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Showing 21 to 24 of 24 (0.024 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"cyperaceae""
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Caracterização nutricional do Mangarito (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) / Nutritional caracterization of Tannia (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott)Yoshime, Luciana Tedesco 29 August 2007 (has links)
O mangarito (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) ou mangará, é uma das espécies da família Araceae, e está entre inúmeras plantas rústicas encontradas nas regiões tropicais. A grande maioria dessas espécies são amiláceas, classificadas como calóricas e consideradas alimentos de subsistência, porém, não há muitos dados sobre esses alimentos não-convencionais, e o estudo deles, pode ter um papel importante na suplementação da alimentação de populações desnutridas e de baixo poder aquisitivo. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar composição centesimal, fibras solúveis e insolúveis, minerais, α-tocoferol e o perfil de carotenóides, no mangarito cru (CR) e cozido (CZ). Foram avaliadas cinco colheitas do mangarito provenientes de um único cultivar no interior do Estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2005 e 2007. Sua composição centesimal foi de aproximadamente 71,93% de umidade; 1,23% de cinzas; 1,43% de lipídeos e 2,11 % de proteínas e houve perdas estatisticamente significativas após o cozimento. Dessa forma, o valor calórico total do mangarito foi de aproximadamente 103,11 kcal/100g. Os valores de fibras alimentares foram de 3,5% (CR) e 3,62% (CZ), não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles. O resultado da análise de minerais revelou valores elevados de cálcio (CR=290,60 e CZ=330,0mg/100g), ferro (CR=3,90 e CZ=1,8mg/100g), potássio (CR=1408,70 e CZ=1300,4mg/100g) e zinco (CR=4,2 e CZ=5,20mg/100g). Foram encontrados 72,04µg/g de α-tocoferol e a perda pelo cozimento foi de 14,28%. Os carotenóides encontrados nas amostras foram α-caroteno (1,26µg/g), ζ-caroteno (3,41µg/g) e traços de mutatocromo e micronona e cozimento ocasionou perda de 20 a 66% para α-caroteno e de 6 a 60% para ζ-caroteno. Apesar da identificação de um carotenóide com atividade pró-vitamínica (α-caroteno), as quantidades encontradas no mangarito não foram suficientes para que o alimento recebesse a designação de fonte dessa vitamina. / Tannia (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) is characterized as a rustic plant found in tropical countries such as Brazil. Vegetables are sources of carotenoids that could be used in prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Considering the generally higher cost of animal foods, the provitamin A from vegetables should be considered as an expressive and easily obtainable source of vitamin A in developing countries Although tannia are popularly c1assified as a source of carotenoids, studies on its chemical composition are rare. Thus, because of the absence of the cultivation, tannia as well as others non-traditional vegetables may become extinct and still be classified as potential source of nutrients. Therefore the goal of the present study is to characterize the chemical composition and carotenoids profile of raw (RT) and cooked tannia (CT). It was analyzed 5 different crops of tannia from the countryside of Sao Paulo state harvested between years 2005 and 2007. When compared to RT, CT presented less (p<0.05) water, protein and fat. Regarding the total amount of energy, RT presented values between 95,12 to 143,60 Kcal/100g while CT presented values between 100,96 to 142,91 Kcal/100 g. In both RT and CT it was found great quantity of calcium (RT =290,60 mg/100 g; CT =330,0 mg/100 g), iron (RT =3,90 mg/100 g; CT = 1,8 mg/100 g), potassium (RT = 1408,70 mg/100 g; CT = 1300,4 mg/100 g) and zinc (RT = 4,2 mg/100 g; CT = 5,20 mg/100 g). Moreover, in RT it was found 72,04 µg of α-tocopherol while CT presented 14,28 % less. It was found α-carotene and ζ-carotene, mutatochrome and micronone in both RT and CT; however CT presented smaller (p<0.05) concentration of these carotenoids. In conclusion, tannia can not be considered a good source of provitamin A because of the small concentration of α-carotene. Although the great quantity of important minerals, more studies are necessary to elucidate their bioavailability in tannia.
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Caracterização nutricional do Mangarito (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) / Nutritional caracterization of Tannia (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott)Luciana Tedesco Yoshime 29 August 2007 (has links)
O mangarito (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) ou mangará, é uma das espécies da família Araceae, e está entre inúmeras plantas rústicas encontradas nas regiões tropicais. A grande maioria dessas espécies são amiláceas, classificadas como calóricas e consideradas alimentos de subsistência, porém, não há muitos dados sobre esses alimentos não-convencionais, e o estudo deles, pode ter um papel importante na suplementação da alimentação de populações desnutridas e de baixo poder aquisitivo. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar composição centesimal, fibras solúveis e insolúveis, minerais, α-tocoferol e o perfil de carotenóides, no mangarito cru (CR) e cozido (CZ). Foram avaliadas cinco colheitas do mangarito provenientes de um único cultivar no interior do Estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2005 e 2007. Sua composição centesimal foi de aproximadamente 71,93% de umidade; 1,23% de cinzas; 1,43% de lipídeos e 2,11 % de proteínas e houve perdas estatisticamente significativas após o cozimento. Dessa forma, o valor calórico total do mangarito foi de aproximadamente 103,11 kcal/100g. Os valores de fibras alimentares foram de 3,5% (CR) e 3,62% (CZ), não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles. O resultado da análise de minerais revelou valores elevados de cálcio (CR=290,60 e CZ=330,0mg/100g), ferro (CR=3,90 e CZ=1,8mg/100g), potássio (CR=1408,70 e CZ=1300,4mg/100g) e zinco (CR=4,2 e CZ=5,20mg/100g). Foram encontrados 72,04µg/g de α-tocoferol e a perda pelo cozimento foi de 14,28%. Os carotenóides encontrados nas amostras foram α-caroteno (1,26µg/g), ζ-caroteno (3,41µg/g) e traços de mutatocromo e micronona e cozimento ocasionou perda de 20 a 66% para α-caroteno e de 6 a 60% para ζ-caroteno. Apesar da identificação de um carotenóide com atividade pró-vitamínica (α-caroteno), as quantidades encontradas no mangarito não foram suficientes para que o alimento recebesse a designação de fonte dessa vitamina. / Tannia (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) is characterized as a rustic plant found in tropical countries such as Brazil. Vegetables are sources of carotenoids that could be used in prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Considering the generally higher cost of animal foods, the provitamin A from vegetables should be considered as an expressive and easily obtainable source of vitamin A in developing countries Although tannia are popularly c1assified as a source of carotenoids, studies on its chemical composition are rare. Thus, because of the absence of the cultivation, tannia as well as others non-traditional vegetables may become extinct and still be classified as potential source of nutrients. Therefore the goal of the present study is to characterize the chemical composition and carotenoids profile of raw (RT) and cooked tannia (CT). It was analyzed 5 different crops of tannia from the countryside of Sao Paulo state harvested between years 2005 and 2007. When compared to RT, CT presented less (p<0.05) water, protein and fat. Regarding the total amount of energy, RT presented values between 95,12 to 143,60 Kcal/100g while CT presented values between 100,96 to 142,91 Kcal/100 g. In both RT and CT it was found great quantity of calcium (RT =290,60 mg/100 g; CT =330,0 mg/100 g), iron (RT =3,90 mg/100 g; CT = 1,8 mg/100 g), potassium (RT = 1408,70 mg/100 g; CT = 1300,4 mg/100 g) and zinc (RT = 4,2 mg/100 g; CT = 5,20 mg/100 g). Moreover, in RT it was found 72,04 µg of α-tocopherol while CT presented 14,28 % less. It was found α-carotene and ζ-carotene, mutatochrome and micronone in both RT and CT; however CT presented smaller (p<0.05) concentration of these carotenoids. In conclusion, tannia can not be considered a good source of provitamin A because of the small concentration of α-carotene. Although the great quantity of important minerals, more studies are necessary to elucidate their bioavailability in tannia.
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Musteranalysen an ausgewählten variegaten Formen der Araceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Marantaceae und RosaceaeIbanez, David Rodriguez 18 July 2001 (has links)
Der Ursprung, die Entwicklung und die Formierung von Laubblatt-Mustern konnten bei ausgewählten variegaten Formen der Araceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Maranthaceae und Rosaceae erklärt werden. Die Pflanzen wurden je nach Problematik untersucht und in drei verschiedene Gruppen verteilt: In der ersten Gruppe, Blattmuster mit unregelmäßiger makulater Musterung, Monstera deliciosa, Syngonium podophyllum und die Sorten 'Pirol' und 'Luyona' von Dendranthema grandiflorum zeigen ein unregelmäßiges Laubblattmuster und keine weiß-randigen bzw. weißkernigen Periklinalchimären. Mischzellen wurden durch direkte (mikroskopisch) und indirekte (In-vitro-Kultur und Selbstungen) Nach der Plastidenentmischung in den Schichten des Sprossmeristems wurde bei Syngonium, Monstera und den zwei Sorten von Dendranthema die GW-Form als einzige stabile Periklinalchimäre nachgewiesen. In der zweiten Gruppe, Immerspaltende Periklinalchimären, die chimärische Konstitution GA bei Spiraea bumalda 'Goldflame' konnte durch Wurzelaustriebe (BATESON-Test) und die Adventivsprossinduktion aus Kallus nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus konnten mehrfach perikline Aufspaltungen der ersten Sprossscheitelschicht (Reduplikation von L1) nachgewiesen werden, die zur Entstehung der Panaschierung von 'Goldflame' zur Entmischung führten. Bei den Untersuchungen der In-vitro-Regenerate aus der Kalluskultur und der Wurzelaustriebe an S. bumalda 'Shirobana' wurde festgestellt, dass diese Pflanze keine Chimäre ist und das auftretende Muster der Blüten genetisch kontrolliert ist. In der dritten Gruppe, Hypoderm und Beeinflussung der Musterbildung: Die unmaskierten Binnenfelder bei Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Variegata' und der Rhododendron-Hybride 'Goldflimmer' sind durch die Existenz eines Hypoderms zu erklären. Bei Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Variegata' befindet sich ein Hypoderm an der Blattoberseite und der Blattunterseite. Bei 'Goldflimmer' liegt nur unter der oberen Epidermis ein einschichtiges Hypoderm vor. Infolgedessen fehlt an der Blattoberseite die Maskierung Das gelbe Binnenfeld des Blattmusters ist durch eine grüne Mesophyllschicht unterlagert. / The origin, development and formation of foliage-leaf-patterns could be explained with selected variegaten forms of the Araceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Marantaceae and Rosaceae. In order to prove this the plants were examined according to the problem and classified in three different groups: In the first group, leaf-patterns with irregular maculated patterns, Monstera deliciosa, Syngonium podophyllum and the sorts 'Pirol' and 'Luyona' of Dendranthema grandiflorum showed an irregular foliage-leaf-pattern, thought neither to show periclinal chimeras with white edges nor with green edges. Mixed cells were detected by direct (microscopic) and indirect (In vitro culture and self pollination) test. After the plastid sorting out in the layers of the meristems, the green over white Form was proven with Syngonium, Monstera and the two sorts of Dendranthema as a single stable periclinal chimera. In the second group, eversporting periclinal chimeras, the green over aurea chimeral constitution with Spiraea bumalda 'Goldflame' was proved by the regeneration of adventitious shoots from their roots (BATESON-Test) and also by the induction of adventitious bud from callus. Periclinal divisions of the first layer of meristems (reduplication of L1), which are responsible for the appearing of green pattern of the leafs was proved many times. Examination of the regenerated shoots from callus and from the adventitious shoots from roots of S. bumalda 'Shirobana' showed that this plant is not a chimera and that the appearing pattern of the blooms is genetically controlled. In the third group, hypoderm and influence of the pattern-formation, the unmasked inner-fields with Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Variegata' and the Rhododendron-hybrid 'Goldflimmer' were explained through the existence of one layered hypoderm under the upper Epidermis as well as over the lower Epidermis of C. lubbersiana 'Variegata', thought in 'Goldflimmer' it is only found a one layer Hypoderm under the upper epidermis. Subsequently, the masking is missing at the upper-leaf side the yellow inner-field of the leaf-pattern is through a green Mesophyllslayer masked.
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Mekanisk uppgrävning: ett effektivt verktyg mot den invasiva främmande arten gul skunkkalla (Lysichiton americanus) : En utredning av behandlingsmetoderKekäle, Oscar January 2023 (has links)
Den biologiska mångfalden minskar globalt och ett av de största hoten utgörs av invasiva främmande arter. Natura-2000 området Fylleån, Halland, huserar en av de största svenska populationerna av gul skunkkalla (Lysichiton americanus). Arten utgör ett hot mot de naturvärden som finns i Fylleån och är subjekt för extensiva behandlingsarbeten i området för att motarbeta växtens effekt på ekosystemet. Det finns i dagsläget ingen evidens för att behandlingsmetoderna som presenteras av Naturvårdsverket och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens metodkatalog har effektivitet i svenska vattendrag. Målet med min studie är att undersöka effektiviteten av mekanisk uppgrävning samt ytlig hetvattensbehandling som behandlingsmetoder för gul skunkkalla. Jag undersöker även lämpligheten för användandet av övriga metoder presenterade av metodkatalogen och metoderna hetvattensbehandling och fröställningsborttagning som inte listats i metodkatalogen men som testas av myndigheter i viss utsträckning. Den första delen av studien genomförs som jämförelsestudie mellan områden som behandlats i olika grad med mekanisk grävning och hetvattenbehandling för att bestämma metodernas effektivitet. Den andra delen av min studie var att genom en litteraturgenomgång med metodkatalogen som utgångspunkt avgöra lämpligheten på och reflektera över metoderna samt reflektera över metodernas lämplighet att användas civilt. Min slutsats är att mekanisk grävning ger minskande populationer och signifikanta skillnader i individantal, förutsatt att behandlingen utförs rätt och konsekvent. Jag resonerar att andra behandlingsmetoder kan påverka mer organismer än vad man avsett och att de därför är olämpliga att bruka i Fylleån. Jag diskuterar vad jag anser är rimligt idéellt arbete i nuläget samt framtida potential och behovet av information i rätt kanaler. / Biodiversity is decreasing globally and one of the biggest threats is invasive alien species. The Natura-2000 area Fylleån, Halland, houses one of the largest Swedish populations of the American skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus). The species poses a threat to the natural values found in Fylleån and is subjected to extensive treatment to counteract the plant's effect on the ecosystem. There is currently no evidence for the effectiveness of the treatment methods presented by Naturvårdsverket and Havs- och vattenmyndighetens method catalog in Swedish watercourses. The goal of my study is to investigate the effectiveness of mechanical excavation and superficial hot water treatment as treatment methods for American skunk cabbage, along with hot water treatment and seed stand removal which are not listed in the method catalog but are tested by authorities to a certain extent. Through a comparative study between areas treated to varying degrees with mechanical digging and hot water treatment, I determine the effectiveness of the methods. The second part of my study was to try to determine the suitability of and reflect on the methods, as well as reflect on the suitability of the methods for civilian use through a literature review using the method catalog as a starting point. My conclusion is that mechanical digging produces declining populations and significant differences in found individuals, provided the treatment is carried out correctly and consistently. I reason that other treatment methods can affect more organisms than intended, and that they are therefore unsuitable for use in Fylleån.
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