Bakgrund: Våld mot kvinnor är ett globalt hälsoproblem, 35% av samtliga kvinnor i världen har någon gång blivit utsatta för våld. Sjuksköterskans ansvar syftar till att identifiera behov och erbjuda god omvårdnad till kvinnan utsatt för våld utifrån rådande situation. En bristande sjukvård leder till sjuksköterskor som tvivlar på sin förmåga och patienter som känner sig otrygga till att avslöja våldet. Identifieras inte kvinnans utsatthet föreligger det en risk att hon kvarblir i en osund relation och i värsta fall dör till följd av våldet. Syfte: Att beskriva hindrande och möjliggörande faktorer för att identifiera kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie utifrån tio artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Identifierade utmaningar var vårdpersonalens bristande kunskap, känslor och attityder samt organisatoriska brister. Vikten av identifiering och den betydelsefulla vårdrelationen identifierades som möjligheter till upptäckten av kvinnor utsatta för våld. Både utmaningar och möjligheter hade anknytningar till sjuksköterskans kunskap, attityd, identifiering, bemötande och ansvar. Slutsats: Slutsatsen tyder på att bristfällig kunskap, organisatoriska brister såväl som känslor och attityder hos vårdpersonal står till grund för en del svårigheter såsom att inte veta hur de ska förhålla sig, inte veta var de ska vända sig och obehagskänslor. Bättre identifieringsstrategier och en betydelsefull vårdrelation visade påverka sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt till det bättre vilket kunde leda till fler avslöjanden från kvinnor. / Background: Violence against women is a global health problem, of which 35% of all women in the world sometime during their lifetime has experienced. The nurse has a significant part in the encounter with women exposed to violence due to the nurses responsability of identification and providing of a tailor-made nursing. An inadequate healthcare leads to nurses who discredit themselves and patients who feel unsafe to disclose the violence. If the nurse doesn’t identify battered women there is a risk that she stays in the abusing relationship and in worst case, dies. Aim: Was to describe obstructive and enabling factors for identifying women who were exposed to domestic violence. Method: A litterature study was applied based on ten articles that were of both quantitative and qualitative approach. Results: Identified challenges were the lack of knowledge, feelings and attitudes of healthcare professionals and organizational deficiencies. The importance of identification and the important care relationship were identified as opportunities for the discovery of women subjected to violence. Both challenges and opportunities had links to the nurse's knowledge, attitude, identification, treatment and responsibility. Conclusion: The conclusion suggests that insufficient knowledge is the basis for both organizational deficiencies but also feelings and attitudes among healthcare personnel, this was also the area that was most in need of development. Better identification strategies and a meaningful relationship to the patients turned out having positive effects on nurses approach, which could lead to more disclosures from women.

Dr. Lenore Walker developed battered woman syndrome to address the issue of domestic violence and to give battered women a defense in situations in which they kill their abusive partners when they are not overtly threatening them. Self-defense law is based on male on male combat. Women are less able to protect themselves in an attack by a man, and so they may preemptively attack their sleeping partners to avoid a situation in which they cannot adequately protect themselves. Battered woman syndrome explains why these battered women act in a way that is irrational to a non-battered person. Walker's theory of learned helplessness explains why the woman does not leave the abusive relationship, and the cycle of violence theory explains why she perceives an imminent threat. Battered woman syndrome is problematic in its legal application because of problems with its scientific validity and reliability. It also furthers gender stereotypes and blurs the line between a justification and an excuse defense. While, Dr. Walker's intentions were good, battered woman syndrome is inadequate. Women's difference from men still have to be acknowledged in cases in which battered women kill their husband's, but social agency framework is a more effective way to acknowledge gender differences. This framework takes into account social circumstances that would explain a woman's actions rather than including pathology. This would explain why the woman did not leave an abusive relationship. To avoid the pathology of BWS while explaining why the woman felt an imminent threat, the defense can turn to a pattern of abuse that helps her reasonably recognize when violence is likely.

Bakgrund: Våld mot kvinnor är ett känt socialt problem världen över och har under 2000-talet ökat med 30 procent. År 2007 anmäldes i Sverige ca 27 000 brott rubricerade som misshandel mot kvinnor och drygt 2/3 av dessa brott utfördes av en bekant gärningsman. Sjuksköterskan har en potentiellt unik och viktig roll i att identifiera och ta hand om kvinnor som söker hjälp gällande våld i parrelationer. Syfte: Att beskriva vilken roll sjuksköterskan har i mötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan, samt hur sjuksköterskan upplever mötet. Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie där 13 vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats och sammanställts. Resultat: Sjuksköterskans roll går ut på att skapa en trygg miljö och stödja den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Sjuksköterskan bör använda sig av ett professionellt bemötande och skapa en relation där en god kommunikation är möjlig. Sjuksköterskor upplever ofta frustration i mötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan då det kan vara svårt att skapa en öppen dialog. Sjuksköterskor beskriver även en känsla av maktlöshet, då kvinnan väljer att gå tillbaka till ett våldsamt förhållande. Det är vanligt att sjuksköterskor i mötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan blir känslomässigt engagerade. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor saknar kunskap inom screening, bemötande samt omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor och är i behov av mer utbildning inom ämnet. / Background: Violence against women is a known social problem worldwide and increased by 30 percent in the 2000s'. In 2007, about 27 000 crimes captioned as abuse against women were reported in Sweden and just over 2/3 of these crimes were carried out by a known perpetrator. As a nurse you have a potentially unique and important role in identifying and taking care of women seeking help regarding intimate partner violence. Aim: To describe the role nurses have in the meeting with the abused woman, and how nurses perceive meeting. Method: A descriptive literature review in which 13 scientific papers have been reviewed and compiled. Results: Nursing role is to create a safe environment and support the abused woman. Nurses should use a professional approach and create a relationship where good communication is possible. The nurse often experience frustration in the meeting with the abused woman as it can be difficult to create an open dialogue. Nurses also describe a sense of powerlessness, when the woman chooses to go back to a violent relationship. It is common for nurses, in the meeting with the abused woman, to become emotionally involved. Conclusion: Nurses lack training in screening, treat and care for abused women and need more education in the subject.

Sweden has been a country of immigration since the Second World War. The asylum immigration is regulated by international law, the immigration of employees’ works through guidelines from the European Union. The immigration left for regulations from the government is the family immigration, which xenophobic parties want to increase. The immigration reaches a high level in the 1990’s. As the social democratic government is trying to keep the immigration controlled media is criticizing the regulations of immigration. Since the 1970´s probation of 2 years is needed for relation immigrants in order to minimize abuse. This rule might force women to stay in violent relationships due to fear of being sent back home, if they make a report to the police. The government faces the problem with the proposition 1999/2000:43, which is analyzed in this thesis with the goal to reveal the underlying values regarding the view of women, men and violence. Focusing on gender Carol Lee Bacchi’s discourse analythical method “What’s the ‘problem’ represented to be?” is used.

No description available.

Violence against women is a problem in all countries in the world, including the small autonomy of the Åland Islands. The violence ranges from psychological threats to femicide. In the Åland Islands the issue has been placed on the agenda of politicians and the authorities, while reports about severe violence against women have been brought to the public. In Åland no scientific research on violence against women has been performed. The overall aim of this dissertation is to gain a deeper insight into how battered women in Åland are cared for by nurses, and how the official organizations have responded to the government policy directives. In this thesis, the first study, a descriptive survey, describes how nurses identify and support battered women. In the second and third studies, the method of grounded theory was used to explore the experiences and perceptions of nurses and battered women of violence against women. In the fourth study a case study approach was used to explore government policies for intimate partner violence. The main findings in this thesis are that battered women used health services to receive help. We found that nurses identified and supported abused women, even though services for these women were inadequate. Nurses were willing to help the women, but they often lacked support. Battered women reported that they received ad hoc help. They were often left alone, dependent on a nearby person to escape, survive, and recover. Another finding was that the Government of the Åland Islands demanded that the official organizations should allocate services to battered women, but the organizations’ response to the directives had some limitations. From a public health perspective, the phenomenon presents an urgent challenge. Overall, the public health community can and should contribute greatly towards the understanding, prevention, and control of violence by applying and adapting already constructed principles, and by implementing strategies. / Våld mot kvinnor är ett problem som förekommer i alla länder I världen inkluderat det lilla autonoma området Åland. Fenomenet kan jämföras med terror. Våld mot kvinnor utövas i former från hot till mord. På Åland har problemet lyfts fram både genom politikers som tjänstemäns agendor, samtidigt som rapporter om allvarligt förekommande våld mot kvinnor rapporterats till allmänhetens kännedom. Våld mot kvinnor har inte studerats genom vetenskaplig forskning på Åland. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att uppnå fördjupade insikter angående hur våldsutsatta kvinnor bemöts av sjukskötare och hur de offentliga organisationerna agerat utifrån regeringens direktiv. I denna avhandling är den första studien en beskrivande undersökning som beskriver hur sjukskötare identifierar och hjälper våldsutsatta kvinnor. Den andra och tredje studien har använtgrounded theory för att studera sjukskötare och våldsutsatta kvinnors erfarenheter och uppfattningar angående våld mot kvinnor. Den fjärde studien en case study studie har undersökt regeringens riktlinjer angående våld mot kvinnor. Huvudfynden i denna avhandling visar att våldsutsatta kvinnor söker hjälp från hälsovården. Vi fann att sjukskötare identifierar och stöder våldsutsatta kvinnor även då servicen var otillräcklig. Sjukskötare var villiga att hjälpa kvinnorna men de saknade ofta själva stöd. Våldsutsatta kvinnor rapporterade att de erbjöds en hjälp som de uppfattade som ad hoc. De var ofta lämnade ensamma helt beroende av en närstående person för att kunna fly, överleva, och återhämta sig. Ett annat fynd var att Ålands landskapsregering hade uppmanat de offentliga organisationerna att erbjuda service till våldsutsatta kvinnor, men organisationernas respons var begränsade. Fenomenet utgör en akut utmaning sett utifrån ett folkhälsoperspektiv. Slutligen, de ansvariga för folkhälsan i samhället kan och borde bidra med förståelse, prevention, och kontroll av våldet genom att tillämpa och anpassa redan konstruerade principer, och genom en implementering av åtgärder.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.

p. 1-101 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T17:45:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11111s.pdf: 722272 bytes, checksum: 5a420e49e0b2d65bd54bbaa8e6b38593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:26:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 11111s.pdf: 722272 bytes, checksum: 5a420e49e0b2d65bd54bbaa8e6b38593 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11111s.pdf: 722272 bytes, checksum: 5a420e49e0b2d65bd54bbaa8e6b38593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Este estudo de corte transversal teve como objetivo descrever o padrão de ocorrência de distúrbios psíquicos menores entre mulheres de 15 a 49 anos, atendidas em um hospital de emergência de Salvador e que sofreram diferentes tipos de violência. As mulheres foram identificadas a partir de entrevistas face a face, utilizando-se o ?Abuse Assesment Screen?. Para avaliar o estado mental, utilizou-se uma versão do ?Self-Reporting Questionnaire? (SRQ-20). Do total de 273 mulheres, 77, 3 % (Intervalo de Confiança - IC 95 % = 78% - 82 %) apresentaram escore igual ou acima de sete no SRQ- 20, sugerindo provável morbidade psiquiátrica. Mulheres que sofreram mais de um tipo de violência (Razão de Prevalência ? RP= 1,31; IC 95% = 1,11 ? 1,56) e foram agredidas nos últimos doze meses (RP= 1,30; IC 95% = 1,08 ? 1,58) apresentaram maior prevalência de distúrbios psíquicos menores. Os resultados sugerem uma associação positiva entre violência e doença mental, o que requer medidas mais eficazes de atenção às vítimas, como a criação de redes institucionais que garantam a integralidade da assistência às mulheres. / Salvador

Violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) e morbidade materna grave constituem-se em importantes agravos à saúde sexual e reprodutiva feminina e representam formas de expressão das desigualdades de gênero. De acordo com os critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e de manejo relativos à morbidade materna grave, adotados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) para a definição de condições potencialmente ameaçadoras da vida materna (CPAV), este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a associação entre VPI na gravidez atual e ocorrência de CPAV entre mulheres atendidas em maternidades públicas da Grande São Paulo. Gestantes e puérperas que constituíram a população de estudo (N=446) foram divididas em dois grupos distintos: 1) que desenvolveram CPAV durante o ciclo gravídico puerperal atual, definidas como casos (n= 109); e 2) que não apresentaram qualquer tipo de intercorrência clínica, laboratorial ou de manejo no mesmo ciclo, definidas como controles (n=337). Respeitando-se os preceitos da ética em pesquisa com seres humanos, os casos e os controles foram selecionados por meio de visitas diárias aos locais de estudo entre novembro de 2010 e junho de 2011; próximo da alta hospitalar, entrevistas estruturadas foram conduzidas para investigação retrospectiva de VPI durante a gravidez atual, por meio de questionário adaptado do Estudo Multipaíses da OMS sobre Saúde da Mulher e Violência Doméstica. A relação entre a variável resposta (CPAV), a variável de exposição (VPI) e demais variáveis independentes, foi avaliada por meio de proporções, testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e pelo modelo de regressão logística múltiplo. Identificou-se prevalência de \"near miss\" materno de 5,62/1.000NV, ou seja, 0,56% e, Razão de Resultados Maternos Severos de 6,37/1.000NV. Considerando-se a tipificação da violência, observou-se prevalência de 12,7% de violência psicológica; 7,6% de violência física e 1,6% de violência sexual durante a gestação atual entre casos e controles. A despeito da ausência de significância estatística entre a exposição à VPI na gestação atual, relatada por 13% da amostra, e a ocorrência do desfecho CPAV, verificou-se que tanto as gestantes expostas à VPI quanto as mulheres que desenvolveram CPAV, apresentam fatores associados às condições sociodemográficas e reprodutivas desfavoráveis. Concluiu-se sobre a importância do monitoramento de casos CPAV que, assim como o rastreamento rotineiro da VPI entre gestantes, deve ser incluído no processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros. Isto é importante para promover a qualificação da atenção à saúde materna. / Intimate partner violence (IPV) and severe maternal morbidity represents importants women´s sexual and reproductive health issues, as well as an expression means of gender inequalities. According to clinical, laboratory-based and management-based criteria concerning severe acute maternal morbidity adopted by World Health Organization (WHO) to define potentially life-threatening maternal condition, this study aims to analyze the association between IPV in current pregnancy and potentially life-threatening condition among women cared in Great São Paulo public hospitals. Pregnant and postpartum women who constituted the study population (N=446) were categorized into two distinct groups: 1) who developed potentially life- threatening condition during current pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum, called cases (n= 109); and 2) women who did not attended to any clinical, or laboratory- based and management-based criteria, called controls (n=337). According to the ethical standards of human research, cases and controls were selected through daily visits at study settings during November 2010 and June 2011; near discharge from hospital, the structured interviews were conducted to investigate the prospective relationship among IPV during current pregnancy through a questionnaire adapted from Who Multi-country Study on Women\'s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women. The relationship between response variable (potentially life-threatening maternal condition), the exposition variable (IPV) and the others independents variables was assessed by proportions, chi square test or Fisher\'s exact test and multiple regression logistic. The maternal near miss prevalence identified was 5,62/1.000 live births, or 0,56%. The Severe Maternal Outcome Ratio was 6,37/1.000 live births. Considering the violence´s types, the study have found 12,7% of psychological, 7,6% of physical and 1,6% of sexual injuries during current pregnancy among cases and controls. Despite the absence of statistical significance between VPI exposition in current pregnancy, which was related by 13% of the total sample, and the potentially life-threatening maternal outcome, it was verified that both pregnant women exposed to IPV as those who developed potentially life-threatening conditions, showed factors associated with sociodemographic and reproductive unfavorable conditions. In conclusion, it is recommended potentially life-threatening condition continued audit, as well as the IPV routine screening among pregnant women should be included in the nurse´s working process. It`s important to improve the quality of maternal care health system.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-07T14:41:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO JOSIANNE MATTOS.pdf: 1147221 bytes, checksum: 26a5d5a2976ac258b491cc24dc6aa6c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T14:41:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO JOSIANNE MATTOS.pdf: 1147221 bytes, checksum: 26a5d5a2976ac258b491cc24dc6aa6c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-21 / CAPEs / A violência é uma questão complexa que se reproduz no cotidiano. Ela pode se naturalizar nas relações parentais - sob a justificativa de atos disciplinares - e, numa outra perspectiva, na relação com parceiros íntimos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estimar a prevalência e analisar a associação entre a violência cometida contra mulheres por parceiro íntimo (VPI) e a prática educativa materna (PEM) com crianças no início da escolaridade formal. Estudo transversal, realizado entre 2013 e 2014 com 631 mulheres, entre 24 e 58 anos, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Distrito Sanitário II da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco. A PEM foi avaliada pela escala de conflitos Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale. VPI foi definida por atos concretos de violência psicológica, física e sexual infligidos à mulher pelo parceiro. A associação da VPI com a PEM foi estimadvoa pelos odds ratios brutos e ajustados, utilizando-se análise de regressão logística multivariada. As prevalências foram, VPI: 24,4% e PEM violenta: 93,8% (82,4% de agressão física e 91,4% de agressão psicológica). Disciplina não violenta (DNV) foi referida por 97,6% das mulheres como estratégia educativa, coexistindo com estratégias violentas de disciplinamento. Houve associação entre VPI e PEM; ter relatado VPI aumentou as chances em 2,2 vezes da criança sofrer agressão psicológica (IC95%: 1,0 - 5,0). Embora a DNV tenha sido referida, os achados demonstram alta prevalência de prática educativa materna que perpassa pela violência, o que aponta para a necessidade de intervenções que minimizem os prejuízos da violência na mulher e na criança. / Violence is a complex issue that happens every day. It can become natural in parental relationships – justified as disciplinary actions – and, on another perspective, on the relationship with intimate partners. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence and to analyze the association between the intimate partner violence against women (IPV) and the maternal educational practice (MEP) against to children at the start of formal education. This is a Cross-sectional study, carried out from 2013 to 2014 with 631women in the age group 24 and 58 years old, registered at the Sanitary Distric II Family Health Strategy of Recife, Pernambuco. The MEP was evaluated with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale. IPV was defined by the concrete psychological, physical and sexual violence acts inflicted to the woman by her partner. The association of IPV and MEP was estimated by the crude and adjusted odds ratio, using the logistic regression analysis. The prevalences of, IPV was (24.4% and for violent MEP 93.8%; 82.4 % for physical aggression and 91.4% psychological aggression). Non-violent discipline (NVD) was referred by 92.6% of women as educational strategy, coexisting with violent disciplining strategies. There was an association between IPV and MEP: have reported IPV increased 2,2 times the chances of a child to suffer psychological aggression (CI95%: 1.0 – 5.0). Although the NVD has been referred, the finding demonstrate high prevalence of violent maternal educational practice, what points out to the necessity of interventions that minimize the harms on the woman and the child.