This dissertation proposes to study how the commission and design of minor palaces contribute to the understanding of architectural practice in early 16th century Italy. The particular nature of the small urban palace as a reduced and less expensive version of larger palaces and its recurrent nature in the practice of architects malte this type of building very important in illustrating the changes in the profession at that time. Minor palace commissions also show architects dealing with a growing private market for the exercise of the profession: in Rome, the architect's clients belong to a lesser nobility composed of merchants and professional men (doctors, lawyers, notaries, artists, diplomats, bureaucrats) mostly connected to the Papal civil service. Moreover, the planning of these buildings manifest the increasing specialization of the profession at that time, when expertise in Ancient Roman architecture and the mastering of new instruments of representation (orthogonal projection, perspective, sketches) were added to the usual technical and artistic skills required of an architect. The dissertation focus on how architects define a planning procedure to cope with the new set of circumstances related to the commission of a minor palace (budget, site, program, recurrence). The design of a palace comprised different functions arranged in horizontal sequence with a few vertical connections; therefore, drawings of plans were the central instrument of their design. The dissertation is primarily based on the study of original plans that illustrate the working methods of 16th century Italian architects. Three of them were chosen (Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Baldassare Peruzzi and Andrea Palladio) based on their activity as designers of minor palaces and the existence of a substantial amount of plans for this kind of building by them. A second part of this work presents a general view of the working procedures employed by these three architects in commissions of minor palaces. Through the study of their drawings and planning procedures, this dissertation intends to illustrate the establishment of the modern sense of architectural practice in 16th century Italy as shown through the design of minor palaces.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2009 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T09:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 266062.pdf: 208125 bytes, checksum: e3f4266eb2de9ba253e1d7b043daaf79 (MD5) / A tradução dos textos pertencentes à filosofia antiga em língua grega suscita uma problemática concernente em primeiro lugar aos fundamentos da possibilidade da sua compreensão por leitores do século XXI e, em segundo lugar, aos métodos que podem ser empregados na sua prática. Este trabalho consiste em um experimento tradutório teorizante que se fundamenta, enquanto arte da compreensão de textos, no método de F. Schleiermacher; enquanto descrição dos procedimentos lingüísticos necessários à prática tradutória, na teoria lingüística de J.C. Catford; e enquanto poética, nas reflexões de H. Meschonnic. / La traduction des textes appartenant à la philosophie ancienne en langue grecque suscite une problématique qui concerne, en premier lieu, les fondements de la possibilité de leur compréhension par des lecteurs du XXIème siècle et, en deuxième lieu, les méthodes qui peuvent être employées dans sa pratique. Ce travail consiste dans une expérimentation de traduction théorisante qui se fonde, en tant qu'art de la compréhension de textes, sur la méthode de F. Schleiermacher ; en tant que description des procédures linguistiques nécessaires à la pratique de la traduction, sur la théorie linguistique de J.C. Catford ; et en tant que poétique, sur les réflexions de H. Meschonnic.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736312.pdf: 1144121 bytes, checksum: e467ef65deee05c5c84f6619816523cb (MD5) / A finalidade do texto é explicar a importância da escolha deliberada e da deliberação para a Ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles. Discutiremos o método usado na EN, a definição de bem supremo, a consequente necessidade da modificação das divisões da alma humana e de suas respectivas funções, a definição de virtude para, por fim, comprovarmos a tal importância. Ao final teremos que a felicidade, que é o bem do homem, reside na virtude da sua função própria. Tal função própria seria a atividade do princípio racional, e a felicidade, na virtude de tal atividade. Assim, a vida feliz seria ou a vida virtuosa ou a vida contemplativa. Restringiremos esta dissertação à análise da vida virtuosa. A vida virtuosa diz respeito às ações. Como Aristóteles não é alheio ao papel dos desejos, prazeres e dores nas ações humanas, estes deveriam, de algum modo, participar da razão. Por isto, o Estagirita propõe um novo modelo de divisão da alma humana de um modo que a parte irracional da alma responsável por eles seja capaz de ouvir a razão. Mas não a razão teórica, que parte de princípios universais e imutáveis e que não daria conta da grande variedade de circunstâncias que envolvem a ação humana, mas sim a razão prática. Esta última será responsável pela deliberação. A deliberação, que Aristóteles restringe ao “como e através de que” podemos atingir um fim posto pelo desejo em grande parte controla e decide a escolha deliberada e a posterior ação. Controla, pois, se a deliberação chegar a um ponto em que o agente moral não encontrar saída, ou a única saída é moralmente reprovável, ele cessa a deliberação, e o fim é vetado. A felicidade não pode ser deliberada, apenas desejada, mas ela só será atingida pelo agente virtuoso que possui a virtude moral e intelectual, voltadas ao justo meio em relação a nós. A virtude moral seria a excelência da disposição... / The purpose of the text is explaining the importance of deliberate choice and deliberation to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. We will discuss the method used in the EN, the definition of the supreme good, the consequent need of modification of the divisions human soul divisions and their functions, the definition of virtue to finally prove such importance. At the end we will have that happiness , which is the good of man, lies in the virtue of its proper function. Such a function itself would be the activity of the rational principle, and happiness, in virtue of such activity. Thus, the happy life would be or the virtuous life or the contemplative life. Confine this work to the analysis of the virtuous life. The virtuous life concerns actions. As Aristotle is no stranger to the role of desires, pleasures and pains in human action, these should somehow participate reason. Therefore, Stagirite proposes a new model of division of the human soul, in a way that the irrational part of the soul responsible for them to be able to listen to reason. But no theoretical reason, that comes from universal and immutable principles, and that would not account for the wide variety of circumstances involving human action, but practical reason. The last one will be responsible for the deliberation. The deliberation, which Aristotle restricts the how and through which we can reach an end by desire, largely controls and decides the deliberate choice and subsequent action. It controls, because, if the deliberation reaches a point where the moral agent does not find out, or the only way is morally reprehensible, it ceases the deliberation and the end is vetoed. Happiness can not be deliberated, only desired, but it will only be achieved by the virtuous agent, who possesses the moral virtue and intellectual virtue, aimed at fair way towards us. The moral virtue would be the provision of engineered excellence, and...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-26Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000824591_20161126.pdf: 63756 bytes, checksum: 71f5a9a920862538226639ede1befabb (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-11-28T18:47:34Z: 000824591_20161126.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-11-28T18:48:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000824591.pdf: 279380 bytes, checksum: c397ab7556927baf069345d9ada9b847 (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as especificidades da Religião Romana como elemento do discurso religioso presente nas obras de Marco Túlio Cícero que possuem natureza filosófico-religiosas: Da Natureza dos Deuses, Sobre a Adivinhação, Tratado das Leis e o discurso Sobre sua casa. As respectivas fontes agrupam elementos imensuráveis para a compreensão dos debates sobre a Religião Romana no século I a.E.C.. Dessa forma, o aspecto religioso é evidenciado enfatizando o tradicional, pois é um dos principais meios de manutenção da ordem com relação à aristocracia. Essas fontes possibilitam contemplar a percepção de Cícero sobre a Religião, ou seja, apurar o caráter tradicional ressaltado em contraposição aos cultos estrangeiros cada vez mais presentes com a expansão do Imperium. Por sua vez, as fontes permitem também a percepção dos expoentes intelectuais e sociais envolvidos nas ramificações discursivas religiosas e políticas no período final da República Romana / The aim of this paper is to analyze the specifics of the Roman religion as an element of this religious discourse in the works of Marcus Tullius Cicero that have philosophical-religious nature: On the Nature of the Gods, On Divination, On the Laws and the speech On his House. The sources grouped immeasurable elements for understanding the debates on the Roman Religion in the first century BCE. Thus, the religious aspect is evidenced by emphasizing the traditional as it is a better means of maintaining order in relation to the aristocracy. These sources allow to contemplate the perception of Cicero on Religion, that is to establish the traditional character emphasized as opposed to foreign cults increasingly present with the expansion of the Imperium. Meanwhile, sources also allow the perception of social and intellectual exponents involved in religious and political discourse ramifications in the late period of the Roman Republic

Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Filosofia, 2011. / Submitted by Juliane Alves (juliane_570@hotmail.com) on 2012-04-10T17:33:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_AláyaDulliusdeSouza.pdf: 316986 bytes, checksum: 82a4e3349988ce0aafac2da31d4becf1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2012-04-10T19:02:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_AláyaDulliusdeSouza.pdf: 316986 bytes, checksum: 82a4e3349988ce0aafac2da31d4becf1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-10T19:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_AláyaDulliusdeSouza.pdf: 316986 bytes, checksum: 82a4e3349988ce0aafac2da31d4becf1 (MD5) / As controvérsias acerca das relações entre Plotino e os gnósticos não se limitam aos tratados contra os gnósticos (30-33). A filosofia plotiniana também apresenta pontos de aproximação com o gnosticismo. O ilimitado Um é um dos temas centrais em Plotino, a união com este era seu objetivo e intento (VP 23, 8). Textos gnósticos sethianos, dos quais o Apócrifo de João (ApJo) faz parte, se valeram de uma abordagem platonizante para falar do Primeiro Princípio. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar aproximações entre a abordagem do Um em Plotino, no tratado (VI 9) “Sobre o Bem ou o Um”, e no ApJo. O ambiente de formação e atuação de Plotino é compartilhado com gnósticos. Plotino aprende com Amônio, que recebe uma herança filosófica de Numênio, cuja proximidade com o pensamento gnóstico é cogitada. As obras deste circularam na escola de Plotino em Roma, onde havia gnósticos valentinianos. Tanto Plotino quanto o autor gnóstico do ApJo reforçam a incognoscibilidade do Um, e fazem amplo uso de uma abordagem apofática. A sugestão da presente dissertação é a da existência de um diálogo entre Plotino e os gnósticos e da possível existência de uma fonte medioplatônica em comum da qual ambos beberam. Conclui-se que os recursos lingüísticos usados tanto por Plotino como pelo autor do ApJo para indicar o Um revelam convergências teóricas inéditas e que, de certa forma, obrigam a repensar as relações tradicionalmente desenhadas entre os dois. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The relations between Plotinus and the Gnostics are surrounded by a controversy that was not limited to the anti-gnostic tractates (30-33). Plotinian Philosophy presents points of convergence with Gnosticism. The Unlimited One is one of the key points in Plotinus, his objective and intention was the union with it (VP 23, 8). Sethian Gnostic texts, among which the Apocryphon of John is part, employed a platonizing approach in order to speak about the First Principle. The purpose of this study is to show approximations between the way the first hypostasis is approached in Plotinus in his ninth treaty (VI 9) About the Good and the One, and in the ApJo. The environment where Plotinus studied and taught was shared with the Gnostics. Plotinus was taught by Ammonius, who had received the philosophical heritage of Numenius, who may have had connections with Gnostic thought; also his works circulated in the school of Plotinus in Rome, where there were valentinian gnostics. Both Plotinus and the Gnostics attribute to the One transcendent characteristics, and emphasize the impossibility of knowing it trought thinking. The suggestion of the present dissertation is on the existence of a dialogue between Plotinus and the gnostics, and the possible existence of a middle-platonic common source. We conclude that the apophatic language used both by Plotinus and the author of the ApJo to approach the One reveal new theoretical convergences which, in a way, make us rethink the relations between both of them that are traditionally drawn.

This dissertation proposes to study how the commission and design of minor palaces contribute to the understanding of architectural practice in early 16th century Italy. The particular nature of the small urban palace as a reduced and less expensive version of larger palaces and its recurrent nature in the practice of architects malte this type of building very important in illustrating the changes in the profession at that time. Minor palace commissions also show architects dealing with a growing private market for the exercise of the profession: in Rome, the architect's clients belong to a lesser nobility composed of merchants and professional men (doctors, lawyers, notaries, artists, diplomats, bureaucrats) mostly connected to the Papal civil service. Moreover, the planning of these buildings manifest the increasing specialization of the profession at that time, when expertise in Ancient Roman architecture and the mastering of new instruments of representation (orthogonal projection, perspective, sketches) were added to the usual technical and artistic skills required of an architect. The dissertation focus on how architects define a planning procedure to cope with the new set of circumstances related to the commission of a minor palace (budget, site, program, recurrence). The design of a palace comprised different functions arranged in horizontal sequence with a few vertical connections; therefore, drawings of plans were the central instrument of their design. The dissertation is primarily based on the study of original plans that illustrate the working methods of 16th century Italian architects. Three of them were chosen (Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Baldassare Peruzzi and Andrea Palladio) based on their activity as designers of minor palaces and the existence of a substantial amount of plans for this kind of building by them. A second part of this work presents a general view of the working procedures employed by these three architects in commissions of minor palaces. Through the study of their drawings and planning procedures, this dissertation intends to illustrate the establishment of the modern sense of architectural practice in 16th century Italy as shown through the design of minor palaces.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, 2006. / Submitted by Diogo Trindade Fóis (diogo_fois@hotmail.com) on 2009-11-17T10:39:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Eduardo Fabbro.pdf: 887677 bytes, checksum: 1c1d0a94f351cb4817b39ee09578794d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Campos(carolinacamposmaia@gmail.com) on 2009-11-19T16:44:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Eduardo Fabbro.pdf: 887677 bytes, checksum: 1c1d0a94f351cb4817b39ee09578794d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-19T16:44:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Eduardo Fabbro.pdf: 887677 bytes, checksum: 1c1d0a94f351cb4817b39ee09578794d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-24 / A monarquia franca é resultado de um longo período de desenvolvimento interno na sociedade germânica, motivado pelo contato desta com o mundo romano. Partindo de uma estrutura tribal, a monarquia germânica caminha para uma fusão gradual com o sistema de dominação imperial, tornando-se no século V não apenas o núcleo de reorganização do mundo germânico como também uma instituição tipicamente tardo-antiga. A monarquia germânica é compreendida somente à luz de sua inserção na estrutura romana e de sua importância política na organização do baixo império. A monarquia franca é analisada neste quadro, como parte de um processo interno de re-organização do império romano após a derrocada do ocidente. Os reis francos, como generais romanos competentes, souberam integrar o restante das tropas romanas e torná-las um povo sob o qual poderiam reinar.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Humanidades, Departamento de Filosofia, Programa de Pós-Gradução, 2007. / Submitted by Fabrícia da Silva Costa Feitosa (fabriciascf@gmail.com) on 2009-12-16T01:52:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_MarcusViniciusSilvaMartins.PDF: 454922 bytes, checksum: 816d47fac60eaea18c4818b745bbba8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joanita Pereira(joanita) on 2009-12-16T19:24:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_MarcusViniciusSilvaMartins.PDF: 454922 bytes, checksum: 816d47fac60eaea18c4818b745bbba8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-12-16T19:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_MarcusViniciusSilvaMartins.PDF: 454922 bytes, checksum: 816d47fac60eaea18c4818b745bbba8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este texto é um estudo sobre o pensamento de Heráclito de Éfeso, filósofo pré-socrático. A linha de interpretação mais recorrente o entende como o filósofo do fluxo, ou seja, um pensador para quem a realidade está em constante mudança. Neste texto, argumentamos contra essa leitura, apresentando fundamentos para aproximá-lo da idéia de permanência. Exatamente por isso, foi também feita uma apresentação das idéias de Parmênides de Eléia, usualmente visto como seu opositor radical, mas que, aqui, serviu de referencial harmônico para as metáforas de Heráclito. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This is a study about the thought of Heraclitus of Efesus, a presocratic philosopher. The most known line of interpretation of his ideas shows him as the philosopher of the flux, what means that for him the reality is always changing. In this texct, we argue against that reading, bringing the basis to aproach him of the idea of permanence. Exactly for that, it was also made a presentation of Parmenides of Elea, who is usualy seen as his radical opponent, but who was used here as an harmonic referential for the heraclitean metafors.

Neste trabalho argumento que o Teeteto é um diálogo sobre a relação entre o conceito de razão, entendido como uma potência específica da alma, e a sensação, compreendida como um processo inconsciente do corpo. No primeiro capítulo examino a análise platônica da epistemologia protagoreana. Tento mostrar que nesta seção Platão não está argumentando uma tese platônica sobre o mundo sensível. Ele está explicando e criticando os princípios fundamentais da epistemologia protagoreana. No final da seção Platão explica a distinção entre razão e sensação. Na análise da segunda parte defendo que a massa de argumentos dessa seção formula uma tese platônica sobre a essência do conhecimento. Por fim, no comentário da terceira definição examino o conceito de logos da teoria do sonho e o significado da tese de que os elementos são perceptíveis. / In this work I argue that the Theaetetus is a dialogue about the relation between the concept of reason, understood as a kind of power of the mind, and perception, viewed as an unconscious process of the body. In the first chapter I examine Platos analysis of Protagorean epistemology. I try to show that in this section Plato is not arguing his own view about the sensible world. He is, rather, explaining and criticizing the fundamental principles of the protagorean epistemology. At the end of this section Plato explains the distinction between reason and perception. In my analysis of the second part, I argue that the mass of arguments of this section formulates a platonic thesis about the essence of knowledge. Finally, in my commentary of the third definition, I examine Dreams concept of logos and the meaning of the thesis that the elements are perceivable.

This dissertation proposes to study how the commission and design of minor palaces contribute to the understanding of architectural practice in early 16th century Italy. The particular nature of the small urban palace as a reduced and less expensive version of larger palaces and its recurrent nature in the practice of architects malte this type of building very important in illustrating the changes in the profession at that time. Minor palace commissions also show architects dealing with a growing private market for the exercise of the profession: in Rome, the architect's clients belong to a lesser nobility composed of merchants and professional men (doctors, lawyers, notaries, artists, diplomats, bureaucrats) mostly connected to the Papal civil service. Moreover, the planning of these buildings manifest the increasing specialization of the profession at that time, when expertise in Ancient Roman architecture and the mastering of new instruments of representation (orthogonal projection, perspective, sketches) were added to the usual technical and artistic skills required of an architect. The dissertation focus on how architects define a planning procedure to cope with the new set of circumstances related to the commission of a minor palace (budget, site, program, recurrence). The design of a palace comprised different functions arranged in horizontal sequence with a few vertical connections; therefore, drawings of plans were the central instrument of their design. The dissertation is primarily based on the study of original plans that illustrate the working methods of 16th century Italian architects. Three of them were chosen (Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Baldassare Peruzzi and Andrea Palladio) based on their activity as designers of minor palaces and the existence of a substantial amount of plans for this kind of building by them. A second part of this work presents a general view of the working procedures employed by these three architects in commissions of minor palaces. Through the study of their drawings and planning procedures, this dissertation intends to illustrate the establishment of the modern sense of architectural practice in 16th century Italy as shown through the design of minor palaces.