Constitutional Development in American Colonies (Summary) This thesis pertains to constitutional development in North American Colonies in the respective historical context. The thesis is structured chronologically, commencing with the early attempts of British colonization in the 16th century, and follows through the 17th century to the adoption of the Constitution of the United States of America in 1789. Moreover, the thesis also reflects the geographical aspect, focusing first at New England Colonies, then at Mid Atlantic colonies, and finally at Southern Colonies, proceeding in the usual way from the North to the South. The beginning of the thesis (the second chapter) indicates the English colonization attempts in the 16th century and the Royal Patents issued by the King, which authorized their holders to take over and colonize new territories.The third chapter deals with the beginnings of New England Colonies and the continuous development of their central administration bodies, pointing at the content of selected significant constitutional documents of this period. In the fourth chapter, the thesis focuses at the constitutional development of New England Colonies in the second half of the 17th century, which was completed by the creation of unified administration of all colonies in this area in the...

Limits of shareholders' agreements - Resumé This diploma thesis deals with the limits of shareholders' agreements. Its goal is not only to introduce the legal concept of the shareholders' agreements themselves, with regard to their content, forms or types, but above all to point out the limits which restrict their validity. The shareholders' agreements as an obligatory legal institute have their limits, which must be respected by the parties to the agreements. This thesis focuses primarily on the contractual autonomy of the parties to the agreement, together with other limits resulting from the stock law such as the prohibition of disadvantage shareholders, limitation of types of stocks or possible establishment of an internal shareholder's company. This diploma thesis also describes the key institute that stands side by side the shareholders' agreements - the articles of incorporation. Since the parties to the shareholders' agreements can be and most often are the shareholders themselves, I focus on the relationship between the agreements and a certain loyalty of shareholders to the joint stock company. This analysis is completed with even more intense duty of loyalty in case the party to the agreement is a shareholder and on top of that simultaneously a member of the statutory body. This diploma thesis...

The Swedish television series “Kalifat” premiered on January 12th, 2020 and quickly became heavily debated in the Swedish media for its portrayal of Islam and Muslim people. The aim of this research is to study the arguments and attitudes found in this debate and relate them to the theoretical framework of media dissemination and mediatization. The theoretical perspectives creating the foundation for this study is the formative, reflexive and representative media dissemination as presented by Hodkinson (2017). The mediatization theory will also be used to situate the debate and the series itself within a broader context. The empirical material used in this study consists of 10 Swedish debate articles published between January 19th and February 18th 2020.  A qualitative argumentation analysis has been used to identify the attitudes and arguments in the debate. In addition, these have been coded, categorized and structured in accordance with a systematic text condensation. The analysis shows that there are both positive and negative attitudes towards the series, with most of the arguments in the debate conveying a negative attitude towards the series and its portrayal of Muslims and Islam. These arguments are mainly related to stereotypification, prejudices and negative representation. Arguments related to a more positive attitude towards “Kalifat” is connected to the journalists view of what the series is trying to impart upon the audience, and its realistic representation of an important topic in society.   In relation to the three concepts of media dissemination the study has concluded that the different arguments relate to the interconnectedness of media and religion. The study shows that most of the arguments put forward can be understood in this context by implementing the understanding of media as conduits, language and environments. The study also concludes that both the debate and the series itself can be interpreted and understood in relation to all these media functions. The results found in the study also correlate with previous research on the subject.

This volume is a sequel to Volumes 4 and 17. All three volumes list articles and photographs in the Leipzig Mission's main journal relating to what are now northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, where the Mission worked. This volume covers the years 1906-1910.

1 One-tier organisational structure of Czech joint-stock companies and British public limited companies Abstract This thesis deals with selected issues of one-tier board structure of a joint-stock company in the Czech and British legislation. The emphasis is placed on the position and regulation of the Board of directors, its members, shareholders, and their mutual relationship. Not only has the present legal regulation been monitored, but also its historical roots, which significantly influenced the evolution of the institute and its present form. The first chapter deals with corporate governance. It includes all aspects and theories, which as a whole have completed the position of a shareholder as well as a joint-stock company itself. Moreover, diffuse and concentrated ownership is explained, as well as separation of ownership of the company from its management, and the related "principal"-"agent" problem. Also, the basic characteristics of Anglo-Saxon and continental approach to the law have been reflected. The second chapter describes and clarifies the essence and the form of one-tier board structure as it is regulated in the UK. A remarkable element of British company law is the extent to which the company's internal affairs are left to its shareholders through the company's articles of association....

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Denna studie har undersökt med vilket språkbruk samt i vilka diskurser invandrare framställs i Trollhättans lokala tidning åren 1969, 1991 och 2015. Materialinsamlingen tog sin utgångspunkt i ord och fraser som relaterade till invandrare och invandring för att sedan kategoriseras in i olika teman. Utifrån dessa teman identifierades tre olika diskurser – risk, resurs och humanistisk diskurs. Till sist analyserades språkliga variationer mellan de olika nedslagsåren. Genomgående finns det en välvilja gentemot invandrarna, att de acklimatiseras och integreras in i det svenska samhället. Samtidigt konstrueras det i och med detta ett "vi" och "dom"-perspektiv genom språkhandlingar. Överlag privilegieras Sverige, svensk kultur och det svenska språket gentemot invandrarens kultur och språk. När svenskarna som grupp privilegieras i förhållande till en annan grupp innebär det samtidigt att den andra gruppen diskrimineras, vilket i denna studies fall är invandrarna, deras kultur och deras språk. Invandraren tenderar att inte få komma till tals, utan det är istället skribenten som bestämmer vad som är bäst för invandraren i många artiklar och ledare. Invandraren betraktas som en främling och i grupp som homogen utan individuella egenskaper i tidningens språkbruk.

Applied linguistics has lately been seen in studies of formulaicity of language operating through recurrent word combinations. The present study deals with one type of word combinations, namely lexical bundles (LBs), which are defined as a sequence of three or more words that frequently co-occur in a particular register (Biber et al., 1999). The present study is a corpus-based analysis of four-word lexical bundles extracted from Music research articles (RAs). The Corpus of Music Research Articles (CMRA) of one million words was created in order to perform structural classification of the retrieved lexical bundles and an analysis of their functions. The CMRA includes 110 articles collected from international music journals from various music subdisciplines. In order to find which lexical bundles were characteristic of music research specifically, the findings were compared to previous research based on other academic disciplines. The list of 218 lexical bundles was compared to the one of three different subject areas (Jalilifar et al., 2016) with the purpose of identification of discipline-specific LBs (n=102) which included 20 topic-specific bundles; and general lexical bundles (n=116) which included 56 core bundles shared among Music and three subject areas (Art and Humanities, Sciences and Social sciences). Structurally and functionally, the analysis of the extracted lexical bundles demonstrated that native English expert writers predominantly used preposition-based phrases (50%), with respect to structure; and research-oriented bundles (74%), with respect to function. The findings have pedagogical applications and could be used in courses in English for Specific Purposes.

The media plays a major role in today's society. What we do not experience ourselves, we can be told through the media. Seen from this, the purpose of this study is to investigate how immigrants are described in news articles in Swedish morning and evening newspapers during the period 2016-2021, with focus on the negative aspects. We will focus on answering which specific characteristics the term immigrant is associated with and in which perspectives it is written about immigrants. The study is based on a qualitative text analysis and the empirical material we have collected thus consists of 24 news articles.The articles were analyzed using post colonial theory, the dichotomy We and the Others and stereotypes.The results show that Swedish morning and evening newspapers describe immigrants in more negative than positive terms. There is also a continuous description of characteristics in the form of stereotypes. Newspapers portray, so to speak, an image of immigrants as different, deviant and foreign. At the same time, the results show that there is a marked difference between immigrants and Swedes as immigrants stand in sharp contrast to the so-called "Swedishness". The conclusions we can draw from the results is that the media differentiate between immigrants and ethnic Swedes with the help of different characteristics and perspectives to describe immigrants.

Scholarly impact and visibility have traditionally been assessed by estimating the number and quality of publications and citations in the scholarly literature. But now scholars are increasingly visible on the Web. Twitter, Mendeley and other social media platforms are quite well-known and interesting tools for sharing research articles among scholars. Based on the capabilities of altmetrics, this thesis analyses the altmetric coverage and impact of LIS articles published by Swedish universities during 2013 to 2017. It also tries to paint a picture of demographic of people engaged with these articles. The most common altmetric sources are considered using a sample of 170 LIS journal articles. The findings were interpreted using two different sociological theories: the normative theory of Merton´s norms and the theory of social constructivism. The result of the study showed that Mendeley has the highest coverage of journal articles (65 percent) followed by Twitter (33 percent) while very few of the publications are mentioned in blogs or on Facebook. Researchers were the main Mendeley readers of articles with 53 percent, followed by the general public at 26 percent. This study, on the other hand, found out that public users were the main group that shared articles on Twitter. The list of articles with a high number of tweets showed that most topics in the field of LIS are associated with bibliometrics and citation impacts. The results demonstrate that the adoption of altmetric methods within the LIS fields is inevitable, but several issues must be considered to identify their potential.