In this dissertation I analyze Sir Arthur Eddington's statistical theory as developed in the first six chapters of his posthumously published Fundamental Theory. In particular I look at the mathematical structure, philosophical implications, and relevancy to modern physics. This analysis is the only one of Fundamental Theory that compares it to modern quantum field theory and is the most comprehensive look at his statistical theory in four decades. Several major insights have been made in this analysis including the fact that he was able to derive Pauli's Exclusion Principle in part from Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. In addition the most profound general conclusion of this research is that Fundamental Theory is, in fact, an early quantum field theory, something that has never before been suggested. Contrary to the majority of historical reports and some comments by his contemporaries, this analysis shows that Eddington's later work is neither mystical nor was it that far from mainstream when it was published. My research reveals numerous profoundly deep ideas that were ahead of their time when Fundamental Theory was developed, but that have significant applicability at present. As such this analysis presents several important questions to be considered by modern philosophers of science, physicists, mathematicians, and historians. In addition it sheds new light on Eddington as a scientist and mathematician, in part indicating that his marginalization has been largely unwarranted.

This thesis explores representations of wild nature in two Arthurian texts – one British and one American – produced in an age characterised by rapid social transformation: Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Idylls of the King (1859-1885) and Howard Pyle’s Story of King Arthur and His Knights (1903). By investigation of the textual descriptions of wilderness and the portrayals of characters living there, the study aims to investigate what attitudes towards unkempt nature are displayed in the two texts. While both narratives give evidence of a powerful nostalgia for a vanishing paradise, the yearning for Eden is expressed quite differently. Pyle’s text fuses the concepts of wilderness and paradise together by depicting the unkempt landscape as a place of splendour and spiritual enjoyment. Such a celebration of nature might well be seen a reaction against the rapid loss of wild spaces across America (and Britain) during the life-time of the author. In the Idylls, paradise is represented in the domesticated yet green landscape of the faraway fairy island of Avilion. Wilderness, on the other hand, is depicted as a harmful disease progressively spreading across the realm, arguably bringing about a moral degeneration among the human characters. In the end, however, it is not wilderness, but the corruption of the supposedly civilised characters that causes the collapse of Arthur’s empire. On closer inspection, the real danger thus seems to come from culture and material conditions rather than from nature.

Sherlock Holmes har adapterats till film i över hundra år. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att genomföra en studie om adaptioner av Sherlock Holmes romanen The Hound of the Baskerville har anpassats för sin samtid mellan 1939 och 2012. Analysen utgår därmed ifrån Sidney Lanfields adaption ifrån 1939 med Basil Rathbone, Terence Fishers adaption ifrån 1959 med Peter Cushing. Slutligen TV-serien Sherlocks adaption ifrån 2012 med Benedict Cumberbatch i rollen som Holmes. Den grundläggande teorin för uppsatsen är adaptionsteori, för att få fram hur Sir Arthur Conan Doyles roman har ändrats och anpassats för att bli lämplig för sin samtida publik. Analysen är uppdelad i tre kapitel, i vilka olika delar av det som har adapterats analyseras. De olika kapitlen handlar om filmskaparna har omarbetat och tolkat Doyles roman för sin samtid? Har de tolkat och omarbetat de kvinnliga karaktärerna för sin samtids publik? Har Sherlock själv utvecklats mellan de tre adaptionerna? Slutsats omfattar sedan en diskussion om uppsatsens resultat, baserad på Linda Hutcheons teori om adaption. / Sherlock Holmes have been adapted to film for over a hundred years. The purpose with this essay is to conduct a study of how adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes novel The Hound of the Baskervilles have been adjusted between 1939 and 2012, to make the story more appropriate for their contemporary audience. The analysis is based on Sidney Lanfields 1939 adaptation with Basil Rathbone, the 1959 Terence Fisher adaptation with Peter Cushing and the 2012 adaptation for the TV series Sherlock. The Essay is based in adaption theory, to determine how Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s novel has been changed and adjusted to make the story more appropriate for the contemporary audience of the adaptation in question. The analysis is divided into three chapters, which examines different aspects of what has been adapted. The different chapters analyze how the filmmakers have reworked and interpreted Doyle’s novel for their time, how they have interpreted and reworked the female characters and how Sherlock himself has evolved between the three adaptations.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-12-22T14:47:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3952698 bytes, checksum: f54753dd1c6cca9dc04122e71944b318 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T14:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3952698 bytes, checksum: f54753dd1c6cca9dc04122e71944b318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / It is presented an enlargement of the notion field of information representation in the context of Information Science, bringing the trace of epistemic trajectory, from Classical Antiquity and its western linear thought, passing by its heritages, until the perceived connections between Information Science and the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer. The thesis that it would be found such resource to the bases of this enlargement in the thought of Schopenhauer, which defends the comparison and reflection between the philosophic aspects of the thought of the author and the theoretical bases of Information Representation in the ambit of Information Science, in Brazil, it indicated, from the reflections and arguments enrolled, that there are relevant elements in the thought of Schopenhauer, in which there are points of theoretical convergence that can ground these debates in the ambit of Information Science, mainly in the Theory of Knowledge developed by Schopenhauer, especially in its notion of conceptual spheres. / Apresenta-se um alargamento do campo nocional da representação da informação no contexto da Ciência da Informação, trazendo-se o traço do caminhar epistêmico, desde a antiguidade clássica e seu pensamento ocidental linear, passando por suas heranças, até as conexões percebidas entre a Ciência da Informação e o pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer. A tese de que seria encontrado tal recurso para as bases desse alargamento no pensamento de Schopenhauer, e que defende o cotejamento e reflexão entre os aspectos filosóficos do pensamento do autor e as bases teóricas da representação da informação no seio da Ciência da Informação, no Brasil, indicou, diante das reflexões e argumentos arrolados, que existem relevantes elementos no pensamento schopenhaueriano, nos quais há pontos de convergência teórica e que podem fundamentar estes debates no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, sobretudo em sua Teoria do Conhecimento, especialmente na sua noção de esferas conceituais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T12:05:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000478220-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 2626772 bytes, checksum: 4871148c45e94b1a05d0e829a5947170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This work promotes a search of the structural relationship between poetry and play. Thus, a theoretical and literary pathway was mandatory. French Symbolism was the analytical starting point of this study, especially in the figures of Baudelaire, Rimbaud and Mallarmé. This last one, taken as the apex of the playful and experimental poetry of his time, was the greatest pillar of this approach. In addition, a playful pathway was also required, blending concepts and theories sourced from the game field. This search yet showcased the investigation of compelling issues such as hypertextuality, co-authorship and rewriting. / O presente trabalho promove uma busca pela relação estrutural entre a poesia e os jogos. Para tanto, um percurso teórico-literário se fez necessário. O Simbolismo Francês foi o ponto de partida analítico deste estudo, em especial nas figuras de Baudelaire, Rimbaud e Mallarmé. Este último, enquanto ápice da poesia lúdica e experimental da sua época, foi o grande pilar desta abordagem. Além disso, também foi necessário um percurso lúdico, fazendo uso de conceitos e teorias pertencentes ao universo dos jogos. Esta busca permitiu ainda investigar questões intrigantes como hipertextualidade, co-autoria e reescritura.

As histórias de Sherlock Holmes cativam inúmeros leitores desde que o primeiro romance foi publicado em 1887 pelo autor escocês Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. As aventuras vividas pelo grande detetive Sherlock Holmes e seu companheiro Dr. John Watson têm sido adaptadas para outras mídias desde 1890, e épocas diferentes apresentam diferentes interpretações das personagens. Duas das mais recentes adaptações televisivas, Sherlock (2010 –), da BBC, e Elementary (2012 –), da CBS, se passam na contemporaneidade, inspirando uma reconfiguração das personagens, principalmente a de John Watson, considerando o fato de que ele não é mais o principal narrador das histórias na mídia audiovisual – o narrador fílmico é quem cumpre esse papel –, abrindo novas possibilidades para os papéis da personagem. Tais possibilidades motivam esta dissertação, que propõe um estudo da caracterização da personagem literária nos romances Um estudo em vermelho (1887) e O cão dos Baskerville (1902), para então considerar sua nova caracterização nas duas séries televisivas mencionadas acima. O trabalho, portanto, está dividido em quatro capítulos. O primeiro apresenta uma introdução ao autor e a relação com sua própria obra, além de um panorama histórico das adaptações fílmicas e televisivas, enfatizando as caracterizações de Watson nelas. O segundo apresenta as teorias que alicerçam a análise, particularmente a narratologia literária de Mieke Bal (2009), a narratologia fílmica de Peter Verstraten (2009), e as considerações de Jason Mittell (2015) acerca da personagem televisiva. Os capítulos três e quatro trazem as análises dos romances e séries de televisão respectivamente, focando nas (re)configurações da personagem Watson. Ao final deste trabalho, esperamos ter contribuído para um aprofundamento e diversificação dos estudos de personagem a partir de referenciais narratológicos, linha de estudos pouco desenvolvida, especialmente no Brasil. Da mesma forma, pretendemos demonstrar como adaptações televisivas exploram e amplificam o papel de personagens-narradoras, dando a elas e a outras personagens mais autonomia na obra audiovisual. / The Sherlock Holmes stories have captivated innumerous readers since the first novel was published in 1887 by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The adventures lived by the Great Detective Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr. John Watson have been adapted to other media from as early as 1890, and different times present different portrayals of the characters. Two of the latest television adaptations, BBC’s Sherlock (2010 –) and CBS’s Elementary (2012 –), are set in contemporary times, inspiring a reconfiguration of the characters, especially John Watson, considering the fact that he is not the main narrator of the stories in the audiovisual medium – the filmic narrator fulfills that function –, opening new possibilities for the character’s roles. These possibilities motivate this thesis, and we propose a study of the characterization of the literary character in the novels A Study in Scarlet (1887) and The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902), so that we can consider the new Watson’s characterization in the two television series aforementioned. Therefore, the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first presents an introduction to the author and his relation to his own work, along with a historical overview of film and television adaptations, emphasizing Watson’s characterization. The second presents the theoretical framework of the analyses, particularly the literary narratology as proposed by Mieke Bal (2009), film narratology as proposed by Peter Verstraten (2009), and Jason Mittell’s (2015) considerations about television characters. Chapters three and four are dedicated to the analyses of the novels and television series respectively, focusing on Watson’s (re)configurations. By the end of this work, we hope to have contributed to the further development and diversification of character studies with the use of narratological references, an undeveloped line of studies, especially in Brazil. In addition, we hope to demonstrate how television adaptations explore and amplify the role of character-narrators, giving them and other characters more autonomy in the audiovisual work.

A partir da teoria do escopo formulada por Katharina Reiß e Hans Vermeer em Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) e de uma expansão do modelo de análise textual de relevância tradutória apresentado por Christiane Nord em Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), a presente tese de doutorado apresenta um novo modelo teórico para a execução da TRADUÇÃO RETROSPECTIVA, definida como a tradução a posteriori de um TP (texto precursor) ainda inédito na cultura-alvo que mantenha uma relação de influência e/ou precedência cronológica com um TS (texto sucessor) já traduzido anteriormente para a cultura-alvo, de maneira que a tradução de TP cause a impressão de ser anterior e/ou de ter influenciado a tradução de TS. A tradução retrospectiva tem por objetivo simular, na culturaalvo, a relação existente entre o original de TP e o original de TS na cultura-fonte através de uma inversão das relações de influência literária segundo os moldes propostos por Jorge Luis Borges no ensaio “Kafka y sus precursores”. Uma vez exposto o modelo teórico, o trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o volume O grande deus Pã, totalmente concebido em função de uma tradução retrospectiva do TP The Great God Pan, de Arthur Machen, feita com uma visada sobre o TS “The Dunwich Horror”, de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, traduzido anteriormente por mim. / By building on the Skopos theory proposed by Katharina Reiß and Hans Vermeer in Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) and on an expansion of the model for text analysis in translation presented by Christiane Nord in Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), this doctoral dissertation introduces a new theoretical model for RETROSPECTIVE TRANSLATION, defined as an a posteriori translation of a PT (precursor text) still unpublished in the target culture which in turn maintains a relationship of influence and/or chronological precedence with an ST (successor text) previously translated in the target culture, so that the translation of PT may seem to have anticipated and/or influenced the translation of ST. The objective of a retrospective translation is to simulate, in the target culture, the existing relation between the original of PT and the original of ST in the source culture by promoting an inversion of traditional literary influence relations inspired by Jorge Luis Borges's essay “Kafka and his precursors”. Once the theoretical model is laid out, there follows a case study of the volume O grande deus Pã, entirely conceived around a retrospective translation of the PT The Great God Pan, by Arthur Machen, done with a backward glance toward the ST “The Dunwich Horror”, by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, previously translated by me.

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aleixo_ElvisBrassaroto_M.pdf: 1043033 bytes, checksum: 6043d1ba084071a636876098c682d93a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa à análise da espiritualidade na poesia de Augusto dos Anjos sob a perspectiva do sagrado budista absorvido pelo poeta principalmente por intermédio do pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer. O trabalho está dividido em três partes: a primeira versa sobre a classificação literária da obra de Augusto dos Anjos e também aborda a relação entre literatura e religião; a segunda apresenta uma refutação ao suposto ateísmo presente em seus poemas e afirma sua espiritualidade eclética; a terceira identifica e faz uma leitura crítica das peças poéticas em que o budismo está presente, privilegiando o conceito religioso de nirvana / Abstract: This thesis makes an analysis of the spirituality in the poetry of Augusto dos Anjos under the perspective of the sacred buddhist that was apprehended by the Brazilian poet mainly through Arthur Schopenhauer thought. The thesis is divided in three parts: the first section turns about the literary classification of Augusto dos Anjos¿ poetic anthology, and it also discusses the relationship between literature and religion; the second presents a refutation against the supposed atheism in his poems and it affirms his eclectic spirituality; the third part identifies and makes a critical reading of specific poems where Buddhist ideas is present, with special attention for the religious concept of nirvana / Mestrado / Literatura Brasileira / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Socorro de Lima.pdf: 470886 bytes, checksum: c990937ec47b978678665da2d006694e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / This paper proposes to understand and reflect how the categories of will and knowledge are addressed in the philosophy of Schopenhauer and what relationship they have with the moral altruistic. For this we seek to understand the inversion that makes Schopenhauer in his philosophy on the intuitive and abstract and the delimitation of intellect and reason faculties. For this, we will understand what the limits of the subject knowledge that relates to the world, the phenomena in the forms and principles inherent in this type of knowledge. In turn, we will also present the proper conditions to the subject's knowledge of the will as a metaphysical foundation of the world, being considered as "means" to approach, the body, the ideas and overcome the individuation principle. First we tried to identify which means knowledge of the will grounds the moral altruistic. Below we investigate the existence of a determination of the intelligible character to the moral and also the relationship of empirical character, acquired character and the motivations for the actins considered as endowed with genuine moral value. Finally, from the conclusions that the individuation principle overcoming is what provides recognition of the will as the one essence of the world and the suffering as identical to all beings, the definition understanding of character for the moral altruistic, we entered the approach about moral standards of Schopenhauer. Compassion, a sentiment that erupts from the individuation principle overcoming, is the basis of spontaneous justice and charity. With this, we contrast, finally, to the asceticism and understanding of the ascetic, even through the denial of the life will the individual has focused his will, placing it at contradiction, as the adoption of his way of life is foreshadowed by the individuation principle overcoming and compassion, he also appears related to morality. / O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em refletir sobre as categorias de vontade e de conhecimento apresentadas na filosofia de Schopenhauer e compreender que relação elas possuem com a moral altruísta. Para isso busca-se compreender a inversão que Schopenhauer efetua em sua filosofia sobre o intuitivo e o abstrato e a delimitação das faculdades de entendimento e de razão. Para isso vamos buscar entender quais são os limites de conhecimento do sujeito que se relaciona com o mundo, com os fenômenos, sob as formas e os princípios inerentes a esse tipo de conhecimento. Por sua vez, iremos apresentar também as condições peculiares do sujeito para o conhecimento da vontade como fundamento metafísico do mundo, considerando aqui como vias de abordagem o corpo, as ideias e a superação do princípio de individuação. Primeiro buscamos identificar qual é a via de conhecimento da vontade em si que fundamenta a moral altruísta. A seguir investigamos a existência da determinação a priori do caráter inteligível para a moral e também a relação do caráter empírico, caráter adquirido, e das motivações para ações consideradas como dotadas de autêntico valor moral. Por fim, a partir das conclusões de que a superação do princípio de individuação é o que propicia o reconhecimento da vontade como essência una do mundo e do sofrimento como idêntico a todos os seres; da compreensão da definição do caráter a priori para a moral altruísta, adentramos na abordagem sobre os níveis morais em Schopenhauer. A compaixão, sentimento que irrompe a partir da superação do princípio de individuação, é o que fundamenta a justiça espontânea e a caridade. Por meio do exposto, apresentamos, por fim, o ascetismo e a compreensão de que o asceta, ainda que, mediante a negação da vontade de vida, ele tenha como foco a sua vontade, colocando-se em contradição com ela, na medida em que a adoção de seu modo de vida é prefigurada pela superação do princípio de individuação e da compaixão, ele surge também relacionado com a moral.

Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Durante_FelipedosSantos_M.pdf: 1370879 bytes, checksum: 37b2f8153e9ff464e64d46151d34e3fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é perscrutar a doutrina do Direito (Rechtslehre) de Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), i.e., elucidar e compreender sua fundamentação, sua formulação (como o filósofo de Frankfurt consegue utilizar e assimilar fontes antitéticas, como Thomas Hobbes e Jean-Jacques Rousseau?), o diálogo estabelecido com a tradição - como Schopenhauer lê essa tradição -, as consequências engendradas por essa doutrina, e sua inserção sistemática na filosofia schopenhaueriana. Esse esforço compreende quatro etapas: (i) exegese dos textos schopenhauerianos em que a doutrina do Direito é formulada; (ii) frequentar os textos que influenciaram a filosofia schopenhaueriana na formulação dessa doutrina para entender o diálogo que ele trava com essa tradição; (iii) buscar nos manuscritos póstumos de Schopenhauer as anotações que serviram como base para formulação de sua doutrina do direito; e (iv) elucidar e compreender a teoria da ação (conhecida também por teoria sobre a liberdade da Vontade), i.e., compreender como Schopenhauer fundamenta os conceitos de imputabilidade (Zurechnungsfähigkeit) e de responsabilidade (Verantwortlichkeit). Espera-se, ao desenvolver as etapas supracitadas, explicitar a relação da doutrina do direito com a moral - tal como pensada por Schopenhauer -, entender o papel específico da teoria da justiça dentro do sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer, e como ela se relaciona com a tradição. Tal percurso permitirá o melhor entendimento da argumentação que constitui a formulação da teoria do direito schopenhaueriana, bem como da sua ética, que é para esse filósofo a parte mais importante da filosofia / Abstract: The general objective of this research is to scrutinize the Arthur Schopenhauer's doctrine of the Right (Rechtslehre) (1788 -1860), in order to elucidate and understand its basis, its formulation (how does Schopenhauer use and assimilate antithetical sources such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau?), the established dialogue with the tradition - such as Schopenhauer reads it -, the consequences engendered by this doctrine, and its systematic insertion in Schopenhauer's philosophy. This effort comprises four stages: (i) exegesis of the Schopenhauer's texts in which the doctrine of the right is formulated; (ii) to read the texts that influenced the formulation of Schopenhauer's philosophy in order to understand the dialogue he engages with that tradition; (iii) to search in Schopenhauer's posthumous manuscripts the notes that worked as basis for the formulation of his doctrine of the right; and (iv) to elucidate and understand the freedom of the will theory, which means to understand how Schopenhauer establishes the concepts of accountability (Zurechnungsfähigkeit) and responsibility (Verantwortlichkeit). When developing the foregoing stages, it is expected to bring to light the relationship between the doctrine of the right and the moral as thought by Schopenhauer. Furthermore, to understand the specific role of the theory of justice inside Schopenhauer's philosophical system and how it links with the tradition. Such course will allow better understanding of the steps that led Schopenhauer to develop his theory of the right, as well as his ethics, which is for him, the most important part of philosophy / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia