Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-03-23T14:53:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ELUSA_SCHEIBLER_PARCIAL.pdf: 424780 bytes, checksum: 1d777a8f417e06f635286ca4d52e7d71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T14:53:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ELUSA_SCHEIBLER_PARCIAL.pdf: 424780 bytes, checksum: 1d777a8f417e06f635286ca4d52e7d71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection in the oral cavity of human beings. It is an oportunistic disease, which has predisposing factors such as xerostomia, alcohol and tobacco use, ill-fitted and poor cleaned dentures, diabetes mellitus, severe nutritional deficiencies and imunosuppressive conditions such as HIV infection and chemotherapy. Nystatin and chlorhexidine have been widely used to control oral infections, sometimes in an associated protocol. Nevertheless, there are reports about an antagonistic interaction when these drugs are combined. The present work aimed to analyze, in vitro, the effect of combined nystatin and chlorhexidine on Candida albicansand the stability of their mixture as well. The drugs were tested alone and in different combinations including single formulation and independent formulations with different time intervals. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs was determined by the broth microdilution method, and also their effects on the optical density (OD) of suspensions and biofilms of C. albicans were evaluated.The stability of nystatin/chorhexidine mixture was tested in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nystatin/chlorhexidine single formulation did not show a significantly differentMICcompared to the drugs used alone.The combinations with time intervalsbetween drugs showed higher MIC than the drugs alone, except for the MIC of chlorhexidine with 10-min interval. According to our results, the combination of the drugs interferes with theMIC, increasing its level, exceptfor the chlorhexidine MIC in nystatin/chlorhexidine single formulation. Nystatin/chlorhexidine combinations showed impaired activity against C.albicans biofilms. Among the combinations, that with 30-min interval showed the highest antifungal effect and the single formulation the lowest. The drugs when combined showed high percentages of degradation at all the times evaluated. Conclusion: The combination of nystatin and chlorhexidine interferes with their effectiveness and also increases their rate of degradation. / A candid?ase ? a infec??o f?ngica mais prevalente na cavidade oral de seres humanos. ? uma infec??o oportunista, que tem por fatores predisponentes a xerostomia, o uso de ?lcool e tabaco, pr?teses mal-higienizadas e mal-adptadas, diabetes mellitus, defici?ncias nutricionais graves e condi??es imunossupressoras como infec??o pelo HIV e quimioterapia. A nistatina e a clorexidina t?m sido amplamente empregadas no controle de processos infecciosos da cavidade oral, algumas vezes simultaneamente. Entretanto, h? relatos na literatura de que, se empregadas de forma combinada, essas drogas teriam intera??o antag?nica. O presente estudoteve por objetivo avaliar, in vitro, o efeito do uso concomitante de clorexidina e nistatina sobre Candida albicans. As drogas foram testadas em diferentes combina??es, incluindo formula??o ?nica e formula??es independentes empregadas de formaassociadacom diferentes intervalos de tempo. Os testes foram realizados determinando-se a concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima (CIM) por meio do m?todo de microdilui??o em caldo,bemcomo avalia??o do efeito sobre a densidade ?ptica das suspens?es e biofilmes de C. albicans. A estabilidade da mistura de nistatina e clorexidina foi testada por meio de cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (HPLC). A formula??o ?nica nistatina/clorexidina n?o exibiu CIM significativamente diferente dos respectivos f?rmacos empregados isoladamente. As combina??es com intervalos de tempo intermedi?riostiveram CIM significativamente maiordo que o f?rmaco isolado, exceto para a CIM da clorexidina ao intervalo de 10 min. De acordo com esses resultados, a combina??o dos f?rmacos interfere nasrespectivas CIMs, elevando-as, com exce??o da CIM da clorexidina para formula??o ?nica. Comparadas ao uso das drogas isoladas, as combina??es de nistatina e clorexidina exibiram atividade diminu?da nos biofilmes de C.albicans,tendo o intervalo de 30 minutos o maior efeito antif?ngico, ea formula??o ?nica, o menor. A mistura das drogas teve elevadas percentagens de degrada??o em todos os tempos avaliados. Conclus?o: A combina??o de nistatina e clorexidina interfere na efetividadedas drogas e tamb?m eleva as suas taxas de degrada??o.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-02-25T15:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MICHELLE_LARISSA_ZINI_LISE_COMPLETO.pdf: 1810373 bytes, checksum: c65233ed1249f8121029bbece9575307 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T15:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MICHELLE_LARISSA_ZINI_LISE_COMPLETO.pdf: 1810373 bytes, checksum: c65233ed1249f8121029bbece9575307 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction. Psoriasis is a common and clinically polymorphic autoimmune disease. Proinflammatory cytokines are probably involved in genesis and perpetuation of disease. The relationship of cytokines with atherogenesis in patients with psoriasis is an open theme. In this study, we aimed to compare levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT, an atherogenesis predictor) of psoriatics and controls. In parallel, we correlated such variables to each other, and both with disease activity parameters. Methods. The study was cross-sectional, and included patients with psoriasis according to traditional criteria. The cIMT was calculated by an experienced Radiologist. The cytokines IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1? and IL-8 were assayed by flow cytometry. The activity of psoriatic disease was evaluated by the PASI (psoriasis area and severity index) and the BSA (body surface area). Results. Sixty-five psoriatic patients and 64 controls were studied. Mean age of patients (51 years) did not differ from controls (p = 0.454). The vulgaris form was documented in 84.6% of patients. Mild disease (PASI or BSA<10) was observed in more than half of cases. Diabetes mellitus and smoking significantly predominated in cases (p<0.05), while metabolic syndrome (MS) occurred with similar frequency in both groups (p = 0.822). Median of IL-12p70, TNF, IL-1? and IL-10 were significantly lower in cases than in controls (adjusted p<0.05). An altered cIMT (?0.9 mm) was more frequently observed in cases (p=0.039). There was no association of altered cIMT and cytokine concentrations (p> 0.05). IL-12p70 concentrations correlated with BSA and PASI (rs>0.3; p <0.05). The IL-10 concentrations were significantly lower in psoriatic with MS than without MS (p=0.006), finding not observed in controls. Conclusions. The profile of pro-inflammatory (12p70, TNF, IL-1?) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was reduced in our psoriatic population with predominance of mild disease. The cIMT data pointed to subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis. IL-12p70 concentrations correlated with active disease, whereas low concentrations of IL-10 were associated with SM in psoriatics. Further studies should clarify the cytokine-atherogenesis binomial in patients with psoriasis. / Introdu??o. A psor?ase ? uma doen?a autoimune frequente e clinicamente polim?rfica. Citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias est?o provavelmente envolvidas na g?nese e perpetua??o da doen?a. A rela??o destas citocinas com a aterog?nese em pacientes com psor?ase ? tema em aberto. Neste estudo, objetivamos comparar n?veis de citocinas pr? e anti-inflamat?rias e espessura m?dio-intimal de car?tidas (cIMT, m?todo preditor de aterog?nese) em psori?ticos e controles sadios. Em paralelo, correlacionamos as duas vari?veis entre si e ambas com os ?ndices de atividade da doen?a. M?todos. O estudo, transversal controlado, incluiu pacientes com psor?ase de acordo com os crit?rios tradicionais e controles sadios. O cIMT foi calculado por ecografista especializado. As citocinas IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1? e IL-8 foram testadas por citometria de fluxo. A atividade da doen?a psori?tica foi avaliada pelo PASI (psoriasis area and severity index) e pelo BSA (body surface area). Resultados. Foram estudados 65 pacientes psori?ticos e 64 controles. A m?dia de idade dos pacientes (51 anos) n?o diferiu daquela dos controles (p=0,454). A forma vulgar foi documentada em 84,6% % dos pacientes com psor?ase. Doen?a leve (PASI ou BSA<10) foi observada em mais da metade dos casos. Diabetes mellitus e tabagismo predominaram nos casos (p<0,05), enquanto s?ndrome metab?lica (SM) ocorreu com frequ?ncia similar em ambos os grupos (p=0,822). As medianas da IL-12p70, TNF, IL-1? e IL-10 foram significativamente mais baixas nos casos do que em controles (p ajustado <0,05). Um cIMT alterado (?0,9 mm) foi observado mais frequentemente nos casos (p=0,039). N?o houve associa??o entre cIMT alterado e concentra??es de citocinas (p>0,05). As concentra??es de IL-12p70 se correlacionaram com BSA e PASI (rs>0,3; p<0,05). As concentra??es de IL-10 foram significativamente menores em psori?ticos com SM do que sem SM (p=0,006), achado n?o observado nos controles. Conclus?es. O perfil de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias (12p70, TNF, IL-1?) e anti-inflamat?ria (IL-10) foi de regula??o diminu?da nesta popula??o psori?tica com doen?a predominantemente leve. Os dados do cIMT apontaram para aterosclerose subcl?nica em psori?ticos. As concentra??es de IL-12p70 se correlacionaram com doen?a ativa, enquanto baixas concentra??es de IL-10 se associaram ? SM em psori?ticos. Novos estudos dever?o esclarecer o bin?mio citocinas-aterog?nese em pacientes com psor?ase.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448245.pdf: 768304 bytes, checksum: 3f7ba58e4b1868f39e8b1f95ee8c9348 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis affects 1-2% of world population. From 7% to 40% of patients with psoriasis develop arthropathy. Nail psoriasis is present in up to 50% of patients with psoriasis, while more than 80% of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have nail abnormalities. Nail clipping is a recent microscopical method, and its usefulness in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is yet to be defined. OBJECTIVE: To describe the microscopic findings of nail clipping in patients with psoriasis and PsA in comparison to controls. METHODS: Individuals with psoriasis and PsA (with or without onychodystrophy ) and controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional design. All patients were evaluated for NAPSI (Nail Psoriasis Severity Index). The clipping fragments were obtained from the distal nail plate (5 mm-length and 2 mm-width). Fragments were analysed by an expert Dermatopathologist. The chi-square and Fisher tests were used to compare categorical variables, while the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare quantitative variables. Significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Twenty patients with psoriatic arthritis and onychodystrophy (APO), 21 patients with psoriatic arthritis and normal nails (AP), 30 patients with psoriasis and onychodystrophy (PO), 25 patients with psoriasis and normal nails (P) and 22 healthy controls were studied. Mean age did not differ among groups (P=0,06). Females predominated in all groups, except for patients in group PO (P<0.01). The first fingers were the most affected in APO and PO groups. Methotrexate was used in 64.29% of patients with psoriatic arthritis and 16.36% of patients with psoriasis (P<0.01). The subungual width was higher in patients with psoriasis and PsA when compared to controls, even after adjustment for methotrexate intake (P=0.04). All patients had a higher rectified subungueal region compared to controls, even after adjustment (P<0.01). Hypereosinophily of nail plate was a relevant characteristic of control group, as confirmed after adjustment (P=0.02). Neutrophils were higher in PO group compared to the other groups, when evaluated in the adjusted estimate (P=0.04). Serous lakes were significantly more present in all groups compared to controls, a finding confirmed after adjustment (P<0.01). The adjusted estimate revelead more Civatte bodies in APO group than in the others (P<0.01). Blood cells were more frequent in PO group than in the others (P=0.05). More bacteria were seen in all groups of patients compared to controls, even after adjustment (P<0.01) while fungi were more frequent in PO group in the adjusted estimate (P=0.04). Clipping variables did not discriminate PsA from psoriasis, nevertheless (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation of variables of nail clipping with the modified NAPSI (rs<0.20, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Nail clipping clearly distinguished patients with PsA and psoriasis from controls, but not PsA from psoriasis. / INTRODU??O: A psor?ase acomete 1 a 2% da popula??o mundial. De 7% a 40% dos pacientes com psor?ase desenvolvem artropatia. A doen?a ungueal afeta at? 50% dos pacientes com psor?ase e mais de 80% daqueles com artrite psori?tica. O clipping, abordagem histol?gica recente em onicopatias, foi pouco utilizado em pacientes com psor?ase e artrite psori?tica at? o momento. OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados microsc?picos do clipping ungueal em pacientes com psor?ase com e sem onicopatia e artrite psori?tica com e sem onicopatia, comparativamente a controles sadios. METODOLOGIA: Neste estudo, transversal e controlado, foram inclu?dos pacientes com artrite psori?tica, psor?ase (com ou sem onicodistrofia) e controles saud?veis. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados para o NAPSI (Nail Psoriasis Severity Index). Um fragmento da por??o distal da l?mina ungueal com cinco mil?metros de comprimento e dois mil?metros de largura foi obtido para o clipping. Os fragmentos foram preparados, corados e avaliados por uma ?nica dermatopatologista experiente. O teste do qui-quadrado e o teste de Fischer foram utilizados para a compara??o das vari?veis categ?ricas, enquanto o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram empregados na compara??o das vari?veis quantitativas. A correla??o de Spearman foi utilizada para avaliar a correla??o do NAPSI com as vari?veis do clipping. O n?vel de signific?ncia para estes testes foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Vinte pacientes com artrite psori?tica e onicodistrofia (APO), 21 pacientes com artrite psori?tica e unhas normais (AP), 30 pacientes com psor?ase e onicodistrofia (PO), 25 pacientes com psor?ase e unhas normais (P) e 22 controles sadios foram estudados. A m?dia de idade n?o diferiu entre os grupos (P=0,06). O sexo feminino predominou em todos os grupos, com exce??o de pacientes do grupo PO (P<0,01). Os primeiros quirod?ctilos foram os dedos mais acometidos em pacientes dos grupos APO e PO. Metotrexate foi utilizado em 64,29% dos pacientes com artrite psori?tica e em 16,36% dos pacientes com psor?ase (P<0,01). A largura subungueal foi significativamente maior em todos os grupos comparativamente aos controles, mesmo ap?s ajuste para uso de metotrexate (P=0,04). Todos os pacientes tiveram maior retifica??o da regi?o subungueal comparativamente aos controles, mesmo ap?s ajuste (P<0,01). Hipereosinofilia da l?mina ungueal foi caracter?stica relevante do grupo controle, dado confirmado ap?s ajuste (P=0,02). O n?mero de neutr?filos foi maior no grupo PO em rela??o aos outros grupos, quando avaliado na estimativa ajustada (P=0,04). Lagos serosos foram significativamente mais presentes em todos os grupos em rela??o aos controles, achado confirmado ap?s ajuste (P<0,01). A estimativa ajustada revelou mais corp?sculos de Civatte no grupo APO do que nos demais grupos (P<0,01). A presen?a de sangue foi mais freq?ente no grupo PO do que nos outros grupos, de acordo com a estimativa ajustada (P=0,05). Bact?rias foram mais vistas em todos os grupos de pacientes em rela??o aos controles, mesmo ap?s ajuste (P<0,01). Fungos, por sua vez, foram mais freq?entes no grupo PO do que nos outros grupos na estimativa ajustada (P=0,04). Nenhuma das vari?veis do clipping foi diferencial na compara??o de pacientes com psor?ase e artrite psori?tica (P>0,05). N?o houve correla??o significativa entre NAPSI alterado e vari?veis do clipping ungueal (rs<0,20, P>0,05). CONCLUS?O: O clipping ungueal procedido em pacientes com psor?ase e artrite psori?tica evidenciou, para a maioria das vari?veis, achados claramente distintos dos observados em controles. Entretanto, o m?todo n?o exibiu vari?veis que estatisticamente diferenciassem pacientes com artrite psori?tica e psor?ase per si.

L’utilisation massive des antibiotiques contribue à leur accumulation dans les boues des stations d’épurations. L’application directe des boues est parmi les sources de dissémination des antibiotiques et des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques. Le compostage et la méthanisation sont parmi les bioprocédés de traitement des boues qui permettent d’éliminer ou réduire les teneurs de certains antibiotiques. Dans ce travail, une boue primaire de la STEP de Marrakech a été contaminée par trois familles d’antibiotiques (macrolides, tétracyclines, fluoroquinolones) pour conduire 4 essais de compostage à différentes doses (dont un essai témoin) et un essai deméthanisation en mode semi-continu. Les résultats du compostage ont montré que l’augmentation des concentrations d’antibiotiques retarde la dégradation de la matière organique et affecte le ratioC/N. De même, la phase thermophile est perturbée, retardée et réduite dans le temps. Pour la méthanisation, une concentration unique et réaliste a été testée. Dans ces conditions, aucun effet sur la production du biogaz ou sur la dégradation de la matière organique n’a été observé. Afin de suivre la dissipation des trois familles d’antibiotiques utilisées au cours du compostage et de la méthanisation, une approche analytique basée sur l’extraction accélérée par solvant (ASE) suivie par l’application d’une méthode des ajouts dosés avant quantification par chromatographie liquide couplée à de la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (UPLC-MS/MS) a du être mise en point. Le compostage et la méthanisation permettent de réduire significativement les concentrations des molécules parents appartenant à la famille des macrolides et des tétracyclines. Par contre,l’élimination des fluoroquinolones est non-significative et ne dépasse pas 30%. Au cours du compostage, la dissipation des macrolides se fait en phase de stabilisation tandis que la phase de maturation est impliquée dans la dissipation des tétracyclines. Les concentrations encirprofloxacine (fluoroquinolone) semblent légèrement évoluer au cours du procédé probablement en raison d’une adsorption/désorption sur le co-substrat lignocellulosique utilisé. Concernant la méthanisation, l’élimination des macrolides et des tétracyclines est significative durant la stabilisation du procédé mais n’atteinds pas les rendements observés lors du compostage. Ladiminution des concentrations des molécules parents est probablement accompagnée par une biotransformation des antibiotiques sous forme de métabolites qui à ce stade ne sont pas connus.La question de la rémanence de certaines molécules comme les fluoroquinolones, interpelle quand au risque d’antibiorésistance. Ainsi, la valorisation des composts/digestats comme amendements organiques des sols dois à terme conduire à une réflexion concernant la réglementation qui inclus la présence de molécule de la classe des antibiotiques.

Owing to the increasing demand on the telecommunication bandwidth and the advent of the OH--free dry fiber developed by Lucent Technology, a new transmission bandwidth for the fiber optical communication which is centered around 1400 nm has been created in recent years. However, the corresponding light sources, optical amplifiers and other devices needed in the new transmission window are still under development. This thesis is to dissert with respect to the Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber based ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) light sources which emit light with broadband wavelengths from around 1200 nm to 1600 nm. Our previous study showed that side-pumping configuration can achieve a maximum ASE power of 0.65 mW with a pump power of 11 W at 980 nm in wavelength, whereas the end-pumping configuration successfully generated an optimum ASE power of 2.45 mW with a pump power of 11 W using a 1064-nm Yb fiber laser. This thesis reviewed the Cr4+:YAG material and studied on the single and double-pumping configuration of ASE light source, numerical simulations of the L-I curve of both configurations, and of the emission and the gain spectrum of the material, plus the introductions of the experiments needed for the simulations will be reported.

Pulling bulk crystal into fiber is suitable for laser, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and optical amplifier applications in optical communications because of its structural similarity to silica fiber. Moreover, fiber configuration can confine pump light in a small cross-sectional area with a high energy density for a long distance. Among crystal fiber growth techniques, the laser-heated pedestal growth method (LHPG) was adopted. It is crucible free and can therefore produce high-purity, low-defect-density single crystals. However, interface loss of the crystal fiber is one of the main causes of optical loss. In order to reduce the optical loss, a proper method to clad the fiber is important for high device performance. For laser application, high-efficient Nd:YAG lasers were demonstrated using gradient-index crystal fibers. We used controlled profile of the active ion resulted in index difference of 0.0284 between the center and the edge of the fiber to confine the laser beam in the center region and thus reduced the interface loss. A laser output power of 80 mW was achieved with a slope efficiency of 28.9%, which, to our knowledge, is the highest ever achieved for diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG fiber laser. For ASE and optical amplifier applications, Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber was studied due to its fluorescent spectrum just covering the low loss window of silica optical fiber. To reduce the fiber diameter and propagation loss, a novel cladding technique, codrawing LHPG (CDLHPG), was developed. Although fused-silica-clad fiber can be made with a 29-micron-diameter core and a propagation loss of less than 0.1 dB/cm, which is a factor of 7 smaller than that of an unclad fiber, it has almost no Cr4+ fluorescence in the core area due to the entering of SiO2 in YAG. With proper controlled growth parameters of the CDLHPG method, a double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 25 micron was successfully grown. Up to 2.36 mW of ASE with a bandwidth of 265 nm was demonstrated. After splicing the double-clad fiber with conventional single mode fiber, we successfully demonstrated the first transition metal-doped fiber amplifier in the optical fiber communication band. Up to 16-dB of gross gain at 1.47 micron was achieved.

In this thesis, we investigate the single-pumped L-band (1570-1610 nm) amplified spontaneous emission fiber source by employing 1480 nm single pumping configuration. Using the 1480 nm-pumped laser, we chose the adequate fiber length and adjusted the pump power to optimize the characteristics of the ASE source. The characteristics are experimentally examined and compared in terms of the output power, mean wavelength, spectral linewidth, and pumping conversion efficiency in four configurations with single-pass forward (SPF), single-pass backward (SPB), double-pass forward (DPF), and double-pass backward (DPB) structures. Among them, the DPF configuration with low mirror reflectance of 8% is the better one to be an L-band ASE fiber source with output power of 13.8 mW, mean wavelength of 1585.7 nm, spectral linewidth of 40.9 nm and pumping efficiency of 13.8%.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T20:39:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AleidaMariaDaSilvaLima_DISSERT.pdf: 1394996 bytes, checksum: b7dfff2dc66acf246836f373fbcdae6b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-06T23:54:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AleidaMariaDaSilvaLima_DISSERT.pdf: 1394996 bytes, checksum: b7dfff2dc66acf246836f373fbcdae6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T23:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AleidaMariaDaSilvaLima_DISSERT.pdf: 1394996 bytes, checksum: b7dfff2dc66acf246836f373fbcdae6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A candis?ase vulvovaginal (CVV) ? uma doen?a inflamat?ria, no tecido vaginal, causada principalmente por leveduras patog?nicas de Candida albicans. E atualmente CVV ? um problema significativo na sa?de da mulher. As ? glucanas s?o polissacar?deos estruturais da parede celular da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae e existem v?rios relatos que demonstram o efeito imunomodulador desta estrutura em infec??es bacterianas, virais, f?ngicas e parasit?rias. Sabendo disso, o presente estudo avaliou se a ?-glucana tem atividade imunomoduladora em camundongos com candid?ase vulvovaginal sob a influ?ncia do estr?geno. Os animais foram inoculados com C. albicans, por via intravaginal, e tratados com glucana, vaginal e intraperitonealmente, e os animais do grupo de controle receberam por via intraperitoneal, solu??o salina. Os animais tratados com glucana intraperitoneal e vaginal mostraram menor n?mero de UFC, no fluido vaginal, em compara??o com animais controles. No entanto, os resultados mais marcantes foram do intraperitoneal, confirmando com o histopatol?gico, por?m sem diferen?a estatisticamente significante. Em rela??o ao influxo dos neutr?filos polimorfonucleares (PMNs), os grupos tratados com glucana mostraram maior infiltra??o desses. Al?m disso, observou-se que os animais tratados com glucana apresentaram uma maior quantidade de IFN-?, no lavado vaginal, em compara??o com o controle. Os dados sugerem que glucana pode ter uma atividade importante na prote??o contra C. albicans. / Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an inflammatory disease, on vaginal tissue, caused mainly by pathogenic yeasts of Candida albicans. And actually, VVC is currently a significant problem in women's health. The ?-glucans are structural polysaccharides of the cell wall of the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and there are several reports that demonstrate the immunomodulatory effect this structure in infections of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic. Knowing this, the present study evaluated whether ?- glucan has immunomodulatory activity in mice with vulvovaginal candidiasis under the influence of estrogen. The animals were inoculated with C. albicans, intravaginally, and treated with glucan, vaginally and intraperitoneally, and the control group animals received saline, intraperitoneally. The animals treated with intraperitoneal and vaginal glucan showed smaller number of the CFU, in the vaginal fluid, compared with control animals. However the results more marked was of the intraperitonel, confirmed with histopathological, but in neither case the results were statistically significant. Relative to influx of the polymorphonuclear neutrophilis (PMNs), the groups treated with glucan showed greater infiltration. Moreover, it was observed that animals treated with glucan showed a higher quantity of IFN-?, in vaginal washed, compared with the control. The data suggest that glucan may have an important activity in protection against C. albicans.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-14T21:26:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeticiaCasteloBrancoPerobaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 951080 bytes, checksum: 24dc5426845dd7545a3380cad030bd83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-15T21:38:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeticiaCasteloBrancoPerobaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 951080 bytes, checksum: 24dc5426845dd7545a3380cad030bd83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-15T21:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeticiaCasteloBrancoPerobaDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 951080 bytes, checksum: 24dc5426845dd7545a3380cad030bd83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / As algas marinhas vermelhas do g?nero gracilaria sintetizam polissacar?deos sulfatados (PS) bioativos. Por?m muitos destes PS ainda n?o foram devidamente avaliados, como ? caso dos PS sintetizados pela alga comest?vel Gracilaria birdiae. Estudos anteriores mostraram que galactanas sulfatadas dessa alga tem efeito antiinflamatorio. Neste trabalho uma galactana (GB) de G. birdiae foi obtida e avaliada por diferentes testes. GB apresentou atividade anticoagulante no teste de APTT. Gb n?o apresentou toxicidade para c?lulas normais (3T3), mas inibiu a sobreviv?ncia de c?lulas de adenocarcinama de colo de ?tero (HeLa) e human pancreatic carcinoma (Panc-1) em cerca de 80 % (1.5 mg/mL). GB n?o foi capaz de sequestrar o radical OH nem o radical superoxido. Contudo, apresentou atividade doadora de el?trons em dois testes diferentes e apresentou atividade quelante de ferro (70% a 1.0 mg/mL) e de cobre (70% a 0.5 mg/mL). A presen?a de GB promove uma maior forma??o de cristais de oxalato de c?lcio dihidratado de pequeno tamanho, que ? a forma menos agressiva, isso porque GB ? capaz de interagir com o cristal e estabilizar essa forma. Al?m disso, GB (2.0 mg/mL) n?o foi citot?xico para c?lulas renais humanas (HEK-293). Os dados obtidos n?s levam a propor que GB apresenta um grande potencial para o tratamento de urolit?ase. / Red marine algae of the genus Gracilaria synthesize sulfated polysaccharides (PS) bioactive. But many of these PS were not properly assessed, as is the case of PS synthesized by edible seaweed Gracilaria birdiae. Previous studies showed that sulfated galactans this alga has anti-inflammatory effect. In this work, a galactan (GB) of G. birdiae was obtained and evaluated by different tests. GB showed anticoagulant activity in APTT assay. GB showed no toxicity to normal cells (3T3), but inhibited the survival of cells of adenocarcinoma of the cervix (HeLa) and human pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) 80% (1.5 mg / ml). GB was not able to hijack the OH radical or the superoxide radical. However, showed activity electron donor in two different tests and presented iron chelator activity (70% and 1.0 mg / ml) and Copper (70% at 0.5 mg / ml). The presence of a higher GB promotes formation of crystals of calcium oxalate dihydrate small size, which is less aggressive, because GB is able to interact with and stabilize the crystal that form. Furthermore, GB (2.0 mg / mL) was not cytotoxic to human renal cells (HEK-293). The data lead us to propose that GB has a great potential for the treatment of urolithiasis

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T19:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaGiseleCostaPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 3082554 bytes, checksum: 40562613dcff4306f09b892ed0b41dfe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-18T20:28:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaGiseleCostaPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 3082554 bytes, checksum: 40562613dcff4306f09b892ed0b41dfe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-18T20:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaGiseleCostaPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 3082554 bytes, checksum: 40562613dcff4306f09b892ed0b41dfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / A hist?ria da hansen?ase ? marcada por preconceito, exclus?o social, estigma, abandono e medo, por ter sido conhecida durante muito tempo como incur?vel e contagiosa. Al?m dos agravos inerentes ?s altera??es dermatoneurol?gicas e consequentes incapacidades f?sicas, s?o ressaltadas as repercuss?o emocionais, altera??es nos h?bitos cotidianos e mudan?as na configura??o familiar. Atualmente a hansen?ase ? conhecida como doen?a negligenciada, com alta incid?ncia e preval?ncia, considerada como um problema de sa?de alvo de incentivos e mobiliza??es das pol?ticas p?blicas. Ao estudar a hist?ria da hansen?ase, parte-se do pressuposto de que pouco se sabe sobre as repercuss?es da doen?a do passado na vida dos familiares de ex-doentes tratados em regime asilar, assim como a vis?o e os sentimentos dos mesmos familiares diante da hansen?ase na atualidade. Portanto, objetivou-se narrar a hist?ria de familiares de ex-doentes de hansen?ase que foram tratados em hospital col?nia. Os objetivos espec?ficos s?o: Identificar se familiares de pacientes com hansen?ase tratados em hospitais col?nia eram atingidos pelo preconceito, estigma e exclus?o que permeava a vida dos portadores da doen?a; Verificar se o tratamento de ex-doentes de hansen?ase em hospitais col?nia alterou a efetiva??o de la?os familiares tais indiv?duos e os membros de sua fam?lia; Averiguar qual a compreens?o que familiares de ex-doentes de hansen?ase tratados em hospitais col?nia t?m sobre a hansen?ase; Promover, junto aos participantes da pesquisa, atividade de promo??o da sa?de sobre hansen?ase. Adotou-se o estudo explorat?rio e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa com suporte na Hist?ria Oral de Tem?tica como t?cnica e referencial metodol?gico. Os 52 familiares de ex-doentes de lepra que foram segregados no Hospital Col?nia S?o Francisco de Assis, cadastrados no MORHAN-Potiguar, constitu?ram a col?nia. A partir do ponto zero houve o recrutamento dos participantes que compuseram a rede, totalizando 10 colaboradores, de ambos os sexos e idade de 44 a 76 anos. Ap?s aprova??o pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa - UFRN, sob o protocolo 650.654/2014 e CAAE 25922214.3.0000.5537, realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de entrevista, utilizando instrumento de identifica??o da rede e quest?es abertas. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas, conferidas pelos colaboradores e posteriormente transcriadas. Tratou-se as hist?rias, narradas pela t?cnica de An?lise Tem?tica de Conte?do, segundo Bardin, emergindo tr?s eixos tem?ticos: Impacto nas rela??es sociais (Estigma e preconceito; Exclus?o social); Impacto nas rela??es familiares (Desagrega??o familiar; Restri??es para visita; Compartilhamento e constru??o de uma nova fam?lia; Consequ?ncias familiar geradas pelo isolamento; Reconstru??o do v?nculo familiar); e Pensamentos frente a lepra e a hansen?ase (A hist?ria no passado; A hist?ria no presente). O fato de ter um familiar doente de hansen?ase segregado em hospital col?nia gerou empecilhos nas rela??es sociais vivenciadas pelos colaboradores do estudo, que embora n?o tivessem a doen?a, foram vitimados pela exclus?o social, estigma e preconceito. O internamento compuls?rio tamb?m gerou modifica??es na estrutura familiar, com distanciamento, altera??o no v?nculo e tentativa de reestrutura??o familiar. Os colaboradores tamb?m refletiram sobre pol?tica de controle da lepra no passado, assim como a adotada no presente frente ? hansen?ase.