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Alterações pós-colheita em raízes de mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft.): atividade enzimática, identificação de contaminante e caracterização parcial do amido / Post-harvest changes in mandiqui-parsley roots (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft.): enzymatic activity, contaminant identification and partial characterization of starchPires, Tatiana da Costa Raposo 26 August 2005 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos verificar as alterações na atividade de enzimas amilolíticas, pectinolíticas e celulásicas em raízes de mandioquinha-salsa durante o período pós-colheita, sob diferentes condições de armazenamento, visando avaliar os mecanismos de deterioração das raízes, bem como identificar o microrganismo possivelmente responsável pela alta perecibilidade das raízes. Além disso, foram estudadas características físico-químicas e reológicas do amido de mandioquinha extraído em laboratório. Para a detecção de atividade pectinesterásica (PE) e poligalacturonásica (PG) nas raízes, os parâmetros de extração destas enzimas foram otimizados através de metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR). As enzimas apresentaram pH ótimo de extração de 7,5 e 4,0 para a PE e PG, respectivamente, sendo os outros parâmetros, como tempo de extração e concentração de NaCI, considerados como não-significativos pelo modelo. As enzimas pectinolíticas parecem estar relacionadas à deterioração das raízes durante o armazenamento, associadas ao amolecimento das raízes. Devido à alta produção de gás, sob condições de temperatura e embalagem, a presença de bactérias produtoras de enzimas pécticas e causadoras de podridão-mole pode ser uma das principais causas da alta perecibilidade das raízes. A atividade amilolítica apresenta um importante papel na deterioração da mandioquinha uma vez os açúcares redutores provenientes da hidrólise do amido podem vir a ser substrato para o ataque de microrganismos oportunistas. Representa um dos principais aspectos metabólicos em um tubérculo rico em amido. A atividade celulásica foi praticamente nula durante o armazenamento. A melhor forma de conservação das raízes ocorreu à temperatura de refrigeração, sob acondicionamento a vácuo. O microrganismo isolado das raízes foi identificado através de provas bioquímicas como Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorífera. Em relação às características físico-químicas, o amido de mandioquinha apresentou um teor de amilose abaixo dos valores determinados para cereais e raízes convencionais (12,1 %) e uma boa estabilidade durante a cocção, analisada através da determinação de viscosidade. A turbidez das suspensões de amido também apresentou estabilidade durante o armazenamento, assim como a sinerese, que.em condições ótimas de preparação do gel apresentou 2,53 % de expulsão de água. Ainda sobre a relação água/gel, o pH da solução e a concentração de amido influenciam significativamente a capacidade de retenção de água, enquanto a temperatura de formação do gel não se mostrou um parâmetro significativo. A textura das preparações de amido foi influenciada significativamente pela temperatura de formação do gel e pela concentração de amido utilizada na preparação. O conhecimento de algumas características reológicas e de propriedades físico-químicas do amido de mandioquinha, visando a aplicação como ingrediente alimentício, pode ser uma alternativa a utilização das raízes in natura, principalmente no que diz respeito ao excedente de safra e ao aproveitamento de raízes com baixo valor comercial. / The aim of this work was to verify the changes in amylolytic, pectinolytic and cellulasic activity in Peruvian carrot roots after harvest, under different storage conditions, in order to evaluate the deteriorative mechanisms of the roots, as well as to identify the microorganism possible responsible to its low conservation time. In addition, physico-chemical and rheological characteristics of Peruvian carrot starch were studied. For pectinesterase (PE) and poligalacturonase (PG) detection on the roots, the extraction parameters of both enzymes were optimized by response surface methodology. The enzymes presented the optimum pH values at 7.5 and 4.0 for PE and PG, respectively. Extraction time and NaCI concentration were considered non-significant by the model. Pectic enzymes seams to be related to the deterioration process of Peruvian carrot, that is associated to the root softening. Considering the high volume of gas under specific packing and temperature, the presence of microorganisms soft rot promoters could be the main cause of the high perecibility of the roots. The amylolytic enzymes present an important role on Peruvian carrot deterioration related to the starch hydrolysis and the releasing of reducing sugars, substrate for opportunistic microorganisms. The cellulasic activity was not significant during storage time. Best conditions for roots conservation occurred at 4°C and under vacuum package. The bacteria isolated from the roots were identified by biochemical reactions as Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera. Peruvian carrot starch presented low values of amylose content (12.1 %) in comparison to other starch sources and a good stability during cooking, analyzed by viscoamylogram Brabender. The turbidity of starch suspensions presented good stability during storage, as well as water holding capacity, which presented 2.53% in optimal conditions of gel preparation. Syneresis is positively influenced by the pH of past solution and starch concentration whereas temperature of gel formation was not significant. Texture of starch preparations was significant influenced by temperature of gel formation as well as starch concentration. The knowledge of some rheological and physico-chemical properties of Peruvian carrot starch can be useful focusing its use as a food ingredient, which can be an alternative to the consumption of the roots in nature, especially considering crop excesses and low commercial value roots.
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O garantidor e a novação recuperacional / The guarantor and the novation in judicial reorganizationAlves, Thiago Peixoto 26 March 2015 (has links)
O objetivo da presente dissertação é analisar os efeitos gerados aos garantidores dos devedores em recuperação judicial, quando aprovado e homologado o Plano de Recuperação Judicial destes, diante do fenômeno da novação previsto no art. 59 da Lei nº 11.101/05. Essa análise será feita a partir de um estudo geral do instituto da novação no direito civil, bem como da disciplina legal das garantias pessoais, principalmente o aval e a fiança. Com base nesta visão cível, serão comparadas as duas posições hoje existentes sobre a matéria no âmbito comercial, tanto na doutrina como na jurisprudência nacionais, com o estudo dos argumentos utilizados por aqueles que defendem a manutenção incólume da obrigação dos terceiros garantidores, independentemente da novação, com a possibilidade dos credores prosseguirem normalmente com sua cobrança, bem como por aqueles que acreditam deva ser extinta a obrigação dos garantidores com a novação. Será apontada uma interpretação alternativa, construída pelo autor, de, em um primeiro momento, ocorrer a extinção da obrigação dos garantidores, enquanto estiver sendo adimplido o Plano de Recuperação pelo devedor principal, e retorno as obrigações originais caso descumprida a proposta aprovada pelos credores. Além dos efeitos decorrentes da lei, será analisada a eficácia da cláusula comumente inserida em Planos de Recuperação, de extinção da obrigação dos garantidores com a concessão da recuperação judicial. Ao final, diante do entendimento apresentado pelo autor sobre os efeitos legais da novação para o garantidor e da eficácia da mencionada cláusula, será proposta uma alteração legislativa, nos moldes do direito argentino, para possibilitar que o terceiro garantidor apresente uma proposta de pagamento conjunta com a devedora principal, encerrando-se a divergência interpretativa hoje existente. / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the effects caused to the guarantors of the debtors that are under judicial reorganization, when their reorganization plan is approved, regarding the institute of novation provided in art. 59 of Law n. 11.101/05. This analysis will begin with an overall study on the institute of novation in civil law and also on the personal guarantees, especially endorsement and surety. Based on this civil approach, the two current existing positions on the subject in commercial law will be compared, both in national doctrine and national jurisprudence, with a specific study about the arguments used by those who defend the maintenance of the third guarantors\' obligations, irrespective of the novation, with the possibility of the creditors continuing to pursue the collection normally, and also the arguments used by those who believe that the third guarantors\' obligations should be extinct with the novation. Furthermore, an alternative position, developed by the author, will be presented. According to this position, at first, as long as the debtor is performing the reorganization plan, the guarantors\' obligations will be considered extinct. However, in case there is a breach of the plan, the obligations return to their original conditions. Besides the effects arising from the law, the effectiveness of a clause commonly included in reorganization plans, which provides for the extinction of guarantors\' obligations with the approval of the judicial reorganization, will be analyzed. Finally, based on the authors conclusions about the legal effects of the novation for the guarantor and the effectiveness of the above-mentioned clause, one legislative amendment will be suggested, based on the Argentinian Law, to allow the third guarantor to present a payment proposal together with the primary debtor, thus settling the interpretative divergence that exists nowadays.
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Rigidez e estabilidade constitucional: estudo da organização constitucional brasileira / Rigidy and stability constitutional: study on Brazilian constitutional organization.Duarte Neto, José 21 May 2009 (has links)
A Constituição de 1988 classifica-se como Rígida, porque seu procedimento de transformação é mais solene do que o das demais leis e normas. A despeito dos limites à sua transformação, experimentou amplas e reiteradas emendas, o que a faz instável. Logo, a Estabilidade constitucional é um dos fins perseguidos pela rigidez constitucional, mas com ela não se confunde. Por Estabilidade entende-se a capacidade de uma Constituição ou de uma organização constitucional de persistir e transformar-se no tempo, preservando suas principais características. A Estabilidade, enquanto categoria foi compreendida de maneira diferente na Antiguidade, na Idade Média e a partir das revoluções liberais. Deve-se a James Bryce a classificação das Constituições em Rígidas e Flexíveis. Nas primeiras, centros decisórios distintos produzem normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais; nas segundas, uma única fonte. O autor também cotejou essas Constituições com a concepção de Estabilidade. O passar dos anos obscureceu essa implicação, a recomendar a revisitação de sua obra. As Constituições Rígidas são dotadas de uma imutabilidade relativa e de uma supremacia formal. Garantidas por um modelo de controle de constitucionalidade e de institutos de superação de crises. A competência reformadora é obstaculizada por limites normativos, o que faz da Mutação Constitucional, em princípio, a expressão de sua atualização. A história constitucional brasileira é caracterizada por uma sucessão de Constituições, o que denota uma instabilidade, provocada pelos mais diferentes motivos. A Constituição de 1988 dispõe de adequados limites à alteração formal e de um complexo modelo de controle de constitucionalidade. De outro lado, não lhe impediu diversas emendas. Todavia, ainda não lhe desestruturou a identidade das normas materialmente constitucionais, sendo uma instabilidade de superfície ou aparente. O perigo é que a banalização das reformas produza uma instabilidade de fundo, que comprometa regras materialmente constitucionais. A advertência recomenda que se investigue uma solução. / The Constitution of 1988 is classified as rigid because its procedure for transformation is more solemn than that of other laws and rules. Despite the limits to its transformation, it has repeatedly undergone ample amendment, which makes it unstable. Hence, constitutional stability is one of the ends sought by constitutional rigidity, but must not be confused with it. Stability is understood as the ability of a Constitution or constitutional organization to endure and transform itself in time, while preserving its primary characteristics. Stability as a category has been understood in different ways in Antiquity, in the Middle Ages, and with the coming of liberal revolutions. Classifying Constitutions as rigid and flexible is something we owe to James Bryce. In the former, distinct decision-making centers produce constitutional and sub-constitutional rules; in the latter, a single source does. That author has also compared such Constitutions to the conception of stability. The course of time has cast a shadow on that implication, so revisiting his works might be commendable. Rigid Constitutions are endowed with a relative immutability and a formal supremacy, and assured by a framework for controlling constitutionality, and by doctrines for overcoming crises. Reformative jurisdiction has the hurdles of regulatory limits, making Constitutional Mutation, in principle, the expression of their updating. Brazilian constitutional history is characterized by a succession of Constitutions, belying an instability caused by a wide variety of reasons. The Constitution of 1988 is provided with suitable limits to formal change, and with a complex framework for controlling constitutionality. This, on the other hand, has not prevented its various amendments. However, it has not yet taken apart the identify of materially constitutional rules, as such instability is only superficial or apparent. The danger lies in the triteness of reforms leading to an in-depth stability that compromises materially constitutional rules. This warning commends looking into a solution.
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A materialidade do ICMS-Importação e a Emenda Constitucional nº 33 de 2001Vanni, Leonardo 08 September 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-08 / This paper intends to investigate into the effects related to the insertion
proposed by Constitutional Amendment No. 33 of 2001, which we understand to
have created a new tax exaction similar to import duty, but to be imposed by the
States and the Federal District.
In this sense, we seek to understand the views of the more modern doctrine
on the matter, in order to be equipped with instruments capable of understanding the
appropriateness of the amendment to the current constitutional context.
Research on screen starts with the details of tax on merchandise operations
(ICMS), in relation with the incidence of this same tax on import operations (ICMSImportação)
with merchandise. At this point, we will hold that the incident on the
import of goods does not constitute an autonomous state tax tax species and should
bear consistency with the materiality of the tax levied on domestic operations (ICMS).
Following the same lines, the study in question will reach it´s goal entering
specifically into the changes performed by that Constitutional amendment in order to
demonstrate the "extension" of the taxing power of the states and the Federal
District, made by the constitutional legislator derived, hurting taxpayer individual
guarantee, thus being unconstitutional under item IV, § 4, Article 60 of the present
Federal Constitution.
Finally, we will investigate the emblematic cases involving the particularities of
change promoted by Constitutional Amendment No. 33, 2001, in accordance with the
concepts learned in previous chapters, firming opinion about the cases analyzed / O presente trabalho tem a intenção de investigar a respeito dos efeitos
decorrentes da inserção proposta pela Emenda Constitucional nº 33 de 2001, a qual
entendemos ter criado uma nova exação tributária semelhante ao Imposto de
Importação, mas de competência dos Estados e do Distrito Federal.
Neste sentido, buscamos compreender a opinião da mais moderna doutrina
sobre a matéria, a fim de estarmos munidos de instrumentos capazes de
compreender quanto à adequação da referida Emenda ao contexto constitucional
atual.
A investigação em tela inicia pelas particularidades do imposto sobre
circulação de mercadorias (ICMS), de forma a cotejá-lo com a incidência deste
mesmo imposto sobre operações de importação. Neste ponto, defenderemos que o
imposto estadual incidente sobre importação de mercadorias não constitui espécie
tributária autônoma, devendo ostentar coerência com a materialidade do imposto
incidente nas operações internas.
Seguindo no mesmo sentido, o estudo em questão atingirá seu objetivo ao
adentrar especificamente nas alterações promovidas pela referida Emenda
constitucional, de forma a demonstrar que ao alargar a competência tributária dos
Estados e do Distrito Federal, o legislador constituinte derivado restou por ferir
direito fundamental do contribuinte, portanto incorrendo em inconstitucionalidade nos
termos do inciso IV, §4º, artigo 60 da Constituição Federal.
Finalmente, iremos investigar casos emblemáticos da jurisprudência
envolvendo as particularidades da alteração promovida pela Emenda Constitucional
nº33 de 2001, de acordo com os conceitos apreendidos nos capítulos anteriores,
firmando opinião quanto aos casos analisados
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Ecodynamique des éléments traces et caractérisation de l’exposition des sols contaminés : expérimentation et modélisation par les réseaux de neurones artificiels / Ecodynamics of trace elements (ET) and characterization of the exposure of contaminated phytoremediated soils : experimentation and modeling by artificial neural networksHattab, Nour 28 June 2013 (has links)
Les sols contaminés par les éléments traces potentiellement toxiques (PTTE) ont souvent des conséquences graves pour les écosystèmes terrestres. Plusieurs options de phytoremediaction ont été développées pour remédier les sols contaminés ; cependantl'efficacité et la capacité de ces techniques à réduire les concentrations excessives des éléments traces ou leur (phyto) disponibilité dans les sols contaminés doivent être évaluées Le présent travail s’est intéressé à étudier l'efficacité de deux options de de phytorémédiation, la phytostabilisation et la phytoextraction assistées par des amendements organiques et minéraux, à remédier les fortes concentrations de PTTE dans un sol naturel et dans un technosol contaminés. Les concentrations totales des éléments traces dissous ont été déterminées dans l'eau interstitielle du sol. L'intensité de l'exposition du sol a été évaluée par des capteurs DGT (gradient de diffusion dans les couches minces). Le phytodisponibilité des PTTE a été caractérisée par des tests de germination avec des haricots nains cultivés sur les sols contaminés pour lesquels les concentrations foliaires en éléments traces ont été déterminées. Ensuite un modèle de réseau de neurones artificiels a été appliqué pour comprendre les facteurs les plus pertinents sur la variabilité de la phytodisponibilité des PTTE. Les deux options ont étécapables de réduire les concentrations ou la phytodisponibilité des PTTE en présence des amendements. Les réseaux de neurones artificiels ont été très efficaces pour prédire les résultats manquants et pour déterminer les paramètres de contrôle de la variabilité de la phytodisponibilité des PTTE à partir des paramètres du sol. / Soils contaminated with potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE) often have serious consequences for terrestrial ecosystems. Several phytoremediaction have been developped to reclaim contaminated soils; however the efficiency and capacity of these techniques to reduce excessive concentrations of trace elements or their (phyto) availability in contaminated soils have to be assessed. The present work is focused on studying the effectiveness of two phyoremediation options such as phytostabilisation and phytoextraction assisted by organic and inorganic amendments to remediatethe high concentrations of PTTE in contaminated natural soils and technosoils. Total PTTE concentrations were determined in soil pore water (SPW) sampled by Rhizon soil moisture samplers. The soil exposure intensity was assessed by DGT (diffusive gradient in thin films) probes. The PTTE phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and analyzing their foliar PTTE concentrations. Then a model of artificial neural network was applied to understand the factors most relevant for the variability on the phytoavailability of trace elements. Both options were found to be able to reduce the concentrations or phytoavailability of PTTE in the presence of amendments. The artificial neural network has been very effective to predict missing results and to determine the control parameters of the variability of the PTTE phytoavailoability from the soil parameters.
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Veřejné zakázky v oblasti ICT / Public tenders in ICT fieldDvořáková, Jitka January 2011 (has links)
The thesis is focused on analysis of complicated situation in public tenders in ICT field. The content is divided into two main parts. The first part provides an overview of historical development in terms of legal definition of basic laws in public tenders. Historical excursion includes a chapter dealing with the proposed amendment to public tenders act. There are shown the main points that would have a significant impact and would change the process of future commissioning of public tenders. The second part is practically oriented, beginning with computerization of public tenders and dealing further with a practical side of public tenders. There are also defined administrative offenses of commissioners as well as those of suppliers in this part of the thesis. The main focus of the work is an analysis of the most serious cases of public tenders commissioning in ICT field and definition of the biggest faults that occur. There are also provided suggestions as to how to deal with the situation in this part of the thesis.
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O garantidor e a novação recuperacional / The guarantor and the novation in judicial reorganizationThiago Peixoto Alves 26 March 2015 (has links)
O objetivo da presente dissertação é analisar os efeitos gerados aos garantidores dos devedores em recuperação judicial, quando aprovado e homologado o Plano de Recuperação Judicial destes, diante do fenômeno da novação previsto no art. 59 da Lei nº 11.101/05. Essa análise será feita a partir de um estudo geral do instituto da novação no direito civil, bem como da disciplina legal das garantias pessoais, principalmente o aval e a fiança. Com base nesta visão cível, serão comparadas as duas posições hoje existentes sobre a matéria no âmbito comercial, tanto na doutrina como na jurisprudência nacionais, com o estudo dos argumentos utilizados por aqueles que defendem a manutenção incólume da obrigação dos terceiros garantidores, independentemente da novação, com a possibilidade dos credores prosseguirem normalmente com sua cobrança, bem como por aqueles que acreditam deva ser extinta a obrigação dos garantidores com a novação. Será apontada uma interpretação alternativa, construída pelo autor, de, em um primeiro momento, ocorrer a extinção da obrigação dos garantidores, enquanto estiver sendo adimplido o Plano de Recuperação pelo devedor principal, e retorno as obrigações originais caso descumprida a proposta aprovada pelos credores. Além dos efeitos decorrentes da lei, será analisada a eficácia da cláusula comumente inserida em Planos de Recuperação, de extinção da obrigação dos garantidores com a concessão da recuperação judicial. Ao final, diante do entendimento apresentado pelo autor sobre os efeitos legais da novação para o garantidor e da eficácia da mencionada cláusula, será proposta uma alteração legislativa, nos moldes do direito argentino, para possibilitar que o terceiro garantidor apresente uma proposta de pagamento conjunta com a devedora principal, encerrando-se a divergência interpretativa hoje existente. / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the effects caused to the guarantors of the debtors that are under judicial reorganization, when their reorganization plan is approved, regarding the institute of novation provided in art. 59 of Law n. 11.101/05. This analysis will begin with an overall study on the institute of novation in civil law and also on the personal guarantees, especially endorsement and surety. Based on this civil approach, the two current existing positions on the subject in commercial law will be compared, both in national doctrine and national jurisprudence, with a specific study about the arguments used by those who defend the maintenance of the third guarantors\' obligations, irrespective of the novation, with the possibility of the creditors continuing to pursue the collection normally, and also the arguments used by those who believe that the third guarantors\' obligations should be extinct with the novation. Furthermore, an alternative position, developed by the author, will be presented. According to this position, at first, as long as the debtor is performing the reorganization plan, the guarantors\' obligations will be considered extinct. However, in case there is a breach of the plan, the obligations return to their original conditions. Besides the effects arising from the law, the effectiveness of a clause commonly included in reorganization plans, which provides for the extinction of guarantors\' obligations with the approval of the judicial reorganization, will be analyzed. Finally, based on the authors conclusions about the legal effects of the novation for the guarantor and the effectiveness of the above-mentioned clause, one legislative amendment will be suggested, based on the Argentinian Law, to allow the third guarantor to present a payment proposal together with the primary debtor, thus settling the interpretative divergence that exists nowadays.
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(Venue) Shopping for Felon Voting RightsJackson, Elijah 01 January 2019 (has links)
The research in this paper seeks to articulate how interest groups can effectively enfranchise the barred felon votes within their state through legislation. After following the history of felony voting laws in the United States, I first address and utilize Florida as a successful case study of felony enfranchisement. The state’s recent legislative victory in 2018 has returned tens of thousands of Floridians to the ballot, and is therefore, a superlative example to emulate in other state battles for felon rights. The paper also looks at the progress of felon voting rights made in Iowa. While Iowa still employs permanent felon disenfranchisement, the state is an integral example to study given that the electorate actually enjoyed felon enfranchisement from 2005-2011, before reverting back to disenfranchisement under executive orders. Iowa’s inability to secure felon voting rights would prove to be very informative on how implementing lasting legislation for felon rights is to be accomplished. The paper also considers the strategic implementation of legislation for felon voting rights through the lens of the venue shopping theory, which “refers to the activities of advocacy groups and policymakers who seek out a decision setting where they can air grievances with current policy and present alternative policy proposals.
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One-Third of a Nation, the Second Amendment, a Living Newspaper PlayWatt, Linda Ann 01 January 2018 (has links)
One-Third of a Nation, the Second Amendment, a Living Newspaper Play
Thesis By Linda Ann Watt for a MFA Degree in Theatre Pedagogy
Documentary theatre, including living newspapers and verbatim theatre, use socio-political commentary at critical moments in history to disseminate facts and offer ideological critique dramatizing the crisis through the lens of emotion, which can incite societal change. This thesis explores this didactic medium with a written play about the second Amendment and gun violence.
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Religious Freedom or Child Abuse? Drawing the Line between Free Excercise and Crimes against Children in GeorgiaBennett, Christina G 11 August 2011 (has links)
This project examines how Georgia draws the line between religious freedom and child abuse. In Georgia, certain religious parents are granted spiritual exemptions for conduct that would otherwise be prohibited due to its potential harm to children, while other parents must alter their religious practices to conform to the law. An examination of Georgia law governing conduct that is both religiously-motivated and poses a risk of physical harm to children illustrates that Georgia’s spiritual exemptions have contributed to producing legally-defined religious orthodoxy, inconsistent regulation of religious conduct, and less stringent state protection from harm for the children of some religious parents.
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