Optical long baseline interferometry was recently established as a technique capable of resolving stars and their circumstellar environments at the milliarcsecond (mas) resolution level. This high-resolution opens an entire new window to the study of astrophysical systems, providing information inaccessible by other techniques. Astrophysical disks are observed in a wide variety of systems, from galaxies up to planetary rings, commonly sharing similar physical processes. Two particular disk like systems are studied in the thesis: (i) B He-rich stars that exhibits magnetic fields in order of kG and that trap their winds in structures called magnetospheres; and (ii) Be stars, fast rotating stars that create circumstellar viscous disks. This study uses the interferometric technique to investigate both the photosphere proper and the circumstellar environment of these stars. The objective is to combine interferometry with other observational techniques (such as spectroscopy and polarimetry) to perform a complete and well-constrained physical description of these systems. This description is accompanied by radiative transfer models performed by the HDUST code. / Interferometria óptica de longa linha de base recentemente estabeleceu-se como uma técnica capaz de resolver estrelas e seus ambientes circunstelares no nível de mili segundos de arcos (\\textit). Esta alta resolução abre uma janela inteiramente nova para o estudo de sistemas astrofísicos, fornecendo informações inacessíveis por outras técnicas. Discos astrofísicos são observados numa ampla variedade de sistemas, de galáxias à discos planetários, em geral compartilhando de processos físicos similares. Dois sistemas de discos foram estudados nesta tese: (i) o estrelas B ricas em He e que possuem campos magnéticos da ordem de kG e que confinam seus ventos em estruturas chamadas magnetosferas; e (ii) estrelas Be, estrelas de rotação rápida que criam um disco circumstelar viscoso. Este estudo usa a técnica interferométrica para investigar ambas a própria fotosfera e o ambiente circunstelar destas estrelas. O objetivo é combinar a interferometria com outras técnicas observacionais (tal como espectroscopia e polarimetria) para realizar uma descrição física completa e precisa destes sistemas. Esta descrição é acompanhada por modelos de transferência radiativa executados pelo código HDUST.

Les architectures de calcul haute performance de nos jours sont des architectures hiérarchiques et hétérogènes: hiérarchiques car elles sont composées d’une hiérarchie de mémoire, une mémoire distribuée entre les noeuds et une mémoire partagée entre les coeurs d’un même noeud. Hétérogènes due à l’utilisation des processeurs spécifiques appelés Accélérateurs tel que le processeur CellBE d’IBM et les CPUs de NVIDIA. La complexité de maîtrise de ces architectures est double. D’une part, le problème de programmabilité: la programmation doit rester simple, la plus proche possible de la programmation séquentielle classique et indépendante de l’architecture cible. D’autre part, le problème d’efficacité: les performances doivent êtres proches de celles qu’obtiendrait un expert en écrivant le code à la main en utilisant des outils de bas niveau. Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé une plateforme de développement pour répondre à ces problèmes. Pour cela, nous proposons deux outils : BSP++ est une bibliothèque générique utilisant des templates C++ et BSPGen est un framework permettant la génération automatique de code hybride à plusieurs niveaux de la hiérarchie (MPI+OpenMP ou MPI + Cell BE). Basée sur un modèle hiérarchique, la bibliothèque BSP++ prend les architectures hybrides comme cibles natives. Utilisant un ensemble réduit de primitives et de concepts intuitifs, BSP++ offre une simplicité d'utilisation et un haut niveau d' abstraction de la machine cible. Utilisant le modèle de coût de BSP++, BSPGen estime et génère le code hybride hiérarchique adéquat pour une application donnée sur une architecture cible. BSPGen génère un code hybride à partir d'une liste de fonctions séquentielles et d'une description de l'algorithme parallèle. Nos outils ont été validés sur différentes applications de différents domaines allant de la vérification et du calcul scientifique au traitement d'images en passant par la bioinformatique. En utilisant une large sélection d’architecture cible allant de simple machines à mémoire partagée au machines Petascale en passant par les architectures hétérogènes équipées d’accélérateurs de type Cell BE. / Today’s high-performance computing architectures are hierarchical and heterogeneous. With a hierarchy of memory, they are composed of distributed memory between nodes and shared memory between cores of the same node. heterogeneous due to the use of specific processors called accelerators such as the CellBE IBM processor and/or NVIDIA GPUs. The programming complexity of these architectures is twofold. On the one hand, the problem of programmability: the programming should be simple, as close as possible to the conventional sequential programming and independent of the target architecture. On the other hand, the problem of efficiency: performance should be similar to those obtained by a expert in writing code by hand using low-level tools. In this thesis, we proposed a development platform to address these problems. For this, we propose two tools: BSP++ is a generic library using C++ templates and BSPGen is a framework for the automatic hybrid multi-level hierarchy (MPI + OpenMP or MPI + Cell BE) code generation.Based on a hierarchical model, the BSP++ library takes the hybrid architectures as native targets. Using a small set of primitives and intuitive concepts, BSP++ provides a simple way to use and a high level of abstraction of the target machine. Using the cost model of BSP++, BSPGen predicts and generates the appropriate hierarchical hybrid code for a given application on target architecture. BSPGen generates hybrid code from a sequential list of functions and a description of the parallel algorithm.Our tools have been validated with various applications in different fields ranging from verification to scientific computing and image processing through bioinformatics. Using a wide selection of target architecture ranging from simple shared memory machines to Petascale machines through the heterogeneous architectures equipped with Cell BE accelerators.

This master´s thesis is focused on an evaluation of a real estate market in light of „ethics in real estate activities.“ I mention ways of ethical principles and rules implementing especially in estate agencies and professional associations. Furthermore I mention ways of correction pretending in case of an irregularity. It happens quite often in reality that there are events whose solutions are still not regulatedby law so there is no statutory dutyto adhere to them. That´s why ethics codes are not mandatory for estate agencies, because they have no legal dependence in a contractual agreement between a client and a real estate agency or in a legal framework – a law of the Czech republic. I outline basic test cases – problems which can arise in this area, write up main advantages and disadvantages of the existing regulations within the frame of the Czech republic.

No description available.

This work is dedicated to the investigation on intermetallic compounds of beryllium and magnesium with late transition metals. By conducting fundamental research, the objective is to unveil novel intermetallic compounds possessing distinctive chemical bonding and interesting physical properties, with the aim to identify potential semiconductor materials for further thermoelectric applications. Following the recent discovery of the semiconducting properties of Be5Pt, it was initially hypothesised that replacing Be with Mg, while preserving the semiconducting properties, could enhance the widespread applicability of said material considering the lower toxicity of magnesium compared to that of beryllium. The study of the already well-investigated Mg–Pt system, revealed that a phase with composition Mg5Pt does not exist, instead two new phases, Mg3Pt2 and Mg29-xPt4+y (x = 0.47, y = 0.07), were discovered. Mg3Pt2 can be synthesised by direct reaction of its constituent elements or through spark plasma sintering (SPS) using MgH2 and PtCl2 as precursors. An in-depth analysis of the chemical bonding in Mg3Pt2 allowed to conclude that belonging to the same structural prototype (Eu3Ga2) does not necessarily indicate the same chemical bonding scenario. The isolation of single crystals for diffraction experiments combined with atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enabled the determination and examination of the crystal structure of Mg29-xPt4+y, the existence of which had previously only been hinted on the basis of powder diffraction or metallography analysis. The investigation of the chemical bonding in Mg29-xPt4+y revealed a unique characteristic, that distinguishes it from other complex intermetallic compounds (CMAs). Notably, a spatial separation of regions with different bonding features was observed, explaining a distinctive mixed Mg/Pt site occupancy near the origin of the unit cell. Beryllium has garnered considerable interest due to its versatile behaviour when combined with other elements. These combinations can give rise to materials exhibiting distinctive physical properties and intriguing chemical bonding characteristics. However, the high toxicity associated with beryllium and its compounds as well as difficulties in characterisation, e.g. very low X-ray scattering power, has limited systematic investigations of Be–based intermetallic compounds. This comprehensive study focuses on the binary Be–Ru system. The redetermination of the Be3Ru crystal structure, showed that it crystallises with TiCu3–type structure. The crystal structure can be derived by ‘colouring’ the hexagonal closest packing of spheres characteristic for large groups of intermetallic compounds. Be3Ru exhibits diamagnetic properties, and its metallic electrical resistivity is in good agreement both with electronic structure calculations and experimental measurements. Be2Ru crystallises with Fe2P–type structure, instead of the previously reported MgZn2–type one. Detailed investigations using single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments together with atomic-resolution electron microscopy have revealed the presence of minor orthorhombic inclusions dispersed within the hexagonal Fe2P–type matrix crystal structure. Despite these structural variations, both atomic arrangements primarily consist of similar structural layers and exhibit comparable chemical bonding characteristics. It has been also discovered that Be3Ru2 crystallises with U3Si2–type structure, in contrast to the previously reported (Mn0.5Fe0.5)2O3–type structure. Be7Ru4 and Be12Ru7 represent two new phases in the Be–Ru system. They possess a very close atomic composition (63.6 at. % Be and 63.2 at. % Be, respectively) and are situated between Be2Ru and Be3Ru2 in the Be–Ru phase diagram. Together with Be2Ru, these two new phases form a series of two-dimensional intergrowth structures, incorporating building blocks of Be2Ru and Be3Ru2 (Fe2P– and U3Si2– type structure). The first one is comprised of hexagonal channels of Ru atoms accompanied by embedded columns of [Be@Be6] trigonal prisms, while the second structure consists of columns composed of tetragonal [Be@Ru8] and trigonal [Be@Ru6] prisms. The structural organisation observed in Be7Ru4 and Be12Ru7 has not been documented previously, indicating that these two phases represent novel structural prototypes. A careful investigation of the crystal structure of Be17Ru3, revealed that the center of a cage [X@Be12] around at the origin of the unit cell, is not completely empty, but rather partly occupied by either Be or Ru. Furthermore, it was observed that this cage can be filled by rare earth and actinide elements giving rise to a novel family of ternary compounds with composition RBe68Ru12 (R = U, Th, Ce, Pr, Gd, Ho). Finally, two new Be–based Laves phases C15–Be2Fe1-xRux (x = 0.52) and C14–Be2Fe1-xOsx (x= 0.57) were discovered through alloying Ru and Os to C14–Be2Fe Laves phase. This study confirmed that the stability of C15 or C14 AB2 Laves phases cannot be predicted by simple reasoning such as atomic size ratio between the A and B atoms, difference in electronegativity or valence electron concentration (VEC), particularly when all three elements, Fe, Ru and Os, belong to the same group of the periodic table. Despite their different chemical behaviour, the investigation of chemical bonding using quantum chemical techniques in the Be– and Mg–based intermetallic compounds with late transition metals, unveiled shared characteristics whereby their crystal structures are stabilised by the formation of polar multiatomic bonds. The observed charge transfer not only serves a decisive role in stabilising the atomic configurations, but also contributes to the emergence of distinct structuring of the calculated electronic density of states of states, DOS, i.e. appearance of more or less prominent dips in the vicinity of the Fermi level, implying their proximity to a semiconducting state, in particular as far as Be–based intermetallic compounds are concerned.

Market prices in the liberalized European electricity system play a crucial role in promoting competition, ensuring grid stability, and maximizing profits for market participants. Accurate electricity price forecasting algorithms have, therefore, become increasingly important in this competitive market. However, existing evaluations of forecasting models primarily focus on overall accuracy, overlooking the underlying causality of the predictions. The thesis explores two state-of-the-art forecasters, the deep neural network (DNN) and the Lasso Estimated AutoRegressive (LEAR) models, in the EPEX-BE and Nord Pool markets. The aim is to understand if their predictions can be trusted in more general settings than the limited context they are trained in. If the models produce poor predictions in extreme conditions or if their predictions are inconsistent with reality, they cannot be relied upon in the real world where these forecasts are used in downstream decision-making activities. The results show that for the EPEX-BE market, the DNN model outperforms the LEAR model in terms of overall accuracy. However, the LEAR model performs better in predicting negative prices, while the DNN model performs better in predicting price spikes. For the Nord Pool market, a simpler DNN model is more accurate for price forecasting. In both markets, the models exhibit behaviours inconsistent with reality, making it challenging to trust the models’ predictions. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding the underlying causality of forecasting models and the limitations of relying solely on overall accuracy metrics. / Priserna på den liberaliserade europeiska elmarknaden spelar en avgörande roll för att främja konkurrens, säkerställa stabilitet i elnätet och maximera aktörernas vinster. Exakta prisprognoalgoritmer har därför blivit allt viktigare på denna konkurrensutsatta marknad. Existerande utvärderingar av prognosverktyg fokuserar emellertid på den övergripande noggrannheten och förbiser de underliggande orsakssambanden i prognoserna. Denna rapport utforskar två moderna prognosverktyg, DNN (Deep Neural Network) och LEAR (Lasso Estimated AutoRegressive) på elmarknaderna i Belgien respektive Norden. Målsättningen är att förstå om deras prognoser är pålitliga i mer allmänna sammanhang än det begränsade sammahang som de är tränade i. Om modellerna producerar dåliga prognoser under extrema förhållanden eller om deras prognoser inte överensstämmer med verkligheten så kan man inte förlita sig på dem i den verkliga världen, där prognoserna ligger till grund för beslutsfattande aktiviteter. Resultaten för Belgien visar att DNN-modellen överträffar LEAR-modellen när det gäller övergripande noggrannhet. LEAR-modellen presterar dock bättre när det gäller att förutse negativa priser, medan DNN-modellen presterar bättre när det gäller prisspikar. På den nordiska elmarknaden är en enklare DNN-modell mer noggrann för prisprognoser. På båda marknaden visar modellerna beteenden som inte överensstämmer med verkligheten, vilket gör det utmanande att lita på modellernas prognoser. Sammantaget belyser studien vikten av att förstå de underliggande orsakssambanden i prognosmodellerna och begränsningarna med att enbart förlita sig på övergripande mått på noggrannhet.

Preem verkar inom drivmedelsbranschen som styrs av en mycket hög omsättning med förhållandevis små marginaler. Det är därför viktig med en väl fungerande lagerkontroll. Det man idag är ute efter är en ökad precision i lageruppföljningen och därmed behövs ett nytt systemstöd till detta. Jag fick i min roll hos Preem uppgiften att titta närmre på GUI och processerna bakom. Det resulterade i denna rapport med ett framtaget förslag på användargränssnittet till det nya systemet och dess affärsprocesser som är kopplat till detta. Arbetet fokuserar på hur de två framställs i förhållande till varandra och vilka metoder som används för att konstruera dessa. Arbetet inkluderar illustrationer av as-is och to-be processmodeller enligt BPMN specifikation, wireframes och en sitemap. Denna rapport visar ett förslag på ett sammanfört system och ett intuitivare GUI med nya processer bakom, för just Preem, och hur balansgången går mellan att skapa affärsprocesser och ett grafiskt användargränssnitt ur varandra, beroende av vilka som är involverade i projektet. / Preem is a Swedish company that operates in the oil industry, which is controlled by very high sales and with relatively small margins. It’s therefore essential with a well working stock control. Today they are looking for a better way of monitoring the stock with a higher precision and therefore they need a new system for that. My role at Preem was to take a closer look at the GUI and the processes behind that. It resulted in this thesis that includes the user interface for the new system and the business processes that are linked to this. The work will focus on how these two methods are produced in relation to each other, and the methods that are used to construct them. The thesis includes illustrations of as-is and to-be process models of the BPMN specification, wireframes and a sitemap. This report shows a proposal of an integrating system and an intuitive GUI with new processes, at Preem, and how the balance is between creating business processes and a graphical user interface out of each other, depending on the people who are involved in the project.

Sandorių negaliojimo instituto tikslas - stabili ir teisėta civilinė apyvarta. Sandorio pripažinimas negaliojančiu panaikina jo teisinę galią. Viena vertus, pripažintas negaliojančiu, sandoris nesukelia teisinių pasekmių ateičiai, kita vertus, naudojantis sandorių pripažinimo grįžtamosios galios (retroaktyvumo) principu, toks sandoris laikomas neegzistavusiu ir praeityje jo sukeltos pasekmės išnykusios. Kadangi tikrovėje tam tikri faktai jau yra įvykę, pasitelkiant teisines priemones, šalys yra grąžinamos į iki sandorio sudarymo buvusią padėtį. Restitucija, pagrindinė sandorių pripažinimo negaliojančiais teisinė pasekmė, dėl sandorio dalyko, šalių specifikos, ar atsiradusių trečiųjų asmenų teisių į sandorio dalyką, ne visada gali būti taikoma. Atsižvelgiant į tai, šalių grąžinimui į iki sandorio sudarymo buvusią padėtį, naudojami ir kiti teisės institutai: be pagrindo įgyto turto ir nepagrįsto praturtėjimo taisyklės, vindikacija, actio Pauliana ieškinys. Kai turto grąžinimas natūra ar apskaičiavus piniginį ekvivalentą tampa neįmanomas, o šalis sieja prievoliniai teisiniai santykiai, taikytinos be pagrindo įgyto turto ir nepagrįsto praturtėjimo taisyklės. Tuo atveju, kai šalių nesieja prievoliniai teisiniai santykiai, jų teisės ginamos daiktinės teisės normomis (vindikacija). Ieškinys, reiškiamas siekiant sugrąžinti skolininką į buvusią iki sandorio sudarymo padėtį ir patenkinti kreditorinį reikalavimą, reiškiamas pagal actio Pauliana taisykles. Atkūrus šalių padėtį, buvusią... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / (Consequences of Invalidity of a Transaction and Determination of the Starting Point of its Invalidity) The goal consequences of invalidity of transactions are stable and legitimate civil circulation. Invalidity of a transaction eliminates the legal validity. On the one hand, invalidity of a transaction has no legal consequences for the future, on the other hand, using the retroactive recognition of the transactions (retroactivity) principle, the transaction presumed to have not existed and the consequences of transaction are disappeared. Whereas, certain facts have occurred in reality, using legal instruments, parties are returned to the status quo before the transactional. Restitution, the main consequence of invalidity transactions, of subject of transaction, counterparts specific, or third parties rights in subject of transaction, may not always be applicable. In this context, parties returned to the status quo before the transactional, are used other legal instrument: no reason on assets and unjust enrichment rules, vindication, Actio Pauliana legal action. When the restitution returning the item back to the whole or counting the value of money becomes impossible and parties have legal obligation relationships, used no reason on assets and unjust enrichment rules. In the event, when the parties have not legal obligations relationships, their rights are protected by right in rem role of law (vindication). Legal action to return the debtor to the status quo before the... [to full text]

Le béryllium (Be) est un métal dont les propriétés physiques et mécaniques sont très recherchées, notamment dans les secteurs spatial, énergétique et électronique. Les principaux effets associés à l’exposition au Be sont la sensibilisation et la bérylliose chronique. La prévalence des effets associés au Be suggère que les risques sont, entre autres, fonction de sa spéciation. Par ailleurs, il semble que les particules fines constituent la fraction d’intérêt pour l’occurrence de tels effets. Dans cette étude nous avons vérifié l’hypothèse que la forme chimique et la taille des particules du Be jouent un rôle majeur au niveau de la toxicité et de l’apparition d’effets spécifiques à une exposition au Be. Les effets spécifiques se traduisent, entre autres, par la formation de granulomes inflammatoires pulmonaire, par la prolifération de lymphocytes TCD4+ et la production de cytokines de type Th1. Pour chacune des trois formes chimiques visées par la présente étude (le Be métallique ou Be, l’oxyde de Be ou BeO et l’alliage Be aluminium ou BeAl), la toxicité a été évaluée à la suite d’une exposition subchronique par inhalation oro-nasale à des particules fines (F) et totales (T). À cette fin, un modèle animal (souris) a été utilisé. Au total, 245 souris ont été utilisées. Elles ont été subdivisées en sept groupes de 35 souris. Un groupe a servi de contrôle, alors que chacun des six autres a été exposé soit à des particules fines soit à des particules totales, pour chacune des trois formes chimiques de Be (Be-F, Be-T, BeO-F, BeO-T, BeAl-F, BeAl-T). La durée d’exposition pour chacun des groupes s’est étendue sur 3 semaines, 5 jours par semaine, 6 heures par jour. Le niveau d’exposition des souris était de 250 µg/m3. L‘urine des souris a été recueillie avant et durant l’exposition. Au moment du sacrifice, plusieurs tissus (poumon, rate, foie et reins) ainsi que des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés puis immédiatement congelés jusqu’à leur analyse pour la détermination de leur teneur en Be. De plus, certains poumons et rates ont été analysés pour l’évaluation de la sensibilité immunologique et de l'inflammation pulmonaire. Cette étude d’exposition subchronique est la première étude murine qui étudie les effets toxiques de différentes tailles particulaires sur les changements pathologique et immunologique similaires à ceux observés chez l’humain. Cette étude a permis de constater qu’il existait des différences importantes au niveau de la toxicité du Be d’après les différentes tailles particulaires à l’étude. Ces différences seraient reliées au dépôt des particules de Be dans les voies respiratoires et également à la capacité des voies respiratoires à les éliminer totalement ou partiellement. La clairance respiratoire est fonction, notamment, du site de déposition et du caractère soluble ou non des particules. Cette recherche aura également permis de démontrer que les souris C3H/HeJ représentent un bon modèle pour l’étude des effets toxicologiques et immunologiques d’une exposition au Be. De plus, nos résultats démontrent que la sévérité des lésions pulmonaires causées par le Be, tel que l’infiltration interstitielle de lymphocytes et la formation de granulomes non-caséeux, augmente avec le temps de résidence pulmonaire des particules de Be. Combinés à d’autres résultats, nos résultats contribueront à guider les actions de prévention relativement à l’exposition au Be, incluant éventuellement la révision de la valeur limite de l’exposition et possiblement l’établissement de valeurs limites en fonction de la forme chimique et de la taille des particules. / Beryllium (Be) is a metal with physical and mechanical properties and is used extensively in the aerospace, energy, and electronics industries. The main effects associated with Be exposure are sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. The prevalence of the effects associated with Be suggests that the risks are function of its speciation. Futhermore, it appears that the fine particles constitute the fraction of interest for the occurrence of such effects. In this study we verified the hypothesis that the chemical form and the particle size of Be play a major role in the level of the toxicity and in the appearance of specific effects in an exposure to Be. The specific effects are translated, among others, by the formation of inflammatory granulomes, by the proliferation of lymphocytes TCD4 + and the production of type Th1's cytokines. For each of the three chemical forms assessed in this research (Be metal or Be, Be oxide or BeO and Be aluminum alloy or BeAl) the toxicity was estimated following an subchronic exposure by nose-only to fine (F) and total (T) particles. An animal model (mouse) was used. Two hundred and forty five mice divided into seven groups of 35 each were used. The first group was used as a control, while the six other groups were exposed to total or fine particles of three different Be species (Be-F, Be-T, BeO-F, BeO-T, BeAl-F, BeAl-T). The duration of exposure for each of the groups was 3 consecutive weeks, 5 days per week and 6 hours per day. The target level of exposure was 250 μg/m3. Urine was collected before and during exposure. At the time of the sacrifice, several tissues (lungs, spleens, livers and kidneys) and blood samples were taken and immediately frozen until their chemical analysis for Be concentrations. Lungs and spleens were also sampled to evaluate the immunological effects and pulmonary inflammation. This study of subchronic exposure is the first murine study to examine the toxic effects of various particle sizes for similar pathological and immunological changes to those observed in a human being. This study allowed for the identification of important differences in the level of the toxicity of Be according to the various particles sizes. These differences are connected to the deposit of the particles of Be in respiratory tracts and also the capacity of respiratory tracts to eliminate them totally or partially. The respiratory clearance is a function of the site of deposition and of the solubility of the particles. This research has also demonstrated that mouse C3H/HeJ represents a good model for the study of the toxicological and immunological effects of a Be exposure. Furthermore, our results showed that the severity of the lung hurts caused by Be, such as the interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes and the formation of non-caseous granulomes, increases in time by lung residence of Be. Alongside other results, the results of this research will contribute to informing the prevention of Be exposure, including possibly the revision of the limit value and the establishment of a scientifically based threshold according to chemical form and particle size.

The use of civil dialogue has increased in Sweden during the past decades. Civil dialogue is advocated by important operators as the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and promoted in the Official Reports of the Swedish Government as a way forward for the Swedish democracy. The aim of this study is to examine what the civil dialogue is trying to solve and how it´s supposed to work as a solution. This study carries out a discourse analysis using poststructural theory as Laclau & Mouffes discourse theory and Bacchis What’s the problem represented to be to analyse three Swedish local policy’s on civil dialogue. The study can identify what´s the problem represented to be in the civil dialogue policy´s and identifies the civil dialogue discourse to be constructed by three nodal points to make sense. The study also identifies the specific subject positions represented within the local policy´s and come to the conclusion that civil dialogue not only involves people into politics but also act as a technique of govern and may have counterproductive effect.