Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2000. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Vanderbilt University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis explores the development of a housing scheme in rural Pakistan. In the so-called ‘backward’ district of Bhakkar, five entrepreneurs formed a partnership in 2004 to build the area’s first privately developed housing scheme. As housing schemes are associated with development in Pakistan, they saw themselves as providing services that the state was expected, but failed, to deliver. Departing from normative conceptions of the state, this case study demonstrates how state power functions in Pakistan. Though it is an entrepreneurial venture, the construction of the housing scheme is structured by a discourse of national development. Further, the project was made possible through the state’s integration of Bhakkar into global economic circuits. I argue that the Pakistani state’s power in this instance does not obtain from its felt presence in Bhakkar but rather from its assurance of access to various physical and digital networks through which it is reconfigured.

No description available.

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa etnográfica com o serviço Ação Rua, que atua na abordagem e no acompanhamento de crianças e adolescentes configurados como em situação de rua na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS e com a Proteção Especial de Média Complexidade vinculada à Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como as categorias tipificadas no Projeto Ação Rua – rua sobrevivência e rua moradia – estão sendo utilizadas e reconfiguradas no espaço coordenado pela Proteção Especial e na prática cotidiana de duas equipes que fazem parte do programa. A partir do trabalho de campo, foi possível perceber como está ocorrendo à gestão da situação de rua na cidade e quais elementos vêm compondo essa categorização. Com este trabalho, espero contribuir para os profissionais que tornaram possível a concretização deste estudo e para as reflexões dentro do campo da Antropologia do Estado, das práticas de governo e dos estudos sobre gestão da infância e juventude em situação de rua. / This dissertation is the result of an ethnographic research with the AçãoRua service, which operates on the approach and accompaniment of children and adolescentes configured as homeless in the city of Porto Alegre/RS, and with the Middle Special Protection Complexity linked to Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC). The objective of this research was to understand how the categories typified by the Ação Rua Project - street survival and street housing - are being used and reconfigured in the space coordinated by the Special Protection and the daily practice of two teams who are part of the program. From the field work, it was revealed how the management of the streets is happening in the city and which elements have been composing this categorization. With this work, I hope to contribute with the professionals who made possible the realization of this study and also with the reflections in the anthropology of state field, the governance practices and studies about the management of childhood and youth in the streets.

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa etnográfica com o serviço Ação Rua, que atua na abordagem e no acompanhamento de crianças e adolescentes configurados como em situação de rua na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS e com a Proteção Especial de Média Complexidade vinculada à Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como as categorias tipificadas no Projeto Ação Rua – rua sobrevivência e rua moradia – estão sendo utilizadas e reconfiguradas no espaço coordenado pela Proteção Especial e na prática cotidiana de duas equipes que fazem parte do programa. A partir do trabalho de campo, foi possível perceber como está ocorrendo à gestão da situação de rua na cidade e quais elementos vêm compondo essa categorização. Com este trabalho, espero contribuir para os profissionais que tornaram possível a concretização deste estudo e para as reflexões dentro do campo da Antropologia do Estado, das práticas de governo e dos estudos sobre gestão da infância e juventude em situação de rua. / This dissertation is the result of an ethnographic research with the AçãoRua service, which operates on the approach and accompaniment of children and adolescentes configured as homeless in the city of Porto Alegre/RS, and with the Middle Special Protection Complexity linked to Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC). The objective of this research was to understand how the categories typified by the Ação Rua Project - street survival and street housing - are being used and reconfigured in the space coordinated by the Special Protection and the daily practice of two teams who are part of the program. From the field work, it was revealed how the management of the streets is happening in the city and which elements have been composing this categorization. With this work, I hope to contribute with the professionals who made possible the realization of this study and also with the reflections in the anthropology of state field, the governance practices and studies about the management of childhood and youth in the streets.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6368.pdf: 2870225 bytes, checksum: 99fa74782f5f5c42f50ac236c34b98b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-04 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This research intends to conduct an ethnography of the management of indigenous education in the municipality of Altamira (PA), that comprises nine ethnic groups (Arara, Araweté, Asurini, Curuaia, the Juruna, Kararaô, Parakanã, Xipaya, Xikrin) of Carib, Ge and Tupi languages. This region corresponds, according to the new configuration proposed by the Federal Government, the Territory Etnoeducacional 11, besides being one of the municipalities in the area affected by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex in its installation process. The implementation of this management model and the compensation and indemnification means of the Power Plant has led to major changes that I followed and analyzed throughout this work. The field research was taken at the Altamira s Education Department, a privileged locus has allowed me to grasp different discursive positions: the Indians trying to understand what they expect from the school that is offered to them; the State their policies and guidelines proposed for these schools; and the Education Department staff responsible for making the indigenous education work and often come up against financial, bureaucratic and pedagogical boundaries. The intention here is to dialogue these areas, the Anthropology of the State and the Indigenous Ethnology, so that it can make a perspective enhance other. As Anthropology of the State, the ethnography in Indian school management does not hold only to official agencies for intervention and guardianship, but also analyzed how indigenous access (or not) these services. And as Indigenous Ethnology it paid attention to the operation of a public agency and how these people define and fight for their educational demands. / Esta pesquisa se propõe a etnografar a gestão da educação escolar indígena no município de Altamira (PA), que compreende nove etnias (Arara, Araweté, Asurini, Curuaia, Juruna, Kararaô, Parakanã, Xipaia, Xikrin), de línguas Carib, Jê e Tupi. Essa região corresponde, conforme a nova configuração proposta pelo Governo Federal, ao Território Etnoeducacional 11, além de ser um dos municípios da área de abrangência do Complexo Hidrelétrico de Belo Monte, em processo de instalação. A implementação desse modelo de gestão e as medidas de compensação e indenização pela construção de Usina tem levado a grandes mudanças, que acompanhei e analisei ao longo deste trabalho. A pesquisa de campo foi feita na Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SEMED) de Altamira, um lócus privilegiado uma vez que me permitiu apreender diversas posições discursivas: a dos índios buscando compreender o que eles esperam da escola que lhes é oferecida; a do Estado nas políticas e diretrizes propostas para estas escolas; e a dos funcionários da Secretaria responsáveis por fazer a educação escolar indígena funcionar e que frequentemente esbarram em limites financeiros, burocráticos e pedagógicos. Pretende-se aqui fazer dialogar essas áreas, a Antropologia do Estado e a Etnologia Indígena, de modo a que uma perspectiva possa fazer enriquecer a outra. Como antropologia do Estado, a etnografia em gestão escolar indígena não se atém somente aos órgãos oficiais de intervenção e tutela, mas também analisou como os indígenas acessam (ou não) estes serviços. E, como Etnologia Indígena, atentou-se ao funcionamento de um órgão público e ao modo como essas populações definem e lutam por suas demandas educacionais.

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa etnográfica com o serviço Ação Rua, que atua na abordagem e no acompanhamento de crianças e adolescentes configurados como em situação de rua na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS e com a Proteção Especial de Média Complexidade vinculada à Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como as categorias tipificadas no Projeto Ação Rua – rua sobrevivência e rua moradia – estão sendo utilizadas e reconfiguradas no espaço coordenado pela Proteção Especial e na prática cotidiana de duas equipes que fazem parte do programa. A partir do trabalho de campo, foi possível perceber como está ocorrendo à gestão da situação de rua na cidade e quais elementos vêm compondo essa categorização. Com este trabalho, espero contribuir para os profissionais que tornaram possível a concretização deste estudo e para as reflexões dentro do campo da Antropologia do Estado, das práticas de governo e dos estudos sobre gestão da infância e juventude em situação de rua. / This dissertation is the result of an ethnographic research with the AçãoRua service, which operates on the approach and accompaniment of children and adolescentes configured as homeless in the city of Porto Alegre/RS, and with the Middle Special Protection Complexity linked to Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC). The objective of this research was to understand how the categories typified by the Ação Rua Project - street survival and street housing - are being used and reconfigured in the space coordinated by the Special Protection and the daily practice of two teams who are part of the program. From the field work, it was revealed how the management of the streets is happening in the city and which elements have been composing this categorization. With this work, I hope to contribute with the professionals who made possible the realization of this study and also with the reflections in the anthropology of state field, the governance practices and studies about the management of childhood and youth in the streets.

This dissertation examines how a group of street vendors in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, experienced a government-organized relocation from Mangkubumi Street to a newly renovated marketplace. In particular, I explore the strategies taken by the leaders of a street vendor organization called Pethikbumi to refuse the relocation and claim their right to the street. Contestations over streets, street vending and street vendor relocations constitute important moments during which citizenship, democracy and belonging are negotiated in the city. I argue that the conflict over belonging and democracy took the form of a social drama and was shaped and structured by specific moral appeals, public performances, and processes of imitation (cf. Turner 1974). The study begins with an exploration of the history of street vending and the pedagang kaki lima (street vendor) in Indonesia. I outline how the pedagang kaki lima were viewed as “dirty”, a simplified code for the transgression of social, spatial and legal boundaries. I move on to explore the way the street vendors of Pethikbumi drew on ideas of “the people” (rakyat), democracy and transparency in claiming their rights. I analyze the ways that Pethikbumi drew on important moments in Indonesia’s past and present, situating this relocation conflict as significant and as part of “history”. The relocation was also rooted in an epistemology of “skepticism” derived from an awareness of the ambiguity and tension between appearances and realities (cf. Anderson 1990). Pethikbumi engaged in tactics to both reveal and conceal the “unseen powers” that were imagined as working behind the scenes to generate conflict. The conflict over the relocation to a marketplace was not only a fight over who had access to the street but also a struggle over what constitutes democracy, how to achieve transparency, and who belongs in post-Suharto Indonesia.

Au Chili, la délinquance est le problème public par excellence. Objet privilégié de l’attention des médias, sujet des débats électoraux et des recherches en sciences sociales, enjeu de politiques publiques, thème des sondages comme des conversations domestiques, la délinquance envahit la vie quotidienne. Ce surgissement constant dans la vie de tous les jours ne se fait pas nécessairement en tant que l’ensemble des délits qui a effectivement lieu dans le pays. C’est plutôt comme phénomène encadrant de multiples façons la vie quotidienne qu’elle se manifeste aux personnes et aux institutions. Si la délinquance est avant tout une question de vivre-ensemble, je propose dans cette thèse de l’aborder à travers une perspective de sociologie générale qui s’éloigne des approches criminologiques. Je mobilise un regard inspiré des littératures pragmatistes et portant sur la performativité du droit afin d’explorer la manière dont un type spécifique de délits – les flagrants délits – permet de comprendre ce qu’est la délinquance au Chili, la façon dont on en parle, ce qui se fait en son nom et les interactions qu’elle rend possibles. Mobilisant une approche ethnographique, la thèse analyse des données hétéroclites produites grâce à l’observation de conversations informelles, la lecture de documents officiels, de statistiques et d’articles de presse, entre autres. Elle inclut deux récits ethnographiques décrivant ce qui arrive dans les salles d’audience des tribunaux pénaux de première instance et dans une unité du ministère public, deux instances directement chargées du traitement judicaire des flagrants délits à Santiago. La thèse présente également trois articles scientifiques portant sur différents aspects de ce type de délits : leur traitement de la part des institutions en charge d’appliquer le droit pénal; la manière dont, dans des contextes judiciaires et autres, les personnes y font référence; la mise en place d’un permis de mobilité durant la pandémie de la covid-19, dont le résultat est la constitution d’un délit pouvant seulement être commis « en flagrance ». La thèse revient enfin sur le rôle de l’État dans la gestion de la délinquance, suggérant que dans le cas des flagrants délits s’opère un travail constant de production de la distance entre l’administration, les justiciables et leurs drames. / In Chile, crime is central to public discourse. As the focus of media coverage, the subject of electoral debates and social science research, a public policy issue, and the topic of polling and domestic conversation, crime invades daily life. This quotidian assertion of presence is not necessarily reflective of the ensemble of criminal acts that are committed in the country, but rather acts as a framework that structures daily life for both individuals and institutions. If crime is above all then a collective, social question, I propose in this thesis to examine it from a general sociological perspective that distances itself from criminological approaches. Drawing inspiration from pragmatist scholarship, my work focuses on the performativity of law in order to explore the ways in which a specific form of infraction – those caught in the act, or in flagrante delicto – allows us to understand crime in Chile, how it is talked about, what is done in its name, and the interactions it makes possible. The thesis takes an ethnographic approach, analyzing heterogeneous data produced through observation of informal conversations and research in official documents, statistics, and newspaper articles, amongst other sources. It includes two ethnographic accounts describing what happens in the courtrooms of the penal tribunal and in a unit of the public ministry, two institutions directly responsible for flagrante delicto cases in Santiago. The dissertation also contains three scientific studies dealing with different aspects of these types of infractions: their treatment by the institutions that apply penal law; the ways in which, in legal contexts or otherwise, people make reference to them; the creation of a pass system during the COVID-19 pandemic, the result of which was the constitution of an offence that could only be committed “in flagrante.” Finally, the thesis returns to the role of the State in the management of crime, suggesting that behind its treatment of flagrante delicto cases operates a constant production of distance between the legal apparatus, the accused, and their personal dramas. / En Chile, la delincuencia es el problema público por excelencia. Tema de común medios, de debates electorales, de investigaciones en ciencias sociales, de políticas públicas, de encuestas y de conversaciones domésticas, la delincuencia invade la vida cotidiana. Su aparición constante en la vida de todos los días no se da necesariamente en la forma del conjunto de delitos que tiene efectivamente lugar en el país, sino que más bien como fenómeno que enmarca de múltiples maneras la vida cotidiana de personas y de instituciones. Como la delincuencia es sobre todo una cuestión de convivencia, en esta tesis propongo abordarla a través de una perspectiva de sociología general que se aleja de enfoques criminológicos. Utilizo una mirada inspirada de literaturas pragmatistas y que tratan sobre la performatividad del derecho con el fin de explorar la manera en que un tipo específico de delitos – los delitos flagrantes – permite comprender lo que es la delincuencia en Chile, la manera en que se habla de ella, lo que se hace en su nombre y las interacciones que vuelve posibles. Basándose en un enfoque etnográfico, la tesis analiza datos heteróclitos producidos gracias a la observación de conversaciones informales, la lectura de documentos oficiales, de estadísticas y de artículos de prensa, entre otros. Ella incluye dos relatos etnográficos que describen lo que ocurre en las salas de audiencia de tribunales de primera instancia y en una unidad del ministerio público, dos instancias directamente encargadas del tratamiento judicial de los delitos flagrantes en Santiago. La tesis presenta igualmente tres artículos científicos que tratan diferentes aspectos de este tipo de delitos: su tratamiento por parte de las instituciones encargadas de aplicar el derecho penal, la manera en que, en contexto judiciales y otros, las personas se refieren a éstos, y la implementación de un permiso de movilidad durante la pandemia del covid-19, cuyo resultado fue la creación de un delito que sólo puede ser cometido “en flagrancia”. La tesis se refiere finalmente al rol del Estado en la gestión de la delincuencia, sugiriendo que en el caso de los delitos flagrantes opera un trabajo de constante producción de la distancia entre la administración, los justiciables y sus dramas.