Despite increased awareness about patient safety and quality of care, errors and adverse outcomes occur frequently in clinical practice. An estimated 10% of the 35.1 million U.S. hospital patients suffered injuries caused by medical errors; the most common were medication errors, which accounted for more than 50% of all medical errors. Work-related stress is associated with medication errors for health care professionals (HCP) in Saudi Arabia (SA) hospitals; however, the specific types of stressors and their effect on the level of medication errors have not been studied in SA. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the overall level and sources of work-related stress using the job stress scale on the level of medication errors for a group of 269 HCPs working at King Abdul-Aziz Hospital (KAH) in SA. The theoretical framework for this research was the Donabedian patient safety model, which relates healthcare quality to personal, environmental, and organizational factors. Binary logistic regression analyses indicated there was no relationship between overall levels of stress and medication errors. However, specific sources of work related stress such as disruption to home life, excessive workload, and night/weekend call duties were associated with a significant increase in the medication error rate, while pressure to meet deadlines and difficulties with colleagues was associated with a significant decrease in the medication error rate. Positive social change implications include how understanding the impact of work-related stress on medication errors by SA HCPs may lead to specific interventions to reduce medication errors and improve patient care.

Sjuksköterskor arbetar ofta i en miljö med stort ansvar och höga krav som kan leda till arbetsrelaterad stress som kan hota sjuksköterskornas hälsa och patientsäkerheten. Syftet med studien var att få ökad kunskap om sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med sju vetenskapliga artiklar som låg till grund för studiens resultat. Efter granskning och analys av artiklarna framkom tre kategorier: kommunikationens och personalrelationers betydelse för upplevelsen av arbetsrelaterad stress, arbetsbelastningens betydelse för upplevelsen av arbetsrelaterad stress samt sjuksköterskeyrkets värde ur organisatoriskt-, samhälls- och personligt perspektiv. Studiens resultat visade att sjuksköterskor i flera länder upplevde stress i arbetet. Faktorer som i huvudsak bidrog till ökad arbetsrelaterad stress var brister i kommunikationen i sjuksköterskegruppen och även med olika professioner, hög arbetsbelastning samt sjuksköterskeyrkets nedvärdering ur organisatorisk-, samhälls- och ett personligt perspektiv. Det framkom även faktorer som bidrog till minskad arbetsrelaterad stress, till exempel reflektion i personalgruppen, möjlighet till rast samt delaktigtighet i organisationen. Vidare forskning för att belysa patienters, samt samhällets perspektiv på arbetsrelaterad stress hade varit av vikt för att uppmärksamma arbetsrelaterad stress inom sjukvården. / Nurses do often work in an environment with a big responsibility and high demands that can lead to work-related stress and can become a threat to nurses health and the patient safety. The aim of this study was to gain better knowledge about nurses ́ experiences of work-related stress. The study was performed as a literature study with seven scientific articles which formed the base for the result. After reviewing and analyzing the articles three themes occurred: The role of communication and relationship between workers for the experience of work- related stress, the role of workload for the experience of work-related stress and the worth of the nurse profession in an organizational-, societal- and a personal perspective. The result showed that nurses in several countries experienced stress in their work. The main factors for work- related stress were poor communication within a professional group and between nurses and other healthcare professionals, high workload, and the depreciation from an organizational-, societal- and personal perspective. The result also showed that work- related stress could be reduced with reflection, the opportunity to take breaks and participation in the organization. Further research to enlighten patients ́ and the society ́s perspective on work- related stress would be important to draw attention to work-related stress in healthcare.

Considering the increasing levels of unemployment and underemployment, and the limited evidence concerning the impact of underemployment on health, my study examines the relations between subjective, objective, and time-related underemployment and employees’ health-related quality of life, as manifested through self-rated health, activity limitations and work-related stress. The study compares an expanded model of work-health relations that, along with the factors addressed by control-demand, and social capital theories, includes characteristics of the physical work environment, and employees’ economic class. In addition to the commonly examined factors related to employment and health (control-demand and social capital), my study explores the impact of the work environment (hazards, discomfort and physical demands) and economic class to determine the specific effects of underemployment on an employee’s health-related quality of life. My main argument is that underemployment, in conjunction with lower economic class, higher exposure to a harmful work environment, lack of control over work, and lower social capital, contributes to increased work-related stress and diminishes health-related quality of life. The study applies a mixed methodological approach based on data from the Canadian Work and Lifelong Learning Survey and the US General Social Survey, and qualitative analysis of interviews from the Ontario Survey on Education-Job Requirements Matching. Evidence based on cross-sectional and qualitative data analysis provides consistent findings and confirms the main assumption that high levels of underemployment have a significant effect on employees’ health-related quality of life. The study shows that employees’ economic class, characteristics of work environment and control over work carry the highest associations with health-related quality of life, while underemployment has a significant additive association with health-related quality of life, most importantly with work-related stress.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress samt att beskriva deras upplevelser av vad stress kan leda till för konsekvenser. En deskriptiv intervjustudie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Huvudresultatet påvisade att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor har upplevt stress under sin första tid i yrket, bland annat till följd av att det är en tid av osäkerhet. Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor har beskrivit att upplevelsen av stress har minskat med tilltagna kunskaper och erfarenheter samt minskade krav på sig själv i yrkesrollen. Sjuksköterskeyrket har beskrivits vara stressigt på grund av en mängd olika orsaker men det finns åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska stressen. Stressen har beskrivits kunna leda till konsekvenser både för sjuksköterskan som individ och för omvårdnaden av patienterna, vilket har beskrivits kunna resultera i känslor som frustration och otillräcklighet. I linje med Benners teori kan konstateras att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor genomgår en yrkesutveckling vilken leder till en upplevelse av minskad stress. Stress inom sjuksköterskeyrket är ett komplext problem som måste angripas från flera håll. För den nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskan är det av stor vikt att vara snäll mot sig själv i yrkesrollen genom att inte ha för höga krav på sig själv, detta för att kunna utöva sin yrkesroll som innebär att bedriva optimal patientfokuserad omvårdnad. / The aim of the study was to describe newly graduated nurses' experiences of work-related stress and to describe their experiences of what consequences stress can lead to. A descriptive interview study with qualitative approach was used. Data collection was performed by eight semi-structured interviews. The collected data was analyzed using qualitative manifest content analysis. The main result demonstrates that newly graduated nurses experienced stress in the beginning of their profession, partly because it is a time of uncertainty. Newly graduated nurses have described a decreased experience of stress with increased knowledge and experience, and reduced demands on herself in the professional role. Nursing is described to be stressful due to a variety of causes but there are measures that can be used to reduce stress. Stress has been described to cause consequences both for the nurse as an individual and for the care of patients, which has been described to result in feelings such as frustration and inadequacy. In line with Benner's theory it can be stated that newly graduated nurses undergo a professional development which lead to a experience of decreased stress. Stress in the nursing profession is a complex problem that must be dealt with on several fronts. For the newly graduated nurse it is very important that she is gentle with herself in the professional role by not having too high demands on herself to be able to practice her profession, that is carry out optimal patient-focused nursing.

Stress is both a health risk and an economic risk for our society. Employers search for ways to offer possible stress reducers for their employees. Mindfulness as a stress reducer is a fairly new research area but with a good amount of research papers suggesting that mindfulness programmes over several weeks are successful in reducing subjective perceived stress as well as physiological stress, such as blood pressure and cortisol levels. This study aims to examine whether mindfulness could show positive effects on stress at work, after only one mindfulness session, compared to being on an extended break. Measurements includes the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), blood pressure and pulse. The results show that engaging in one single mindfulness session does have an effect on lowering blood pressure as well as lowering perceived tension, which is one of four parts of the SMBQ.

Coping – a qualitative study of experiences of stress and burn-out in the work with children and youth within the social services. The aim of this study was to examine experiences and coping of work related stress and burn-out among social workers within the child and youth department of the social services in a larger municipality of Sweden. It is a qualitative study built on interviews with social workers about their experiences of stressful situations in their demanding working environment, and how they manage to handle these. They find their work-load unrestricted and demanding. To guard their own limits to their work-load and engagement in the organization and cases they work with, and to prioritize the duties they find most important, are found to be the main coping strategies. Support from colleagues and family, as well as working part time when having children, are also expressed as important factors in managing the stressful working situation, and to hopefully avoid burn-out. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka erfarenheter, upplevelser och hantering av stress och utbrändhet i arbetet med barn och unga inom socialtjänsten i en större svensk kommun. Detta är en kvalitativ studie byggd på intervjuer med socialarbetare angående deras erfarenheter av stressade situationer och krävande arbetsklimat, samt hur de hanterar dessa sammanhang. De konstaterar att arbetsbördan är obegränsad och krävande. Att vakta sina egna gränser i förhållande till arbetsbörda och engagemang i organisationen och ärenden man hanterar, och att prioritera de arbetsuppgifter man tycker är viktigast, uppfattas var de främsta coping-strategierna. Stöd av kollegor och familj såväl som att arbeta deltid när man har barn, uttrycks som viktiga faktorer i hanteringen av den stressade arbetssituationen, och för att förhoppningsvis undvika att bli utbränd.

Stressiga arbetsförhållanden är vardag för sjuksköterskan och samtidigt som kraven blir allt fler förväntas hen ge en god, trygg och säker vård. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till arbetsrelaterad stress hos sjuksköterskan inom hospital vård. Studien är utformad som en litteraturstudie och med hjälp av Fribergs analysmodell har artiklar sökts fram i olika elektroniska databaser. De artiklarna med relevant innehåll har kvalitétsgranskats och sedan analyserats enligt Fribergs analysprocess. Totalt användes nio artiklar där nyckelord identifierats och teman sedan utformats, den information om stressframkallande faktorer som tagits fram strukturerades slutligen upp i fyra teman, rädsla att göra fel, ensamhet, uteblivet stöd, och otillräcklighet. Resultatet visar att en hög andel sjuksköterskor upplever arbetsrelaterad stress på sin arbetsplats, men också att de största orsakerna till detta är rädsla att göra fel, ensamhet, uteblivet stöd och en känsla av att otillräcklighet. Denna stress kan i sin tur leda till brister i patientsäkerheten och möjligheten att bedriva den goda vård som är önskvärd, är ej möjlig. Relaterat till tidsbrist för sjuksköterskan finns risk för moralisk stress, där den vård som ser till patientens bästa ej hinns med. Med denna studie finns därför en förhoppning att informera allmänsjuksköterskor inom hospital vård och organisationen runt omkring om faktorer för arbetsrelaterad stress, för att bidra till ökad förståelse och därmed en hållbar utveckling.

Bakgrund : Att arbeta som sjuksköterska ses idag som ett stressigt yrke där sjuksköterskor möter arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer i det dagliga arbetet. Trots att arbetskraven har ökat ska sjuksköterskan kunna genomföra en god omvårdnad och ha kunskap inom flertal områden. Det är betydelsefullt att belysa vilka stressfaktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans arbete för att kunna ge en god och säker vård och för att minska stressen hos sjuksköterskor. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva arbetsrelaterade stress faktorer hos sjuksköterskor. Metod: En litteraturstudie har genomförts med hjälp av kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar, femton artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: Arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer hos sjuksköterskor identifierades såsom hög arbetsbelastning, samarbetsproblem och konflikter samt emotionella stressfaktorer vilket påverkade sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete negativt. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att belysa arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer för att förebygga stress på arbetet och för att ge sjuksköterskor en bättre arbetsmiljö vilket i sin tur leder till patientsäker vård. / Background: Working as a nurse is a stressful job today, where nurses meet work-related stress factors in their daily work. Regardless of the fact that work requirements have increased, the nurse must be able to carry out good care and have knowledge in several areas. It is important to highlight which stress factors affect the nurse's work in order to provide good and safe care and to reduce the stress of nurses. Purpose: The purpose was to describe work-related stress factors in nurses. Method: A literature study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative articles, fifteen articles were included. Results: Work-related stress factors in nurses were identified as high workloads, collaborative problems and conflicts, and emotional stressors, which negatively affected the nurse's nursing work. Conclusion: It is important to highlight work-related stress factors to prevent stress at work and to give nurses a better working environment.

The quality of the physical workspace environment has been widely debated in research and corporate communities. Inadequate workspace conditions have been associated with elevated levels of work-related stress, productivity, and job satisfaction. However, scholarly literature offers very little on the relationship between workspace and office placement, and workforce productivity and wellbeing. The purpose of this non-experimental quantitative study was to examine the impact of customized workspace and strategic office placement on work related stress, productivity, and job satisfaction. Optimal distinctiveness theory and cognitive-motivational-relational theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. Nine research questions in this study were designed to identify any statistically significant difference in any of the three dependent variables(work-related stress, productivity, job satisfaction) in relation to workspace design and office placement. The Work Stress Scale, Individual Work Performance Questionnaire, and the Brief Index of Affective Job Satisfaction served as data collection instruments. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 131 male and female full-time employees from 5 different organizations nationwide. With a 2x2 causal-comparative research design, a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted, which showed statistically significant difference on work-related stress and job satisfaction in relation to workspace design with no statistically significant difference for the remaining seven research questions. This study offers significant insight into best practices for ensuring the highest quality of workspace environment to enable optimal employee performance along with improved overall wellbeing.

<p>This study deals with one of the most discussed work environmental issues in the modern society of Sweden today - work related stress, its causes and how stress can affect people in their working situation. Our study is based on a questionnaire among aid handling officers in two municipalities of the middle of Sweden, and two interviews with their directors. We found that aid handling officers has a complex occupational role. We also found that the officers in these two municipalities experiences about the same level of stress.</p><p>Further in the study, we will deal with whatever could be the cause of the stressful situation, using the demand/control model of Karasek and Theorell. The result shows that despite the similarity of the stress experience, the cause was shown to be different. The study shows that the stress sometimes leads to rash decisions and also that reviews may be less prioritized. We also studied the social coherence on the workplace and its meaning to the stress experience.</p><p>Earlier studies, our empirical result and Karaseks and Theorells demand/control model shows that depending on how good workgroups are able to function, may have significance on the experience of stress at work. The result also shows that it may be hard, or maybe impossible, to create a work environment that is completely free from stress.</p>