producing energetically correct fracture speeds. Leading on from this, XCZM was taken into 3D and demonstrated that it produced experimentally observed bifurcation angle from a literature example. This meant that when a 3D graphite brick was modelled that the crack profile was equivalent to an accepted quasi-static profile. As a consequence of this validation, the XCZM approach was able to model PSC and give insight into features that could not be investigated previously including: finer-scale heterogeneous effects on a dynamic crack profile, comparison between Primary and Secondary crack profiles and also, 3D crack interaction with a methane hole, including insight into possible crack arrest. XCZM was shown to improve upon previous 2D models of experiments that showed the plausibility of PSC; this was achieved by eliminating the need for user intervention and also incorporation of irradiation damage effects through User-defined Material properties (UMAT). Finally, while applying XCZM to a full-scale 3D graphite brick including reactor effects, it was shown that PSC is likely to occur under LEFM assumptions and that the Secondary crack initiates before the Primary crack arrests axially meaning that modal analysis would not be able to fully model PSC.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-08-22T16:38:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARIA_RITA_MACEDO_CUERVO_PARCIAL.pdf: 1715589 bytes, checksum: d9b81f0acd61ac62bd361b58c371db66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T16:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MARIA_RITA_MACEDO_CUERVO_PARCIAL.pdf: 1715589 bytes, checksum: d9b81f0acd61ac62bd361b58c371db66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-12 / This study, presented as a requirement for the degree of Doctor of Psychology, brings reflections on identity, cultural, psychosocial and ideological elements involved on eating through an agroecological fair. Objectives: to understand the agroecological fair FAE as a community of culturally significant food practices in the axis of production, distribution, preparation and consumption. Identify the cultural, social and ideological elements, and the types of relationships between social actors involved. Methods: it were conducted three studies. In the first, an trial, discusses the psychosocial aspects involved in food processing. Once the choice about what to eat [,] in today's society is culturally guided by broader processes of global society, it is essential also consider the setting of contemporary capitalism and its impact on production of subjectivities. Food processes are no exception in this dynamic capitalist. The second article presents ethnographic reflections on the agroecological fair in Porto Alegre. During the research at the street market and especially by the approach of the actors, through conversations, diary and photographs, it was possible to see subjectivity in relationships. The third article deals with the discussions about the interviews. The data analysis were performed through content analysis, focusing on thematic analysis. The typesetting helped in discussions and new meanings. Results: It was possible to identify [,] through the "voice of the food," things like confidence and sociability in social relations, consumption as a form of political participation and responsibility in relation to social and environmental problems. A concern with food and health. Final thoughts: the participation in the fair can be seen as a search for alternatives to the environmental crisis, social and identity of contemporary society. The food that comes from fair has identity, is spiced with ideals and social relations, with touch of memory and affection. / O presente estudo, apresentado como requisito para obter o grau de Doutor em Psicologia, apresenta reflex?es sobre identidade, elementos culturais, psicossociais e ideol?gicos envolvidos na alimenta??o, atrav?s de uma feira agroecol?gica. Objetivos: Compreender a feira agroecol?gica FAE como uma comunidade de pr?ticas alimentares culturalmente significativas no eixo da produ??o, distribui??o, preparo e consumo. Identificar os elementos culturais, sociais e ideol?gicos, e os tipos de rela??es envolvidos entre os atores sociais. M?todo: Foram realizados tr?s estudos. No primeiro, um ensaio, s?o discutidos os aspectos psicossociais implicados nos processos alimentares. Uma vez que a escolha do que comer, na sociedade atual, ? culturalmente pautada por processos mais amplos da sociedade global, ? fundamental ainda considerarmos a configura??o do capitalismo contempor?neo e seu impacto na produ??o de subjetividades. Os processos alimentares n?o s?o uma exce??o nessa din?mica capitalista. O segundo artigo traz reflex?es etnogr?ficas sobre uma feira agroecol?gica de Porto Alegre. A partir do andar na feira e principalmente pela aproxima??o dos atores, atrav?s das conversas, di?rio de campo e fotografias, foi poss?vel ver a subjetividade nas rela??es. O terceiro artigo trata das discuss?es sobre as entrevistas. A an?lise das entrevistas foi realizada atrav?s da an?lise de conte?do, com foco na an?lise tem?tica. A fotocomposi??o ajudou nas discuss?es e apreens?o de novos significados. Resultados: Foi poss?vel identificar, atrav?s da ?voz da comida?, aspectos como confian?a e sociabilidade nas rela??es sociais, o consumo como uma forma de participa??o pol?tica e uma responsabilidade em rela??o aos problemas socioambientais. Uma preocupa??o com a alimenta??o e sa?de. Considera??es Finais: A participa??o na feira pode ser vista como uma busca de alternativas para a crise ambiental, social e de identidade da sociedade contempor?nea. A comida que vem da feira tem identidade, ? temperada com ideais e rela??es sociais, com toque de mem?ria e afeto.