<p>Starting point to this Paper is the idea and wish to adapt the society and its different activities to a recycle society. A building area in Göteborg is planned and investigated for such adaptation. In the district named Skogaberg, about 130 households totally are planned from what 20 are blocks of flats. The idea with this project is to constitute an alternative sewage system, a Blackwater system, were the fractions of most nutrients and least pollution are separated, taken care of and utilised. The aim is to get a market and use the nutrients of the organic waste from the household in agriculture use. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pays attention to water- and sewage systems from a recycle perspective and the aim of a long-termed sustainable development. The agriculture sector has also an intention to protect the environment and the means for sustainability. </p><p>The object of this study is to map and analyse a planned alternative sewage system in Skogaberg from recommended criteria for water and sewage systems. The alternative solution in Skogaberg will be analysed compared to a conventional solution. A specific aim is to estimate the possibilities and limitations of the alternative system when it comes to recycle of nutrients. Phosphorus and cadmium are chosen to describe and indicate the resource utilisation and environmental impact of different nutrient sources. Sanitation and risks with diseases, environmental&resource saving criteria together with technical&socio-economic criteria are intended to constitute a general background for the analysis. Criteria recommended, to concern environmental adapted water and sewage system by the Swedish EPA, is used in order to make an assessment of the planned system and a more viewed assessment and analyse is done from experiences and observations that I have got from literature sources and place studies. The results show good theoretical possibilities to get and recycle nutrients from the system with an alternative solution. With an alternative sewage system in Skogaberg opportunities that the users reflect and care are created. This project may provide us with innovations and ground for further research and development in future project. But it is also important to consider that these projects are established in the system of the society and that these recycle systems are not directly comparable with ecological recycling system in nature.</p>

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama įmonės UAB „Putokšnis“ veikla socialiai atsakingo verslo aspektu. Teorinėje darbo dalyje apžvelgiama socialinės atsakomybės raida, apibrėžimai, pagrindiniai vertinimo kriterijai, nauda ir kaštai. Siekiant įvertinti analizuojamos įmonės veiklą socialiai atsakingo verslo aspektais buvo atliktas empirinis tyrimas, kurio metu buvo naudojami dokumentų analizės, interviu ir anketinės apklausos metodai. Tyrimo metu išsiaiškinta, kad socialiai atsakingas verslas turi keturis parametrus (rinkos, darbo vietos, visuomenės ir aplinkosaugos) pagal kuriuos buvo vertinama UAB „Putokšnis“ veikla. Interviu metodu nustatytos socialiai atsakingo verslo priemonės, kurias taiko įmonė, o apklausos ir dokumentų analizės duomenys patvirtino arba paneigė jau turimą informaciją. Galutiniai tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog analizuojama įmonė, kai kuriais aspektais yra socialiai atsakinga, tačiau vadintis socialiai atsakingu verslu negali, nes nėra parengusi sistemingo ir nuoseklaus plano. / In this bachelor work was analyzed JSC „Putokšnis“ of socially responsible business aspect. In theoretical part is reviewing the evolution of social responsibility, definitions, key evaluation criteria, benefits and costs. In order to evaluate the analyzed company, of socially responsible business aspects, was accomplished empirical study, which was used in documental analysis, interviews and questionnaire survey methods. In study was found out that socially responsible business has four parameters (the market, the workplace, society and environment), whereby was evaluated UAB „Putokšnis“ activity. By Interview method was established socially responsible business measures taken by the company and by questionnair and document analysis confirmed or denied the information which was already available. The final research showed that analysed company, in some aspects is socially responsible, however, they can not be called socially responsible company, because they does not have prepared systemic and sequential plan.

Baigiamajame darbe atliekamas Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklos vertinimas. Vertinamas strateginis planavimas ir komunikacijos įtaka veiklos rezultatams. Ši tema aktuali, nes savivaldybė yra viena svarbiausių viešojo sektoriaus dalių, kurios veikla daro poveikį vietos gyventojams. Darbo problema - ar Druskininkų savivaldybės atstovai pakankamai komunikuoja su vietos gyventojais, ar strateginiai planai rengiami ir įgyvendinami kokybiškai, o jų rezultatai naudą vietos gyventojams? Darbo tikslas - ištirti Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklą strateginio planavimo ir komunikacijos su vietos gyventojais aspektu ir įvertinti pasiektus rezultatus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) Pateikti veiklos vertinimo teorinius aspektus. 2)Sudaryti Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklos vertinimo modelį. 3) Išanalizuoti Druskininkų savivaldybės strateginius dokumentus. 4) Ištirti vietos gyventojų nuomonę. 5)Įvertinti Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklą, pateikti išvadas bei siūlymus. Tyrimo metodai - anketinė apklausa; dokumentų analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad Druskininkų savivaldybė veiklą planuoja ir įgyvendina sėkmingai. Dauguma vietos gyventojų veiklą vertina gerai, tačiau mano, kad savivaldybės atstovai nepakankamai bendrauja ir neišsiaiškina jų poreikių. Remiantis gautais tyrimų rezultatais suformuluojamos išvados, kuriose teigiama, kad veiklos vertinimas padėjo atskleisti, kad strateginis planavimas padeda spręsti aktualias vietos gyventojų problemas, o siekiant tinkamai jas nustatyti būtina tobulinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the course of the Final Paper the evaluation of Druskininkai Municipality is carried out. Strategic planning and the influence of communication on the results of activity is evaluated. This topic is actual as municipality is one of the most important parts of public sector, and its activities directly influence local inhabitants. The problem of the Paper is to determine whether the members of Druskininkai Municipality communicate enough with local people and if strategic plans are prepared and implemented qualitatively, thus giving benefit to local people. The aim of the Paper – to survey the activity of Druskininkai Municipality in the aspect of strategic planning and communication with local people and to evaluate the acquired results. The objectives of the Paper: 1) To present the theoretical aspects of activity evaluation. 2) To structure the model of Druskininkai Municipality activity evaluation. 3) To analyse the strategic documents of Druskininkai Municipality. 4) To survey the opinion of local people. 5) To evaluate the activities of Druskininkai Municipality, present conclusions and suggestions. The methods of the survey: questionnaires and the analysis of documents. The results of the survey showed that Druskininkai Municipality plans and implements its activities successfully. The majority of local inhabitants positively evaluate its activities, but think that the members of the municipality insufficiently communicate with them and do not ascertain their needs... [to full text]

Submitted by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2014-06-03T20:04:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 140412_FOppenheimer_FGV (2).pdf: 1514431 bytes, checksum: 9e46a23ba86b2d8ad56245733fe723ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2014-06-03T20:04:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 140412_FOppenheimer_FGV (2).pdf: 1514431 bytes, checksum: 9e46a23ba86b2d8ad56245733fe723ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T11:19:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 140412_FOppenheimer_FGV (2).pdf: 1514431 bytes, checksum: 9e46a23ba86b2d8ad56245733fe723ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / The paper analyses how Impact Investors select their portfolio companies in Latin America and what criteria are assessed in the process. Since virtually no research on this has been conducted to date, and since the selection process model applied in Venture Capital is not dissimilar, that approach has been adopted. The findings reveal that Impact Investors originate and assess deals in a similar way to Venture Capitalists, but that some criteria are adjusted and others added in order to reflect the dual objective of Impact Investing. Impact Investors can originate deals passively, but they prefer searching for social ventures proactively: personal contacts, access to networks and industry events are crucial in this context. Impact Investors considering an investment in Latin America search for integer, honest and reliable social entrepreneurs committed to social impact; eligible social ventures must be profitable with potential for further scalability; the product must have a social impact, i.e. create value for the individual consumer and for the wider community; market size and market growth are crucial external factors; and the deal features depend on the investor’s risk attitude and the prospects of a successful exit in both financial and social terms. Impact Investors are also willing to provide non-financial support prior to an investment, if a social venture shows high potential for achieving their dual objective. / O documento analisa como investidores de impacto selecionar suas companhias de portfólio na América Latina e que critérios são avaliados no processo. Uma vez que praticamente ne-nhuma pesquisa sobre isso foi con conduzidos até à data, e desde que o modelo de processo de seleção aplicados em capital de risco não é dissemelhantes, foi adotado essa abordagem. Os resultados revelam que os investidores de impacto originar e avaliar negócios de uma for-ma semelhante a capitalistas de risco , mas que alguns critérios são ajustados e outros adicio-nados a fim de refletir o duplo objectivo de investimento de impacto. Os investidores de im-pacto podem originar ofertas passivamente, mas eles preferem procurar empreendimentos sociais de forma proativa: contatos pessoais, o acesso a redes e eventos do setor são cruciais neste contexto. Impacto Investidores considerando um investimento em pesquisa para a Amé-rica Latina inteira, empreendedores sociais honestos e confiáveis comprometidos com impacto social; empreendimentos sociais elegíveis devem ser rentáveis com potencial de escalabilidade; o produto deve ter um impacto social, ou seja, criar valor para o consumidor individual e para a comunidade em geral; tamanho do mercado e crescimento do mercado são fatores externos cruciais; e as características de negócio dependem de atitude de risco do investidor e as perspectivas de uma saída bem sucedida, tanto em termos financeiros e sociais. Os investi-dores de impacto também estão dispostos a dar apoio não financeiro antes de um investimen-to, se um empreendimento social, mostra alto potencial para atingir o seu objectivo dual.

Title: The Positive Impact of the State School Leaving Exam on ELT Methodology. The Influence of Testing Writing on Teaching English at Czech Secondary Schools. Author: Eva Píšová Department: Department of English language and ELT Methodology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Lucie Betáková, MA, Ph.D. Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of testing writing in the context of the state school-leaving exam in English language. The research assesses the impact of clearly specified standards on teaching English to Czech secondary school students, and thus focuses on the field which no systematic investigation has dealt with. The research concentrates on specific subskills assessed within distinctive criteria, analyses the relationships between them and estimates their complexity regarding both student success and teaching challenges. Three major research strategies were used: (1) a quantitative analysis of the large-scale data, (2) a small-scale pedagogical experiment and (3) a survey. To examine the relationship between various subskills of language ability we analysed test score data from the school- leaving exams in the years 2014-2017. Data from secondary vocational schools students were mainly used, as the level of these students' language skills should correspond the most...

This study deals with the topic of restaurant sustainability in Czech context. The aim of the research was to set criteria for a Czech sustainable restaurant and also to reveal main barriers and opportunities for sustainable operation of a restaurant. The sustainable restaurant criteria were based on an analysis and comparison of four foreign methods of sustainability assessment in the sector of food services (FOODSCALE, Sustainable Restaurant Association, Green Restaurant Association and the Green Seal's GS-55 Standard), one Czech concept of restaurant sustainability, an analysis of good practices in fifteen foreign "sustainable restaurants" and an analysis of interviews with four Czech experts in the field of sustainable development and gastronomy. Based on this data the final Sustainable Restaurant Criteria were established, comprised of 102 criteria, classified into 5 main categories and 26 subcategories. The criteria were then described in detail, in view of the Czech context. The barriers and opportunities for the operation of Czech sustainable restaurant, defined by the above mentioned criteria, were identified from interviews realised with eight restaurateurs, who are already meeting some of the criteria, and therefore are one of the most progressive in Czech Republic in this field. From...

This report was made as a part of ongoing work to improve the water management of the research area since the Water framework directive (2000/60/EG) states that all water bodies within the EU has to reach good-quality or better by 2027 at the latest. This report investigated the overall changes in classification of coastal waters in the Skagerrak and Kattegat water district in Sweden over management cycles. The aim was to identify quality elements of interest for further investigation and their trends of development. The study also assessed the impact of changes in the assessment criteria and if this has influenced the comparability between management cycles. The changes in overall Ecological status from cycle 1 to cycle 2 were small with only 6% of the water bodies improving their status with one class while 84% remained unchanged. However, from cycle 2 to cycle 3 the changes showed a more positive trend with 31% of the water bodies having an improvement by one class or more and 63% remaining unchanged. The changes in individual quality elements were not as clear and multiple suggestions for further studies to identify more reliable trends are made. This study indicates that the changes in assessment criteria has influenced the classifications investigated and further studies are needed. Development of a method to overcome these changes in assessment criteria are of great importance to be able to successfully compare the status of waterbodies between management cycles.

Sustainable development is described by the World Commission on Environment and Development as ―development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs‖. Sustainability assessments are an integrative process and framework for effective integration of social, economic and ecological considerations in significant decision-making processes. Sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation such as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998), as well as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations. Despite the existence of such legislation, the challenge lies in the effective implementation of the EIA process, which has been identified as a useful tool in striving towards achieving sustainable development. This research uses Gibson‘s eight sustainability principles and Gaudreau and Gibson‘s sub-criteria to develop a case specific set of sustainability criteria for coal fired power stations in South Africa. The energy generation sector is a major source of social and environmental impacts. Coal power stations contribute to environmental degradation such as reduced air, water and land quality. This industrial process impacts on the environment and therefore needs to strive towards sustainable development by considering these criteria during the EIA process. The set of case specific sustainability criteria for power stations was then used to evaluate the EIA developed for Medupi Power Station in South Africa in order to assess, the extent to which sustainability was considered in the EIA process. The key finding is that sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation hence no change in legislation is required. Despite the existence of legislation, the challenge lies in the fact that is it not always effectively implemented. The EIA process is seen as a tool that can effectively deliver sustainability outcomes. However this process is not effectively utilised. In order for the EIA to consider sustainability the focus needs to be on the following criteria: Intragenerational Equity; Precaution and Adaptation for Resilience; as well as Immediate and Long term Integration, as these were recognised as weaknesses after the evaluation process. The recommendation is also to develop a set of case specific sustainability criteria for other large industries that have significant environmental impacts. / MSc (Environmental Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Sustainable development is described by the World Commission on Environment and Development as ―development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs‖. Sustainability assessments are an integrative process and framework for effective integration of social, economic and ecological considerations in significant decision-making processes. Sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation such as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998), as well as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations. Despite the existence of such legislation, the challenge lies in the effective implementation of the EIA process, which has been identified as a useful tool in striving towards achieving sustainable development. This research uses Gibson‘s eight sustainability principles and Gaudreau and Gibson‘s sub-criteria to develop a case specific set of sustainability criteria for coal fired power stations in South Africa. The energy generation sector is a major source of social and environmental impacts. Coal power stations contribute to environmental degradation such as reduced air, water and land quality. This industrial process impacts on the environment and therefore needs to strive towards sustainable development by considering these criteria during the EIA process. The set of case specific sustainability criteria for power stations was then used to evaluate the EIA developed for Medupi Power Station in South Africa in order to assess, the extent to which sustainability was considered in the EIA process. The key finding is that sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation hence no change in legislation is required. Despite the existence of legislation, the challenge lies in the fact that is it not always effectively implemented. The EIA process is seen as a tool that can effectively deliver sustainability outcomes. However this process is not effectively utilised. In order for the EIA to consider sustainability the focus needs to be on the following criteria: Intragenerational Equity; Precaution and Adaptation for Resilience; as well as Immediate and Long term Integration, as these were recognised as weaknesses after the evaluation process. The recommendation is also to develop a set of case specific sustainability criteria for other large industries that have significant environmental impacts. / MSc (Environmental Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Deep slurry injection is a process of solid waste disposal that involves grinding the solid waste to a relatively fine-grained consistency, mixing the ground waste with water and/or other liquids to form slurry, and disposing of the slurry by pumping it down a well at a high enough pressure that fractures are created within the target formation. This thesis describes the site assessment criteria involved in selecting a suitable target reservoir for deep slurry injection. The main goals of this study are the follows: <ul> <li>Identify the geological parameters important for a prospective injection site</li> <li>Recognize the role of each parameter</li> <li>Determine the relationships among different parameters</li> <li>Design and develop a model which can assemble all the parameters into a semi-quantitative evaluation process that could allow site ranking and elimination of sites that are not suitable</li> <li>Evaluate the model against several real slurry injection cases and several prospective cases where slurry injection may take place in future</li> </ul> The quantitative and qualitative parameters that are recognized as important for making a decision regarding a target reservoir for deep slurry injection operations are permeability, porosity, depth, areal extent, thickness, mechanical strength, and compressibility of a reservoir; thickness and flow properties of the cap rock; geographical distance between an injection well and a waste source or collection centre; and, regional and detailed structural and tectonic setup of an area. Additional factors affecting the security level of a site include the details of the lithostratigraphic column overlying the target reservoir and the presence of overlying fracture blunting horizons. Each parameter is discussed in detail to determine its role in site assessment and also its relationship with other parameters. A geological assessment model is developed and is divided into two components; a decision tree and a numerical calculation system. The decision tree deals with the most critical parameters, those that render a site unsuitable or suitable, but of unspecified quality. The numerical calculation gives a score to a prospective injection site based on the rank numbers and weighting factors for the various parameters. The score for a particular site shows its favourability for the injection operation, and allows a direct comparison with other available sites. Three categories have been defined for this purpose, i. e. average, below average, and above average. A score range of 85 to 99 of 125 places a site in the ?average? category; a site will be unsuitable for injection if it belongs to the ?below average? category, i. e. if the total score is less than 85, and the best sites will generally have scores that are in the ?above average? category, with a score of 100 or higher. One may assume that for sites that fall in the ?average? category there will have to be more detailed tests and assessments. The geological assessment model is evaluated using original geological data from North America and Indonesia for sites that already have undergone deep slurry injection operations and also for some possible prospective sites. The results obtained from the model are satisfactory as they are in agreement with the empirical observations. Areas for future work consist of the writing of a computer program for the geological model, and further evaluation of the model using original data from more areas representing more diverse geology from around the world.