Våld i nära relation är ett allvarligt och utbrett samhällsproblem. Bara i Sverige har fler än 300 kvinnor dött till följd av våld i nära relation de senaste 20 åren och var femte vuxen kvinna i Sverige någon gång under sitt liv blivit utsatt för psykiskt eller fysiskt våld av en partner. Hur våldsrelationer porträtteras i samtida skönlitteratur kan ha en inverkan på läsarens uppfattning av fenomenet. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på om teorier gällande våld i nära relation reflekteras i beskrivningarna av våld i nära relation som återfinns i skönlitterära böcker.  I denna studie analyseras tre samtida skönlitterära bästsäljare utifrån teorin om normaliseringsprocessen, som bryts ner i tre delar; normalisering, internalisering och externalisering, samt teorier kring barns inverkan på våldsutsattas beslut att lämna eller att stanna kvar i relationen. Målet med studien är att undersöka om och hur dessa teorier speglas i litteraturen. Resultatet visar att delar av samtliga teorier speglas i alla tre författares berättelser. Hur tydligt teorierna speglas skiljer sig åt mellan böckerna, men vår uppfattning är att böckerna antagligen har bidragit till mer kunskap gällande våld i nära relation för läsaren. / Intimate partner violence, IPV, is a serious and widely-spread societal issue. In Sweden alone, more than 300 women have died during the last 20 years due to IPV and one in five adult women in Sweden have experienced psychological or physical violence from their partner during their lifetime. How IPV is portrayed in contemporary fiction may affect the readers image of the issue. The aim of this study is to explore if scientific theories about IPV are reflected in the descriptions of IPV in fictional books. Three contemporary bestsellers are analysed based on the concept of the normalisation process, which is broken down into three parts; normalisation, internalisation and externalisation, as well as theories regarding the impact children can have on the victim's decision to leave the relationship. The goal is to investigate whether and how these theories are reflected in the literature. The results show that all three theories are reflected in the books. How clearly the theories are reflected differs between the books, but our opinion is that the books have probably contributed to more knowledge regarding IPV for the reader.

In the submitted thesis I focus on domestic violence issues. In the theoretical part, I outline these issues based on a bibliographic research; I specify a basic classification of domestic violence, its development, and the current situation in the Czech Republic. Further, I deal with an analysis of the victim and offender personalities and present a valid legislative framework. Last but not least, I present a list of selected organisations providing support for the persons at risk of domestic violence and principles of their work with such victims. In the empirical part I focus on an analysis of the methods of work and cooperation among selected supporting organisations and this based on interviews with their representatives. After reviewing all the obtained information, I present a proposal aimed at an improvement of the work with domestic violence victims. At the same time, I propose a task that is to be developed as a project by secondary school students within primary prevention; the project is aimed at familiarization of students with the correct and adequate procedures applied by workers from the organisations providing support for domestic violence victims.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.

Introdução: Esse estudo investigou a violência de gênero contra mulheres profissionais de enfermagem perpetrada por parceiros íntimos (VPI), familiares e outros agressores. Objetivos: Estimar a ocorrência de violência psicológica, física, sexual; caracterizar os agressores, a busca de ajuda e locais procurados; analisar as diferenças entre enfermeiras e auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem quanto à freqüência da violência de gênero e verificar a nomeação de violência aos atos de agressão identificados. Métodos: Nesse estudo transversal foram entrevistadas 179 profissionais de 20 a 59 anos (50 enfermeiras e 129 auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem), utilizando-se um questionário validado e aplicado face a face por entrevistadoras treinadas. Resultados: A VPI foi a mais freqüente (63,7%; IC95%:55,7-70,4) seguida pela violência por outros (45,8%; IC95%:38,3-53,4) perpetrada por pacientes/acompanhantes, colegas de trabalho da área da saúde, estranhos, chefia de enfermagem e conhecidos. A violência por familiares ocupou o terceiro lugar (41,3%; IC95%: 34,0-48,9) e foi cometida, principalmente, por pai, irmãos (homens), tios e primos. Houve importante sobreposição dos tipos de VPI, sendo a forma exclusiva de violência psicológica a mais comum (19,2%), seguida pelas três formas (17,5%) e violência psicológica conjugada à física (14,7%). Auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem referiram mais VPI que enfermeiras (p<0,05). As profissionais de enfermagem, de forma geral, buscaram pouca ajuda: 20,3% para a violência por outros, 29,3% para a violência por familiares e 29,7% para a VPI. Não perceberam o vivido como violento, 31,9% das entrevistadas. Conclusões: Os elevados índices de violência de gênero identificados evidenciam a presença dessa forma de violência também entre mulheres profissionais de saúde de alta escolaridade. Propõe-se que essa temática seja foco de atenção das equipes supervisoras nos locais de trabalho, através de uma abordagem acolhedora e ética. Sugere-se que o tema seja abordado para a proteção da saúde das profissionais e para uma melhor prática assistencial. / Background: This study investigated gender violence against female nursing staff perpetrated by male intimate partners (IPV), family members and other aggressors. Objectives: To estimate the occurrence of psychological, physical and sexual violence; characterize the aggressors, as well as the attempt to seek help and where it was sought; analyze the differences between nurses and nursing aides/technicians as to the frequency of gender violence and to verify if the acts of aggression are designated as violence. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 179 professionals, aged 20 to 59 years old, were interviewed (50 nurses and 129 nursing aides / nurse technicians). A validated questionnaire was applied in face to face interviews conducted by trained interviewers. Results: IPV was the most frequent form of violence (63.7%; IC95%:55.7-70.4), followed by violence perpetrated by others (45.8% IC95%: 38.3-53.4) including patients and people accompanying them, colleagues within the field of health, chiefs of the nursing staffs, acquaintances and strangers. Family members occupied the third place as aggressors, (41.3%; IC95%:34.0-48.9), and the majority of these were fathers, brothers, uncles and cousins. There was an important amount of overlap of the types of IPV, being that the most common exclusive form was psychological violence (19.2%), followed by psychological, physical and sexual violence in conjunction (17.5%) and then by both psychological and physical violence (14.7%). Nursing aides/ technicians mentioned the occurrence of IPV more frequently than did the nurses (p<0.05). In general, the nursing staff did not seek help frequently: only 20.3% of those who suffered violence from other aggressors, 29.3% from family members and 29.7% from IPV sought help. Those who did not perceive their experience as a form of violence represented 31.9% of the subjects interviewed. Conclusions: The high rates of gender violence identified in this study are evidence of the occurrence of this form of violence among female health professionals with high levels of education. It is suggested that team supervisors be encouraged to focus on this theme in the workplace, addressing it by means of an ethical and supportive approach. By contributing towards the protection of health professional\'s well being, this could also help improve the quality of assistance for which they are responsible.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.

Introdução: Esse estudo investigou a violência de gênero contra mulheres profissionais de enfermagem perpetrada por parceiros íntimos (VPI), familiares e outros agressores. Objetivos: Estimar a ocorrência de violência psicológica, física, sexual; caracterizar os agressores, a busca de ajuda e locais procurados; analisar as diferenças entre enfermeiras e auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem quanto à freqüência da violência de gênero e verificar a nomeação de violência aos atos de agressão identificados. Métodos: Nesse estudo transversal foram entrevistadas 179 profissionais de 20 a 59 anos (50 enfermeiras e 129 auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem), utilizando-se um questionário validado e aplicado face a face por entrevistadoras treinadas. Resultados: A VPI foi a mais freqüente (63,7%; IC95%:55,7-70,4) seguida pela violência por outros (45,8%; IC95%:38,3-53,4) perpetrada por pacientes/acompanhantes, colegas de trabalho da área da saúde, estranhos, chefia de enfermagem e conhecidos. A violência por familiares ocupou o terceiro lugar (41,3%; IC95%: 34,0-48,9) e foi cometida, principalmente, por pai, irmãos (homens), tios e primos. Houve importante sobreposição dos tipos de VPI, sendo a forma exclusiva de violência psicológica a mais comum (19,2%), seguida pelas três formas (17,5%) e violência psicológica conjugada à física (14,7%). Auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem referiram mais VPI que enfermeiras (p<0,05). As profissionais de enfermagem, de forma geral, buscaram pouca ajuda: 20,3% para a violência por outros, 29,3% para a violência por familiares e 29,7% para a VPI. Não perceberam o vivido como violento, 31,9% das entrevistadas. Conclusões: Os elevados índices de violência de gênero identificados evidenciam a presença dessa forma de violência também entre mulheres profissionais de saúde de alta escolaridade. Propõe-se que essa temática seja foco de atenção das equipes supervisoras nos locais de trabalho, através de uma abordagem acolhedora e ética. Sugere-se que o tema seja abordado para a proteção da saúde das profissionais e para uma melhor prática assistencial. / Background: This study investigated gender violence against female nursing staff perpetrated by male intimate partners (IPV), family members and other aggressors. Objectives: To estimate the occurrence of psychological, physical and sexual violence; characterize the aggressors, as well as the attempt to seek help and where it was sought; analyze the differences between nurses and nursing aides/technicians as to the frequency of gender violence and to verify if the acts of aggression are designated as violence. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 179 professionals, aged 20 to 59 years old, were interviewed (50 nurses and 129 nursing aides / nurse technicians). A validated questionnaire was applied in face to face interviews conducted by trained interviewers. Results: IPV was the most frequent form of violence (63.7%; IC95%:55.7-70.4), followed by violence perpetrated by others (45.8% IC95%: 38.3-53.4) including patients and people accompanying them, colleagues within the field of health, chiefs of the nursing staffs, acquaintances and strangers. Family members occupied the third place as aggressors, (41.3%; IC95%:34.0-48.9), and the majority of these were fathers, brothers, uncles and cousins. There was an important amount of overlap of the types of IPV, being that the most common exclusive form was psychological violence (19.2%), followed by psychological, physical and sexual violence in conjunction (17.5%) and then by both psychological and physical violence (14.7%). Nursing aides/ technicians mentioned the occurrence of IPV more frequently than did the nurses (p<0.05). In general, the nursing staff did not seek help frequently: only 20.3% of those who suffered violence from other aggressors, 29.3% from family members and 29.7% from IPV sought help. Those who did not perceive their experience as a form of violence represented 31.9% of the subjects interviewed. Conclusions: The high rates of gender violence identified in this study are evidence of the occurrence of this form of violence among female health professionals with high levels of education. It is suggested that team supervisors be encouraged to focus on this theme in the workplace, addressing it by means of an ethical and supportive approach. By contributing towards the protection of health professional\'s well being, this could also help improve the quality of assistance for which they are responsible.

Thesis Transgeneration transfer of aggressive behaviour in families as a cause of domestic violence has theoretically - empirical nature and is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is defined by the family, its functions, types, and family pathology is described in the context of domestic violence and CAN syndrome. The central chapters of this section also deal with educational styles, parental attitudes, characteristics of domestic violence and child development in families with the occurrence of domestic violence. The practical part includes a qualitative analysis of documents, families affected by domestic violence, held at the Municipal Office Prachatice, department of Social and legal protection of children. The analysis examined whether these families can be considered the transgeneration transfer patterns of behaviour and styles of upbringing family to multiply family. The analysis is complemented by interviewed case study. Keywords Family, functions of family, styles of education, child evolution, domestic violence, battered woman syndrome, child as a victim of domestic violence, Child Abuse And Neglect syndrome, transgenerational transmission of domestic violence.

This study outlines the results of an evaluation of programmes through a developmental quality assurance process within shelters for abused women and their children in Gauteng Province. The survey obtained the attitudes and opinions of the social workers/social auxiliary workers and shelter managers towards their services. The study reflects empirical findings as well as strengths and developmental areas within these shelters. The results from the study indicate that shelters for abused women and their children are functioning well. However, the Minimum Standards for Shelters are not fully adhered to. Therefore, internal and external evaluations should be used by shelter managers to evaluate their own performance and to improve service delivery. / Social Work / MA(SS) (Social Work)

This study outlines the results of an evaluation of programmes through a developmental quality assurance process within shelters for abused women and their children in Gauteng Province. The survey obtained the attitudes and opinions of the social workers/social auxiliary workers and shelter managers towards their services. The study reflects empirical findings as well as strengths and developmental areas within these shelters. The results from the study indicate that shelters for abused women and their children are functioning well. However, the Minimum Standards for Shelters are not fully adhered to. Therefore, internal and external evaluations should be used by shelter managers to evaluate their own performance and to improve service delivery. / Social Work / MA(SS) (Social Work)