No description available.

Making a successful Christian marriage is a major challenge that faces the Seventh Day Adventist church (SDA Church) of Malawi. The colonial government of Nyasaland (Malawi) created weak marriages, promoting high divorce rates by its own practices during its era, which have remained to this day. The failure of secular marriages endangers the success of SDA Christian marriages. Little has been done by the Church to educate its members concerning successful Christian marriage. This study focuses on educating the church to deal with the problems that cause marriage failure in the SDA Church. The Malawi government is another tool that the church could use to address marriage failure. I have used the Bible, and scientific research methods to suggest workable solutions for Christian marriage. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / The child's becoming is influenced by the education situation as a whole. The mother-child relationship plays a crucial role to the child's becoming, hence the initial bonding between mother and child is considered all-important. All further becoming is based on the motherchild relationship. Another factor that influences becoming is the family situation, with specific reference to the father. Because the family functions in the context of a particular society, the shift of emphasis in the modem family and social factors cannot be discounted in the discription of becoming. Becoming takes place in conjunction with learning, development and maturation. These processes are differentiable but inseparable. The different domains of becoming and development, namely the affective, cognitive, normative, physical and social, form the overall context within which the child is investigated. An adequate educational environment leads tot the child's adequate becoming. At the centre of any adequate educational environment is the educator acting as mediator between child and learning content. Both the primary and the secondary educational situation should comply with the requisites for adequacy. An empirical investigation was undertaken in accordance with ideographic research methods. The status of overall becoming and development in children who had been subjected to different types of daycare was determined in relation to the education situation as a whole, which is why both the primary and the secondary educational situation were drawn into the investigation. This research has produced the finding that daycare does not necessarily harm the child's becoming. The overall educational situation must be considered at all times. Daycare has a recognisable influence on the child's becoming, but the mother-child relationship is the most decisive factor for the child's becoming. / Kinderlike wording word deur die opvoedingsituasie as totaliteit belnvloed. Die moederkindverhouding speel die allerbelangrikste rol by kinderlike wording. Daarom word die aanvanklike binding tussen moeder en kind baie hoog aangeskryf. Alie verdere wording word geskoei op die moeder-kindverhouding. Die gesinsituasie, met spesifieke verwysing na die vader, is verdere faktore wat wording belnvloed. Omdat die gesin binne 'n bepaalde samelewing funksioneer, kan die klemverskuiwing van die moderne gesin en die samelewingsfaktore nie buite rekening gelaat word by die beskrywing van wording nie. Wording vind sy neerslag in samewerking met leer, ontwikkeling en ryping. Hierdie begrippe is onderskeibaar, maar kan nooit geskei word nie. Die verskillende domeine van wording en ontwikkeling, naamlik die affektiewe, kognitiewe, normatiewe, fisieke en sosiale domeine, vorm die totaliteit waarbinne die kind beskou word. 'n Toereik:ende opvoedingsmilieu gee aanleiding tot toereikende wording by die kind. Midde 'n toereikende opvoedingsmilieu staan die opvoeder as bemiddelaar tussen die kind en die inhoud. Die primere sowel as die sekondere opvoedingsituasies behoort aan die vereistes van toereikendheid te voldoen. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is aan die hand van die ideografiese navosingsontwerp onderneem. Die wording en ontwikkeling van kinders vanuit verskillende tipes dagsorg is bepaal. Die wording en ontwikkeling van die kind in totaliteit word in aanmerking geneem. Wording word dan in verband gebring met die opvoedingsituasie in sy totaliteit. Daarom is die primere sowel as die sekondere situasies by die ondersoek betrek. Hierdie navorsing bevind dat kinderlike wording nie noodwendig negatief deur dagsorg beinvloed word nie. Die totale opvoedingsituasie van die kind moet telkens in berekening gebring word. Dagsorg oefen wel 'n invloed op kinderlike wording uit, maar die moederkindverhouding is die mees bepalende faktor by kinderlike wording. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

This essay reflects upon a group process where the goal was to use an art exhibition as a source of inspiration. The purpose of introducing art through an Exihibition was to generate associations that lead to subjects for dialogue and therefor developed a creative process amongst the group. We used the experience that came out of the visit and phrased questions regarding electrical light sources to mediate to the children. The main questioning is regarding the transformation from conformity to a more experimental approach to children’s learning. My dilemma concerns me getting caught in between two different points of view and not always knowing to whom the dilemma should be addressed, towards the staff or the organisation. My investigation concerns the role of a supervisors communications skills in relation to aesthetics as a learning process. Secondly, I reflect upon pedagogic documentation and how it can be used in the preschool practice. Through the pedagogic documentation, I can reflect upon the children’s becoming in relationship to the spatial dimensions and their relationships towards each other. My purpose of outcome was to investigate creative thinking in relationship to a group process in the preschool practice and how one can go about to introduce art as a catalysator for a creative process.

The aim of this thesis is to report on a transdisciplinary approach, regarding the complexity of thinking about human embodiment in relation to machine embodiment. A practical dimension of this thesis is to elicit some principles for the design and evaluation of virtual embodiment. The transdisciplinary approach suggests, firstly, that a single discipline or reality is, on its own, not sufficient to explain the complexity and dynamism of the embodied interaction between the human and machine. Secondly, the thesis argues for thinking of transdisciplinary research as a process of individuation, becoming or transduction, that is, as a process of mediation between heterogeneous approaches rather than perceiving research as a stabilized cognitive schema designed to accumulate new outcomes to the already-there reality. Arguing for going beyond the individualized approaches to embodiment, this thesis analyzes three cases where the problems that appear in one case are resolved through the analysis of the following one. Consisting of three phases, this research moves from objective scientific 'reality' to more phenomenological, subjective and complex realities. The first study employs a critical review of embodied conversational agents in human-computer interaction (HCI) in a learning context using a comparative meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was applied because most of the studies for evaluating embodiment are experimental. A learning context was selected because the number of studies is suitable for meta-analysis and the findings could be generalized to other contexts. The analysis reveals that there is no 'persona effect', that is, the expected positive effect of virtual embodiment on the participant's affective, perceptive and cognitive measures. On the contrary, it shows the reduction of virtual embodiment to image and a lack of consideration for the participant's embodiment and interaction, in addition to theoretical and methodological shortcomings. The second phase solves these problems by focusing on Mark Hansen's phenomenological account of embodiment in new media. The investigation shows that Hansen improves on the HCI account by focusing on the participant's dynamic interaction with new media. Nevertheless, his views of embodied perception and affection are underpinned by a subjective patriarchal account leading to object/subject and body/work polarizations. The final phase resolves this polarization by analyzing the controversial work of Alan Turing on intelligent machinery. The research provides a different reading of the Turing Machine based on Simondon's concept of individuation, repositioning its materiality from the abstract non-existent to the actual-virtual realm and investigating the reasons for its abstraction. It relates the emergence of multiple human-machine encounters in Turing's work to the complex counter-becoming of what it describes as 'the Turing Machine compound'.

Depuis plusieurs années, la définition des soins palliatifs a été élargie pour inclure toutes les maladies ayant un pronostic réservé. Le Québec s’est doté d’une politique de soins palliatifs dont l’un des principes directeurs est de maintenir les patients dans leur milieu de vie naturel. Alors que présentement environ 10 % de la population nécessitant des soins palliatifs en reçoit, on peut s’attendre à une augmentation des demandes de soins palliatifs à domicile dans les CSSS du Québec. La présente étude a pour but de décrire et comprendre l’expérience de dispenser des soins palliatifs à domicile pour des infirmières travaillant dans un contexte non spécialisé. Une étude qualitative ayant comme perspective disciplinaire la théorie de l’humain-en-devenir de Parse a été réalisée. Des entrevues ont été effectuées auprès de huit infirmières travaillant au maintien à domicile d’un CSSS de la région de Montréal qui font des soins palliatifs dans un contexte non spécialisé. L’analyse des données a été effectuée selon la méthode d’analyse phénoménologique de Giorgi (1997). Les résultats s’articulent autour de trois thèmes qui décrivent l’expérience de dispenser des soins palliatifs à domicile pour des infirmières qui travaillent dans un contexte non spécialisé. Elles accompagnent les patients et leur famille, en s’engageant à donner des soins humains, et développant une relation d’accompagnement avec le patient et ses proches. Elles doivent composer avec les réactions du patient et de sa famille et doivent parfois informer le patient de la progression de son état de santé. De plus, elles se préoccupent de donner des soins de qualité en composant avec la complexité des soins palliatifs à domicile tout en s’assurant de soulager les symptômes des patients et de tenter de développer leur expertise. Finalement, le fait d’être confrontée à la mort permet de cheminer. Ainsi, les infirmières vivent des émotions, reçoivent du soutien, sont touchées personnellement par la mort, éprouvent de la satisfaction envers les soins qu’elles donnent et apprennent personnellement de leur expérience. L’essence du phénomène à l’étude est que lorsque les infirmières font un véritable accompagnement du patient et de sa famille en s’efforçant de donner des soins de qualité, cela crée des conditions permettant qu’un cheminement personnel et professionnel sur la vie et la mort soit effectué par les infirmières. / In the past few years, the definition of palliative care was extended to include all diseases with a poor prognosis. The province of Quebec modified the health care system to focus more on ambulatory care and created a palliative care policy with one of its principal directives being to maintain patients in their own milieu. As only 10% of patients requiring palliative care presently receive it, we can expect an increase in demands for palliative home care in the CSSS’s of Quebec. The goal of the present study is to describe and understand the lived experiences of the nurses of a CSSS of the Montreal sector who deliver palliative home care in a nonspecialized context. A qualitative phenomenological research was developed with the Human Becoming Theory of R.R. Parse as a theoretical framework. Eight semi-directed interviews were done with nurses working in home care of a CSSS of the Montreal region. These nurses do palliative care in a non-specialized context. Giorgi’s (1997) phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Three themes describing the experiences of home care nurses providing palliative care in a non specialized context emerged from the analysis. Nurses accompany patients and their families, by committing themselves to providing humane care and by developing an accompaniment relationship with the patient and his/her loved ones. Nurses must cope with the patient’s and family’s reactions and often need to inform the patient of the progression of his/her disease. Secondly, nurses are dedicated to provide quality care by dealing with the complexity of providing palliative care at home, while doing symptoms management and attempting to develop their expertise. Finally, the theme which has the most interesting results is that being confronted by death allows nurses to grow. Nurses personally go through emotions, received support, are personally touched by death, experience satisfaction by the care they give and personally learn by their experience. The essence of the phenomenon is that when nurses providing palliative home care in a non specialized context accompany truly patients and their family, while giving quality care, it creates conditions for the nurses to grow personally and professionally on their views of life and death.

Ce mémoire est l'occasion d'établir une courte généalogie des femmes vampires au cinéma, en mettant en avant la manière dont la figure de la femme vampire résonne avec celle de la femme fatale, dans la mesure où elle constitue à la fois une vision négative de la femme émancipée, tout en offrant une manière d’échapper au modèle féminin traditionnel. En me demandant si le vampirisme peut être une source de pouvoir émancipatoire pour les femmes, j’analyse attentivement Byzantium (2012) de Neil Jordan. À travers l’étude successive des deux personnages principaux, Clara et Eleanor, je montre comment le film résonne avec la généalogie des femmes vampires établie préalablement, ainsi qu’avec certains enjeux féministes. Surtout, l’accent est mis sur la manière dont les personnages féminins contestent le pouvoir masculin, à travers la performance des stéréotypes, pour Clara, et la prise de contrôle du récit, pour Eleanor. Enfin, je me concentre sur la manière dont, à travers des mouvements de devenirs, ces personnages sortent du cycle fatal de l’oppression masculiniste, qui mène habituellement à l’extinction de la femme vampire en fin de récit, mais qui ici aboutit à une tentative de réconciliation entre les sexes. Mon travail s’appuie sur de larges recherches concernant la figure du vampire, ainsi que sur les études féministes et gender studies relatives aux textes vampiriques. Je m’appuie également sur les réflexions de Judith Butler, les travaux deleuziens sur la notion de « devenir », et les considérations de Derrida sur le don. / This master thesis is the opportunity to establish a short genealogy of vampire women on screen, highlighting how the figure of the vampire resonates with that of the femme fatale, since it is both a negative vision of the emancipated woman, while also providing a way to escape the traditional female model. Wondering if vampirism can be a source of emancipatory power for women, I analyze carefully Byzantium (2012, Neil Jordan). Through successive study of the two main characters, Clara and Eleanor, I show how the film resonates with the genealogy of vampire women established previously, as well as some feminist issues. Above all, the emphasis is on how the female characters are challenging male power, through the performance of stereotypes, for Clara, and through the takeover of the narrative, for Eleanor. Finally, I focus on how, through movements of becomings, these characters come out of the fatal cycle of masculinist oppression, which usually leads to the extinction of the female vampire at the end of the story, but here leads to an attempt at reconciliation between the sexes. My work is based on extensive research on the figure of the vampire, and women and gender studies relating to vampiric texts. I also rely on Judith Butler’s work, the deleuzian concept of “becoming”, and considerations on the gift by Derrida.

Ce mémoire explore les productions et les articulations des appartenances au mouvement Slow Fashion sur Twitter. En réaction au modèle actuel prédominant du Fast Fashion, basé sur une surproduction et une surconsommation des vêtements, le Slow Fashion sensibilise les différents acteurs du secteur de la mode à avoir une vision plus consciente des impacts de leurs pratiques sur les travailleurs, les communautés et les écosystèmes (Fletcher, 2007) et propose une décélération des cycles de production et de consommation des vêtements. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de montrer que le Slow Fashion se dessine notamment à travers les relations entres les différents acteurs sur Twitter et que l'ensemble de ces interactions prend la forme d'un rhizome, c’est-à-dire d’un système dans lequel les éléments qui le composent ne suivent aucune arborescence, aucune hiérarchie et n’émanent pas d’un seul point d’origine. (Deleuze & Guattari, 1976) Sur Twitter, les appartenances au Slow Fashion font surface, se connectent les unes aux autres par des liens de nature différente. Consommateurs, designers, entreprises, journalistes, etc., ces parties prenantes construisent collectivement le Slow Fashion comme mouvement alternatif à la mode mainstream actuelle. Mon cadre théorique s’est construit grâce à une analyse de la littérature des concepts de mode, d’identité et d’appartenance afin de mieux appréhender le contexte dans lequel le mouvement a émergé. Puis, j’ai également réalisé une étude exploratoire netnographique sur Twitter au cours de laquelle j’ai observé, tout en y participant, les interactions sur la plateforme abordant le Slow Fashion et/ou la mode éthique. Publiée sur ce blogue (http://belongingtoslowfashion.blogspot.ca), cette « creative presentation of research » (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012) ne constitue pas une histoire présentant les prétendues origines de ce mouvement mais plutôt une photographie partielle à un certain moment du Slow Fashion. Construite tel un rhizome, elle n’a ni début, ni fin, ni hiérarchie. J’invite alors les lectrices/lecteurs à choisir n’importe quelle entrée et à délaisser toute logique linéaire et déductive. Cette exploration sera guidée par des liens hypertextes ou des annotations qui tisseront des connexions avec d’autres parties ou feront émerger d’autres questionnements. Il s’agit d’offrir une introduction aux enjeux que pose le Slow Fashion, d’ouvrir la voie à d’autres recherches et d’autres réflexions, ou encore de sensibiliser sur ce sujet. / This research explores the productions and the articulations of belonging to Slow Fashion on Twitter. In reaction to the current model of the garments fashion industry, the Fast Fashion, based on overproduction and overconsumption, Slow Fashion aims at raising awareness of the actors of the fashion industry concerning the impacts of their practices on workers, communities, ecosystems (Fletcher, 2007) and suggests a deceleration of clothing production and consumption cycles. The aim of this research is to show how the relationships between the participants are surfacing on Twitter and how those interactions are organized as a rhizome ; a assemblage where elements and components don’t follow a tree-like hierarchy or linearity and don’t emanate from a single point of origin. (Deleuze & Guattari, 1976) On Twitter, Slow Fashion belongings emerge and connect to each other through different kind of links. Consumers, designers, companies, journalists, etc., collectively build the Slow Fashion as an alternative movement to the current hegemonic fashion model. My theoretical framework is based on a litterature analysis which explores the concepts of fashion, identity, and belonging in order to contextualize the emergece of Slow Fashion. I also conducted an exploratory netnographic study on Twitter : I observed and participated in interactions addressing Slow Fashion and/or ethical Fashion. The « creative presentation of research » (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012) published in this blog (http://belongingtoslowfashion.blogspot.ca) does not propose a history of the Slow Fashion and its origins. Rather, it offers a partial picture of a certain moment of the movement. Build as a rhizome, this research has no beginning, no ending, no hierarchy. I invite readers to start by any entry point and to abandon any kind of deductive or linear logic. This exploration will be guided by hyperlinks or annotations that will connect to other parts or that will make emerge other questionings. It offers an introduction to the challenges of Slow Fashion, it opens the way for further research, other reflexions and the issues it raises.

Ce travail se propose de comprendre l’éthique élaborée par Spinoza comme cheminement individuel dans le cadre d’une nature déterminée de part en part, et au sein de laquelle aucune finalité n’est assignée aux hommes. La question consiste donc à se demander comment l’on peut passer à une autre manière d’exister sans postuler de distance de soi à soi ; et cela revient à incarner différemment, singulièrement, le déterminisme commun. S’appuyant sur l’étude de concepts tels fabrica, constitutio, occasio, ou encore aptitudes, ce travail part du dynamisme des choses singulières afin d’établir l’historicité propre à l’existence humaine. Dans ce cadre, les rencontres déterminantes sans être librement choisies sont parties prenantes du cheminement éthique, comme autant de circonstances propices à l’occasion desquelles on peut accroître son aptitude à être diversement affecté. Il s’agit ainsi de constituer une « anthropologie éthique » qui permette de concevoir l’éthique à partir de l’existence courante des hommes du commun, mais sans jamais la réduire à une science des comportements. Cela requiert ainsi de penser la possibilité de changements sur fond de continuité, en incluant dans le cheminement tout ce qui est à même d’alimenter des variations orientées, comme le désir, l’imagination d’un modèle ou la sensation de soi à divers moments de son existence. Est requis pour cela de constituer un concept de « singularité », qui se distingue de ce qui est simplement particulier, mais qui ne s’oppose pas cependant à un cheminement commun. Cela revient alors à considérer l’éthique non comme un état à atteindre (un devenir « quelque chose »), mais comme le fait même d’être « en devenir ». / The aim of this study is to conceive of Spinoza’s ethics as an individual progression within the framework of a completely determined existence wherein no finality is assigned to man. Hence, the question is how to pass from one mode of existence to another without distancing one from oneself or, that which amounts to the same, how to embody, differently and in a singular way, the common determinism. Taking our point of departure in concepts such as fabrica, constitutio, occasio or aptitude, this study thus begins by looking at the dynamics of individual things in order to determine the historicity proper to human existence. Within this framework, encounters that are determining but not freely chosen are integral parts of the ethical progression, constituting so many circumstances propitious for the production of the occasions where one’s aptitude to be affected in many ways can be augmented. The objective is then to establish an “ethical anthropology” allowing to conceive of an ethics taking its point of departure in the everyday existence of common people but without ever reducing to a science of behaviors. This also requires that the possibility of change must be thought on the basis of continuity by including in the progression everything that supports the different variations and their orientations, such as desire or the imaginary models or senses of self that we have at different moments of our existence. In order to do that, one must construct a concept of “singularity” as of something different from the merely “particular” but that nonetheless is not opposed to a common progression. This amounts to considering ethics, not as a state to achieve (a “becoming something”) but rather as the very fact of being “in becoming.”

The thesis Otherness and Identity deals with the discourse of Gilles Deleuze (Différence et répétition, 1968) and Deleuze in cooperation with Félix Guattari (Capitalisme et schizophrénie: L'Anti-Oedipe, 1972, Mille plateaux, 1980, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?, 1991). On the basis of their discourse the process of individuation is constructed, and is at first situated into deleuzean space-time. The process of individuation is based on the principle of inner difference that is understood as a generative principle which "makes the difference". In this sense, the concept of individuation represents a concept of otherness unlike the concept of identity. The first and the second part of the thesis present basic principles of thinking of Deleuze and Guattari. In the third part of the thesis the principle of identity is localized in the work of Deleuze and Guattari. This concept is understood as a consequence of illegitimate uses of the synthesis of unconsciousness. On this ground their critique of psychoanalytic reproduction of repressive Oedipal structures is presented. And the Oedipal structure in it's reproductive function is also presented as a construct of sexual identity. The fourth part of the thesis is devoted to confrontation of opinion motivations, views and strategies of Deleuze and Guattari...