The increasing number of delay and loss critical services in packet networks require differentiated packet handling in the forwarding plane. Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees can be given for networks using resource reservation and admission control. However, such strategies require complex control plane extensions and might lead to higher operation expenditures. Network operators therefore often use over-provisioning and traffic differentiation to offer cheaper class of service quality in their internet protocol (IP) packet networks. Priority marking and forwarding of packetized data traffic can be realized mainly using different layer two and three mechanisms. The number of differentiated classes and their autonomous system (AS) internal implementation is at the operator’s choice. This paper proposes a concept of cross-domain and cross-layer priority signaling between packet switched networks to be used at the inter-AS peering points. It makes use of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) as the predominantly used routing protocol for AS peering communication. A new BGP-4 path attribute is used to convey the structured priority information. The new concept ensures that all receiving AS peers are consistently and comprehensively informed about the QoS handling within the IP prefix originating AS. Based on this information, all ASes can perform close QoS treatment approximation in a cross-domain and cross-layer manner. The approach is now work in progress at the IETF.

We live in a world constructed by predeterminations, divided by gender. It’s a masquerade that we’re all taking part in, men by their gaze and women by embodying it. I’ve investigated spaces where feminine attributes are interconnected to a female body, and aspects that shape the misleading mask. In my research I discovered that there are three areas where a woman and female attributes are merged: In media where the stereotype image of a woman is confirmed in glossy magazines and in reality shows. In the bathroom, a room that represents the starting point of the masquerade. And last in typical feminine rooms, beauty salons, where make-up and nail polish is applied to female bodies. By researching spaces I discovered that bodies are shaped by the exclusion of the other sex and by gender specific norms. Out from my own bodily perception I have investigated the feminine surface in the borderland between corpus and jewellery. In my process I shifted the perspective by creating wearable pieces that illustrate the undressing of femininity and by dressing traditionally masculine corpus in feminine materials. All together the objects make up a burlesque staging of a feminine scenography. It’s first when an object loses its initial function that we can create new reference points. It’s when lipstick is casted in the shape of soap and when a high heel is separated from the shoe that they become disconnected from the female body. / <p>The full thesis contains copyrighted material which has been removed in the published version.</p>

This essay is called In the head of Garibaldi – a study about the portrayal of Garibaldi in biographies and focuses on the literary portrayal of Garibaldi in biographies published in the early 20th century and the early 21st century. The purpose of the essay is to describe the possible changes in the way of portraying Garibaldi in biographies and compare the portraying to the portrayal of Garibaldi that Garibaldi himself gives in the American translation of his memoirs, which were published in New York 1859.I have in this study used a constructivist approach with focus on the attributes, ideals and roles of Garibaldi. Research and thoughts from a wide field of science has been used, for example the works on nationalism by Elie Kedourie and Ernest Gellner. The thoughts on biographies as a scientific genre as described in the anthologies Att skriva människan (Ambjörnsson, Ringby &amp; Åkerman red.) and Med livet som insats (Rosengren &amp; Östling red.) has also been of the utmost importance of the study.The results of the study shows that there has been changes in the way of portraying Garibaldi in biographies, as showed in the more unbiased portrayals in the newer biographies. A larger focus on criticism of the sources is also apparent in the newer biographies. In a comparison between the biographies and Garibaldi‟s memoirs it stands clear that the memoirs and the biographies portrays and depicts the myth of Garibaldi, with more or less focus on fiction.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T16:42:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Portela Wanderley de Medeiros.pdf: 1157125 bytes, checksum: d977c8f69c20ea3ce5e80189872e0484 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T16:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Portela Wanderley de Medeiros.pdf: 1157125 bytes, checksum: d977c8f69c20ea3ce5e80189872e0484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-16 / The Center of Endemism Pernambuco is particularly important biogeographical and shelter the Atlantic Forest to the north of San Francisco River ocated between Alagoas and Rio Grande do Norte States. A ecosystem adjacent to the Atlantic forest sensu lato is the restinga vegetation. The sou these formations are composed predominantly for sandy sediments, classified as marine quartz sand. Some studies show that there is a natural variation in diversity, richness, ecological attributes and composition of woody species in structural gradients. However the restinga were not provided with researches. Therefore it is evident the need for such studies in a highly fragile ecosystem by human action. This study aims to characterize the structural parameters and biological attributes of the woody species of restinga of Center of Endemism Pernambuco. The study was conducted in the areas of restinga located north of the Rio San Francisco River, between parallels 5°OO’OO “and l0°30’OO” S and meridians 34°50’OO” and 37°12’OO” W (of Alagoas to Rio Grande do Norte States). The first part of the study was associated with the compilation of existing structural data, in addition to field surveys, for a joint analysis of the structure of these areas, analyzing the factors determining the similarities or differences between structural parameters, and an evaluation of correlations between these ecosystems and abiotic gradients. The results show that the structure of restinga studied seems not be influenced by abiotic gradients. However, the difference between some parameters, which influence the structure of the areas, may be related to the degree of anthropic action of restinga. The second part holds a database related to reproductive strategies of the woody species studied with a view to understand the factors that maintain vegetal diversity at area. These data are compared with other ecosystems, with the intention of promoting in the future an adjustment of management practices and conservation in the restinga. Inconspicuous fl.owers that offer nectar as a resource, open, pollinated by bees, hermaphrodite, with fleshy fruits, medium size and biotic dispersal syndromes are the characteristics of the biological attributes that fit the majority of species of restinga of Center of Endemism Pernambuco. In the results of the second part, note that the biological attributes appear to be similar to other tropical forests, with few changes, according to physiognomic and abiotic differences these ecosystems. This information may be used to guide future work in the study area because research with this type of approach could provide key data on the structure and functioning of the restinga. / O Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco é de especial importância biogeográfica e abriga a Floresta Atlântica ao norte do São Francisco, que corresponde a todas, as porções desta floresta situadas entre Alagoas e Rio Grande do Norte. Dentre essas florestas, inserida como um ecossistema adjacente à Floresta Atlântica sensu lato, encontram-se as restingas. Essas formações são constituídas por areias quartzosas marinhas. Alguns estudos demonstram que existe uma variação natural na diversidade, riqueza, atributos ecológicos e composição de espécies lenhosas, em gradientes estruturais, dentro de um ecossistema. Porém, as restingas não foram contempladas com pesquisas com esse tipo de enfoque. Portanto, é notória a necessidade desses estudos em um ecossistema fragilizado pela ação antrópica. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo principal caracterizar os parâmetros estruturais e os atributos biológicos das espécies lenhosas das restingas do Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco. O estudo foi desenvolvido nas áreas de restinga situadas ao norte do Rio São Francisco, entre os paralelos 5°00’00” e 10°30’00” sul e meridianos 34°50’00” e 37°1200” oeste (de Alagoas ao Rio Grande do Norte). A primeira parte do estudo foi associada à compilação de dados estruturais preexistentes, somados a levantamentos realizados em campo, para uma análise conjunta da estrutura dessas áreas, analisar os fatores determinantes das similaridades ou diferenças entre parâmetros estruturais, juntamente com uma avaliação das correlações existentes entre esses ecossistemas e gradientes abióticos. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura das restingas parece não estar sendo influenciadas por gradientes abióticos. No entanto, a diferença entre alguns parâmetros, o que influencia na estrutura entre as áreas pode estar relacionada com o grau de antropização das Restingas. A segunda parte organiza um banco de dados referente a suas estratégias reprodutivas com a perspectiva de compreender os fatores mantenedores da diversidade vegetal nas áreas. Estes dados são comparados com os de outros ecossistemas, com a intenção de promover, futuramente, uma adequação das práticas de manejo e conservação nas restingas. Flores inconspícuas, oferecendo néctar como recurso, abertas, polinizadas por abelhas, hermafroditas, com frutos carnosos, de tamanho médio e síndromes de dispersão biótica, são as características dos atributos biológicos em que se enquadra a maioria das espécies das restingas do Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco. Como resultados da segunda parte, nota-se que os atributos biológicos parecem ser similares a outras florestas tropicais, com algumas poucas variações, de acordo com diferenças fisionômicas e abióticas desses ecossistemas. Estas informações poderão ser utilizadas para nortear futuros trabalhos na área de estudo pois, pesquisas com esse tipo de enfoque, poderão fornecer dados primordiais sobre a estrutura e o funcionamento das restingas.

Många av dagens datorspel innehåller omgivningar designade med utopisk eller dystopisk karaktär. Det är en 3D-grafikers jobb att skapa grafikobjekt till dessa miljöer och det är därför viktigt att definiera vad de båda begreppen innebär rent grafiskt samt hur utopiska och dystopiska grafiska attribut påverkar en miljös utseende när de appliceras på en verklig förlaga. Det här examensarbetets syfte var att ringa in och sedan använda dessa utopiska och dystopiska grafiska attribut, för att därefter undersöka hur betraktarna uppfattar förändringen som sker i en miljö. Först gjordes en genrestudie om begreppen utopi och dystopi, dess uppkomst och användningsområden. Därefter skapades två 3D-miljöer modifierade av utopiska och dystopiska attribut baserade på en verklig förlaga, stadsdelen Shibuya i Tokyo. Slutligen undersöktes hur dessa modifierade miljöer uppfattas av en grupp människor, satt i förhållande till den verkliga förlagans utseende, genom en kvantitativ enkätstudie. / Det gick fint, lite tomt i salen bara.

Det här arbetet innefattar html 5 i avseendet beträffande användning av dess nya taggar/attribut redan nu, även fastän år som 2022 eller 2014 har nämnts av vissa när det gäller utvecklingsspråkets färdigställande. Intresset bakom arbetet uppstod baserat på några olika saker. Först och främst vid studerandet inom kursen "Webbteknisk Introduktion" (som läses i samband med Webbprogrammerare-programmets första år (hösten 2009), hos Linnéuniversitet) där användning av nya taggar, och påståenden avseende att språket redan då kunde börja användas, samt även utvecklingsspråkets namn (eftersom innefattningen av språket består av mycket mer än taggar/attribut) bidrog. Av de nytillkomna taggarna/attributen, har automatiska tester (via Javascript) gentemot de senaste versionerna av webbläsarna (Maj 2011 samt Augusti 2011) bestående av Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Apples Safari och Google Chrome genomförts. Operativsystemen webbläsarna körts under består av Mac OS X Server 10.6.7 och Windows 7 Professional (x86). Avseende resultatet visar det att webbläsarna överlag har omkring 80 till 90 % stöd för de nytillkommna taggarna, även fastän alla nya attribut stöds olika i webbläsarna. Slutsatsen av testerna visar därmed att det blir en övervägning i avseendet beträffande vad som kan/bör/skall brukas. / This essay is about html 5 and its tags/attributes can be used right now, even if years like 2022 or 2014 has been talked about for dates when the new language can be completely done. The interest behind the essay arose when I’ve studied in a computer course named “Webbteknisk Introduktion” at the Linnaeus University the autumn of 2009, inside the program: “Webbprogrammerare-programmet”. The course was mainly about html, but at one point we’ve also got to have our hands on the new thing – html 5. It was said at the same point in the course, that html 5 was more or less ready to use. Which caught my interest and wanted to get evidence about it. New tags/attributes have in this work been tested with JavaScript towards the latest web browsers (as of May 2011 and August 2011) consisting of: Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari and Google Chrome. On top of Mac OS X Server 10.6.7 and Windows 7 Professional (x86). According to the final results, it shows that the tested browsers had about 80 to 90 percent support for the new tags, even if the attributes may vary. The final conclusion about the completed tests would then be that it’s more or less a choice of the things in the language he/she wants, or need to use, and so on.

Syftet med undersökningen är att få ökad kunskap om nio andraspråkselevers grammatiska kompetens i användningen av adjektivkongruens i attributiv och predikativ ställning samt spetsställning.  Eleverna läser på nivåerna B, C och D inom svensk undervisning för invandrare på vuxenutbildningen (SFI), och dessa elever har gemensamma lektioner ibland. Syftet är också att jämföra dessa gruppers grammatiska kompetens utifrån processbarhetsteorin, som är en vedertagen teori över andraspråksinlärning. Processbarhetsteorin säger i stora drag att svenska lärs in i fem bestämda grammatiska steg vilka kommer i en bestämd ordning, och att dessa steg inte kan hoppas över. Det undersökta materialet har skrivits av informanterna utifrån en bildserie på åtta bilder, som har analyserats i en slags performansanalys som baseras på processbarhetsteorin.      Resultatet visar att det finns stora skillnader mellan grupperna inom de undersökta strukturerna, och resultatet pekar också mot att det finns stora skillnader inom grupperna. Den grupp som läser på C-nivå är den grupp som har kommit längst i användningen av alla de grammatiska strukturerna.  Den grupp som läser på B- nivå är den grupp som har lägst resultat.

Notre étude a commencé par une brève présentation de la langue persane et des parties du discours suivi par la démonstration de l'adjectif persan dans la grammaire contemporaine, notion floue dans les études antérieures. Étant donné que l'adjectif persan n'a pas de marquage flexionnel, cette étude exploratoire a pour but d’identifier des critères pertinents pour distinguer la catégorie adjectivale des autres catégories existantes (notamment nominale et verbale). Le résultat de ce travail nous a conduits à une étude morphosyntaxique et sémantique nous permettant de conclure au fait que l'adjectif persan est une sous-catégorie de la catégorie nominale. / Our study begins with a brief presentation of the Persian language and the parts of speech followed by the demonstration of the Persian adjective in the contemporary grammar and to look for this vague notion in the previous studies. Given that the Persian adjective has no inflected marking, this search aims to identifying distinctive criteria to distinguish the adjectival category from the other existing categories (in particular nominal and verbal). The results of this work conduct us towards a morphosyntactic and semantic study which allowing us to conclude that the Persian adjective is a subcategory of the nominal category.

Pourquoi la gestion des risques est-elle si peu appliquée aux projets de construction ? Est-ce dû aux acteurs qui ne sont pas capables d’incorporer des nouveaux méthodes ou sont les méthodes qui ne sont pas du tout adaptées aux spécificités de la construction ? L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de proposer une méthode d’analyse de risques qui soit adapté au contexte de la construction, notamment pour les entreprises qui sont responsable pour les travaux du projet de construction. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la recherche a été partagé en deux parties : une première partie contenant les quatre premiers chapitres qui présente le contexte, l'organisation, les acteurs, les phases des projets de la construction à partir d’une recherche bibliographique et de la présentation des deux cas. qui ont connu des accidents graves. La deuxième partie est composée par les quatre derniers chapitres qui approchent les méthodes existantes et proposent une méthode développée à partir de la théorie d’utilité multi-attributs. Cette méthode dynamique et évolutive est proposée de façon que les perspectives des différents niveaux de décision au sein de la même entreprise responsable pour les travaux dans la phase d’exécution du projet de construction soit prise en compte face à la gestion des risques du projet cette manière d’améliorer la performance des projets, en réduisant des accidents, des retards et conséquemment les surcoûts et qui prend en compte la perspective. / Why is risk management so little applied to construction projects? Is it due to actors who are not able to incorporate new methods or methods that are not applicable at all to the specificities of construction? The main objective of this research is to propose a method of risk analysis that is adapted to the context of construction, especially for companies that areresponsible for the work of the construction project. To achieve this objective, the research was divided into two parts: a first part containing the first four chapters which presents thecontext, the organization, the actors, the phases of the construction projects based on a bibliographic search and the presentation of the two cases. who have experienced seriousaccidentsThe second part is composed by the last four chapters which approach the existing methods and propose a method developed from the theory of utility multi attributes. This dynamic and evolutive method is proposed in such a way that the perspectives of the different levels ofdecision within the same company responsible for the works in the execution phase of the construction project are taken into account in the face of the risk management of the project, to improve the performance of projects, by reducing accidents, delays and consequently extracosts, and taking into account the perspective.

A large generation shift is coming, where the precious generation, so called “Baby Boomers” which are born between 1946 and 1964 will be replaced in the labor market by the new generation, also known as “Generation Y” which refers to individuals born between 1980 and 1999. This generation shift has brought about that the public sector as an employer faces a challenging recruitment need, where new potential employees need to be recruited to replace the previous generation (Baby Boomers). One problem with this fact is that the previous generation (Baby Boomers), and the “Generation Y” may differ considerably in terms of conditions, expectations, needs and goals that may be associated with a potential workplace. This has brought about that the potential employers in the public sector must appear as attractive employers in order to fulfill the recruitment needs of potential future employees that will arise and be attracted to the public sectors activities. There are different ways for an employer to achieve this, for instance by potential employers appropriately utilizing their (employer brand) which can work to attract potential employees in the future. In this report, that is based on a qualitative study in which 10 individuals (belonging to Generation Y) with ongoing/completed university education were interviewed regarding their perspective of the public sector as a potential employer. The respondents have an educational background with the main areas HR and logistics, where these are distributed among 5 within HR and 5 in logistics. The purpose has been to capture individuals (within Generation Y) views of the public sector and to understand their experiences/aspects on the public sector as a future employer.