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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Willingness-to-Pay for Maintenance and Improvements to Existing Sanitation Infrastructure: Assessing Community-Led Total Sanitation in Mopti, Mali

Meeks, Justin Vern 01 January 2012 (has links)
In recent years, much focus has been put on the sustainability of water and sanitation development projects. Experts in this field have found that many of the projects of the past have failed to achieve sustainability because of a lack of demand for water and sanitation interventions at a grassroots level. For years projects looked to create this demand through various subsidy schemes, with the "software" of behavior change and education taking a backseat to the "hardware" of infrastructure provision. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a fairly new way of looking at the issues of increasing basic sanitation coverage, promoting good hygiene practices, and facilitating the change in behaviors that is necessary for a level of basic sanitation coverage to be sustained for any significant length of time. CLTS looks to get people to come to the realization that open defecation is dangerous, and that they have to power to stop this practice. The purpose of this research study was to assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene situation on the ground in villages that through CLTS have achieved open defecation free (ODF) status in the Mopti region of Mali, West Africa. This assessment was done through a willingness-to-pay study, that showed how important sanitation infrastructure was in the daily lives of villagers in this region of Mali. This research study also examines any possible correlations between certain socioeconomic data and willingness-to-pay. A questionnaire was developed and completed with 95 household heads spread across 6 of the 21 ODF villages in the region. The results of this research study show that the behavior change brought about by CLTS was sustained. Every household in the study had at least one latrine (total latrines = 186), or had access to a neighbor's latrine because theirs had recently collapsed. Of these latrines 82.3% were reported as meeting the Malian nation government requirements of basic sanitation. 89.3% of the observed latrines were built by the participant families themselves using predominately materials that could be found in or harvested from the local environment (e.g., mud, rocks, sticks). Fifty-three percent of the latrines were built completely free of cost, and of the 88 latrines that were paid for in part or in whole the average cost was about US $13.00. The majority of the participants (64.2%) in the research study reported making improvements and maintaining their latrines, clearly showing the importance of sanitation infrastructure in the 6 study villages. The average cost of this maintenance was about US $1.50. Alongside of willingness-to-pay data, more qualitative data were collected on the relative importance of sanitation infrastructure in the daily lives of people in ODF villages in Mopti. This study found that on average throughout the 6 study villages, about 13% of discretionary funds are saved for or spent on maintenance and improvements to sanitation infrastructure on a monthly basis. When sanitation infrastructure investments were compared with other infrastructure and livelihood investments, on the average it was ranked 7th out of the possible 10. These data seem to indicate that future investment in sanitation infrastructure was not a high priority for the participants. This could be stem from the fact that many of the participants had not directly experienced the need for continued investments, because their original latrines were still functional. The willingness-to-pay regression analysis produced very few statistically valid results. Only a few of the correlations found between willingness-to-pay data and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were found to be statistically valid. For example, the correlation coefficient between willingness-to-pay for pit maintenance, including emptying when full or covering the pit with top soil, digging a new one, and reconstruction, and education level of the participants was about 1.2 and was statistically valid with a t-statistic of about 2.2. Indicating that the more educated a participant was, the more they would be willing to pay for pit maintenance. None of the overall regressions explained enough of the variability in willingness-to-pay data to be considered statistically valid. Regressions for two scenarios, constructing a cement slab as an improvement to an existing latrine and sealing/lining the pit on an existing latrine with cement, explained 10.3% and 10.4% of the variability in willingness-to-pay data respectively. However, this did not meet the minimum criteria of 15%. While the willingness-to-pay data would have been useful to study partners that are piloting a Sanitation Marketing program in Mali, the main research objective of assessing the CLTS intervention was still met.
202

Teens, Behavior Change & the Environment

Dowd, Kim 01 May 2011 (has links)
This thesis document presents the research, synthesis and design work completed for a system for object reuse. This work presents a user-centered process culminating in a service design (ReUseIt) and design guidelines to be employed when working with an audience of teenage girls and designing for behavior change with respect to the environment. This document includes a literature review covering environmental concerns, the relationship of design for behavior change, Generation Z, game design, and the historic value of objects. Research methods documented include journaling kits and designer-led research workshops embedded within middle school and high school art classes. ReUseIt supports improved behavior in relation to the environment through positive feedback around the reuse of objects and attachment of stories to objects. It is a service with touchpoints in shopping malls and a Facebook application. Reflections are offered on the design process undertaken and suggested best practices for creating embedded workshops within middle and high school classes.
203

Évaluation des interventions numériques visant un changement de comportement de santé : un enjeu paradigmatique / evaluation of intervention technologies to change a health behavior : a paradigmatic challenge

Carbonnel, François 20 December 2017 (has links)
Face à la multiplication exponentielle du nombre de personnes souffrant d’une maladie chronique d’origine comportementale (e.g., tabagisme, alcoolisme, mauvaise alimentation, sédentarité), des interventions non médicamenteuses (INM) agissant sur ces comportements modifiables sont devenues incontournables en prévention et en complément des traitements. Parmi ces INM, les interventions numériques santé (INS) ouvrent un champ prometteur de changement durable de comportement de santé (e.g., objet connecté santé, application pour le téléphone, jeu vidéo). La thèse s’intéresse, au-delà de leur ergonomie et de leur fonctionnalité, à leur évaluation santé, de leur validation à leur surveillance. La première étude recense les modèles proposés dans le monde pour évaluer ces INS et les catégorise selon leurs paradigmes épistémologiques sous-jacents. Les résultats montrent une augmentation exponentielle de ces modèles et une absence de consensus ou de convergence vers un modèle comme cela a été le cas dans le médicament à la fin du XXème siècle. La deuxième étude s’appuie sur une revue systématique ayant identifié 90 essais interventionnels publiés testant les bénéfices et les risques de solutions numériques visant à lutter contre le tabagisme. Les résultats montrent une efficacité de certaines INS sur le tabagisme mais issue d’un corpus méthodologique très hétérogène limitant la portée des conclusions. Cette hétérogénéité est liée aux caractéristiques intrinsèques des INS (e.g., technologies utilisées et combinaison entre elles, multiplicité des théories du changement de comportement utilisées), aux méthodes d’évaluation utilisées (e.g., type de groupe contrôle, durée de suivi) et aux critères de jugement choisis (e.g., réduction du tabagisme ou arrêt). La discussion porte sur les limites actuelles dans la mise en évidence de l’efficacité et des risques des INS à cause d’approches paradigmatiques parallèles, le paradigme biomédical, le paradigme d’ingénierie et le paradigme comportemental. Le manque de consensus limite la comparabilité et la reproductibilité des résultats des études testant ces solutions numériques de santé. Elles restent pour la plupart à ce jour des solutions gadgets malgré un potentiel prometteur et promis par les industriels. La thèse encourage à la convergence vers un modèle consensuel de détermination du bénéfice/risque santé fondé sur la science de chaque INS et fait des propositions en ce sens. / To deal with the exponential increase of chronic diseases caused by health behavior (e.g., smoking, alcoholism, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity), non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have become essential as a prevention tool and as a complement to treatments. Among these NPIs, behavioral intervention technologies (BIT) open up a promising field to a sustainable change in health behaviour (e.g., connected health devices, smartphone health apps, serious games). Beyond their ergonomics and their features, this thesis focuses on their evaluation in health, from their validation to their surveillance. The first study identifies the existing frameworks proposed around the world to evaluate these BITs and categorizes them, based on their underlying epistemological paradigm. The results show an exponential increase of these frameworks and a lack of consensus or convergence towards a common framework, as it had been the case for the drugs, by the end of the twentieth century. The second study is based on a systematic review used to identify 90 published interventional studies evaluating the benefits and the risks of digital solutions to fight against smoking. The results show that some BITs are effective against smoking but their effectiveness is based on a heterogeneous methodological corpus limiting the significance of the results produced. This heterogeneity is related to the inherent characteristics of the BITs (e.g., employed technologies and combination of technologies, multiplicity of the theories to change health behavior), to the chosen assessment methods (e.g., kind of control group, follow-up time) and to the chosen outcome measures (e.g., smoking reduction, smoking cessation). The discussion is focused on the current limitations to demonstrate the effectiveness and the risks of the BITs., due to parallel paradigmatic approaches, the biomedical paradigm, the engineering paradigm and the behavioral paradigm. The lack of consensus limits the comparability and the reproducibility of the results of the studies evaluating these BITs. Most of them are still gadgets, despite a promising potential, as predicted by the manufacturers. This thesis promotes the convergence to a consensual framework to determine the evidence-based benefits and risks of each BITs and introduces proposals to this effect.
204

Mobilidade cicloviária em viagens a campi universitários - estudo de caso

Grau, Roberta Iza 29 July 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-25T11:01:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRIG.pdf: 2151303 bytes, checksum: 45266ebd797e709eeaa2dcb6a544eff4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T19:02:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRIG.pdf: 2151303 bytes, checksum: 45266ebd797e709eeaa2dcb6a544eff4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T19:02:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRIG.pdf: 2151303 bytes, checksum: 45266ebd797e709eeaa2dcb6a544eff4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T19:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRIG.pdf: 2151303 bytes, checksum: 45266ebd797e709eeaa2dcb6a544eff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / Não recebi financiamento / Nowadays, universitary campi are suffering from negative reflexes brought by the high motor vehicles’s rate. This rate have been troubling users’ daily commutings and could be lessened if active modes of transportation, walking and cycling, were adopted. The aim of this research was the comprehension of behaviour change capacity of an academic comunity to adopt the bicycle as a mode of transportation for commuting to São Carlos’ Federal University, São Carlos, Brasil. In this work, a survey was conducted, via internet and one-on-one interviewing, with 473 participants. The survey was adapted from Smith et al. (2004) and based on Prochaska and DiClemente (1982, 1983) Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change, MTMC. The participants were professors, technical-administrative employees, graduate and post-graduate students. The sample’s profile was of a graduate and post-graduate student, aging 18 to 35 years-old, residing up to 5 km away from the campus and using motor vehicles to commute. MTMC’s results showed the bicycle’s major motivator and barrier to be the schedule freedom and the lack of cycling infrastructure, respectively. / Atualmente, os campi universitários estão sendo atingidos pelos reflexos negativos da alta taxa de motorização, fator que tem causado problemas nos deslocamentos dos usuários e que poderiam ser amenizados caso houvesse uma maior adoção dos modais de transporte movidos a propulsão humana, modo a pé e por bicicleta. Partindo desse pressuposto, esta pesquisa visou compreender a capacidade de mudança comportamental a respeito da potencialidade da comunidade acadêmica em adotar a bicicleta como modal de transporte para ir e vir da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brasil. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foram aplicados, por meio da internet e presencialmente, 473 questionários. O questionário aplicado foi adaptado de Smith (2004) e baseado no Modelo Transteórico de Mudança Comportamental de Prochaska e DiClemente (1982, 1983). Participaram desta pesquisa professores, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, e técnicos-administrativos. Na amostra, identificou-se que a maioria dos respondentes tinham de 18 a 35 anos, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, residentes de distâncias menores que 5 km da universidade, mas que, no entanto, utilizavam o automóvel e o ônibus para acessá-la. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que, na comunidade acadêmica estudada, existia demanda de usuários da bicicleta em potencial, majoritariamente, homens, alunos de graduação, de 18 a 35 anos, residentes das regiões próximas à universidade que apontaram como principal motivador a independência no horário que a bicicleta oferecia e como uma principal barreira a falta de infraestrutura cicloviária.
205

The importance of persuasive systems design in enhancing consumers’ perceptions and adoption of health behavior change support systems

Lehto, T. (Tuomas) 24 May 2013 (has links)
Abstract The potential of information technologies to enable fundamental and enduring change in individuals’ health and well-being activities has recently gained significant research and policy attention. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in persuasive systems that are designed to induce and influence people to change their attitudes and behaviors. This dissertation consists of five studies, including two qualitative studies and three quantitative field studies (including 616 real users of such persuasive systems), that are closely related and successively build upon each other to jointly address the central research question: To what extent persuasive systems design has an influence on consumers’ intention to adopt health behavior change support systems? The foremost conceptual foundation is the work on persuasive systems design, which further elaborates the features, affordances, and capabilities of systems that can be effective in inducing short-term as well as sustained behavior. The focal point is on the four distinct categories of persuasive systems design: (i) primary task support; (ii) dialogue support; (iii) perceived system credibility; and (iv) social influence. The interplay between the categories and other related constructs, such as unobtrusiveness and design aesthetics, is investigated through rigorous statistical analyses, including partial least structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that persuasive systems design has a significant impact on consumers’ adoption of health behavior change support systems in different stages of adoption. The work addresses a problem salient to research, policy, and practice and builds upon strong theoretical and conceptual foundations. The research also extends prior technology adoption literature in information systems in a useful way by examining questions related to the design of systems in a novel and consequential domain. / Tiivistelmä Informaatioteknologian rooli ja potentiaali yksilöiden terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin edistämisessä on viime aikoina saanut merkittävää huomiota sekä tutkimuskentällä että julkisessa keskustelussa. Kasvavaa kiinnostusta on osoitettu erityisesti vakuuttaviin tietojärjestelmiin, jotka ovat suunniteltu vaikuttamaan ihmisten asenteisiin ja käyttäytymiseen. Väitöskirja koostuu yhteensä viidestä tutkimuksesta, joista kaksi on laadullisia tutkimuksia ja kolme määrällisiä kenttätutkimuksia. Kenttätutkimuksissa järjestelmiä on tutkittu yhteensä 616 loppukäyttäjällä. Väitöstyön tutkimukset liittyvät läheisesti toisiinsa ja vastaavat yhdessä keskeiseen tutkimuskysymyksen: missä määrin vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnittelumenetelmillä on vaikutusta kuluttajien aikomukseen ottaa käyttöön terveyskäyttäytymisen muutoksia tukevia järjestelmiä? Työn tärkein käsitteellinen perusta kytkeytyy vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnitteluun, jossa käsitellään yksityiskohtaisesti järjestelmien ominaisuuksia, käyttömahdollisuuksia ja valmiuksia, jotka voivat olla tehokkaita sekä lyhyen aikavälin että pysyvän käyttäytymisen muutoksen tukemisessa. Väitöstyön keskeinen näkökulma on neljässä vakuuttavan suunnittelun kategoriassa: (i) ensisijaisen tehtävän tukemisessa; (ii) käyttäjän ja järjestelmän välisen vuoropuhelun tukemisessa; (iii) järjestelmän koetussa uskottavuudessa ja (iv) sosiaalisessa vaikutuksessa. Kyseisten kategorioiden vuorovaikutusta ja yhteyksiä on tutkittu tilastollisten analyysien ja rakenneyhtälömallien kautta. Sen lisäksi työssä on paneuduttu aiheeseen tiiviisti liittyvien tekijöiden, kuten teknologian “tunkeilemattomuuden” ja suunnitteluestetiikan merkitykseen teknologian käyttöönotossa. Väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, että vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnittelumenetelmillä on merkittävä vaikutus kuluttajien aikeisiin ottaa käyttöön ja käyttää terveyskäyttäytymisen muutoksia tukevia järjestelmiä. Väitöstyö perustuu vahvaan teoreettis-käsitteelliseen viitekehykseen ja käsittelee tutkimusongelmaa, joka on relevantti tutkimuksen, käytännön sekä julkisen päätöksenteon kannalta. Väitöstutkimus lisää hyödyllisellä ja uudella tavalla tietojärjestelmätieteen tietämystä teknologioiden käyttöönottoon liittyen.
206

Fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med vidmakthållande av fysiska aktivitetsbeteenden hos personer med psykisk ohälsa

Rönnqvist, Jennifer, Liljegren, Therese January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Patienter med psykisk ohälsa så som depression och ångestsyndrom återfinns i primärvården. Fysioterapeuter är vanligtvis en av de första instanserna och fysisk aktivitet en viktig behandlingsdel. Att särskilt arbeta med vidmakthållande av fysisk aktivitet är viktigt då denna patientgrupp ofta har svårt att bibehålla detta. Syfte: Utforska erfarenheter och upplevelser hos fysioterapeuter i primärvård som arbetade med vidmakthållande av fysiska aktivitetsbeteenden i rehabiliteringen av patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Metod: Data samlades in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: 8 kategorier och 21 subkategorier framkom. Kategorierna var: ”Bygga allians tidigt”, ”Strategier för individualisering”, ”Utnyttja patientens egna resurser”, ”Belysa framsteg”, ”Former för uppföljning”, ”Hindrande faktorer”, ”Underlättande faktorer” och ”Tankar om förändring”. För att öka chanserna till att vidmakthålla fysisk aktivitet behövdes ständig avvägning av dosen fysisk aktivitet, regelbunden uppföljning samt belysa patientens framsteg. Vården upplevdes ej vara optimal då det ofta behövdes längre behandlingstider. Konklusion: Resultatet belyser viktiga komponenter i rehabiliteringen för att underlätta vidmakthållande av fysiska aktivitetsbeteenden. Fortsatt forskning behövs för att finna strategier inom vården för att hantera tidsbrist. Även vidare kartläggning kring hur fysioterapeuter bör arbeta för att få patienter att vidmakthålla träningsbeteenden behövs. Sökord: Self-efficacy, Maintenance, Mental disorders, Physical activity, Physical therapy, Behavior change teqniques / Background: Patients with mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorder are found in primary care. Physiotherapists are often the first contact and physical activity is an important part of the treatment. Working with maintenance of physical activity is important as this patient group often struggle to maintain this. Objective: Explore the experiences of physiotherapists in primary care who worked with maintaining physical activity in the rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders. Method: Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis. Results: 8 categories and 21 subcategories appeared. The categories were: "Building alliance early", "Strategies for individualization", "Utilizing patients own resources", "Promoting advances", "Forms of follow-up", "Obstacles", "Enhancing factors", and "Thoughts of change". In order to increase the chances of maintaining physical activity, constant balancing of the dose of physical activity, regular follow-up and highlighting patient progress were required. Primary care was found not to be optimal as longer treatment times were often needed. Conclusion: The result highlights important components of rehabilitation, to facilitate the maintenance of physical activity. Continued research is needed to find strategies in health care to address shortage of time. Further survey of how physiotherapists should work to get patients to maintain training behaviors is also needed. Keywords: Self-efficacy, Maintenance, Mental disorders, Physical activity, Physical therapy, Behavior change teqniques
207

Three essays in applied economics

Suarez Moran, Eugenia January 2016 (has links)
In this thesis I present three essays that explore various economic situations on strategic choices from different perspectives: the individuals’ strategic decision to work on the informal/formal sector, the US strategic decision on the provision of foreign aid, and the firm’s strategic decision to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The first essay presents an analysis on the effect of income taxes and its effect on worker’s transitions towards informality. We find that an increase in average tax rate leads to a statistically significant increase in transitions towards informality for women and those with low incomes. The second essay offers evidence of how patterns of US foreign aid to Latin America differ from aid allocation observed elsewhere. We find that while political institutions and events in recipient countries greatly influence US aid allocations, the ideological orientation of US administrations can explain part of the divergent patters of aid towards Latin America. Finally, the third essay studies two possible mechanisms that affect the decision of a firm to engage in CSR: the role of growth in value added and workers’ preferences. The results suggest that firms engage in CSR in times of economic prosperity; peer effects are increasingly important in a firm’s decision to engage in CSR when the proportion of firms within an industry increases. And finally, I find a weak link between workers’ preferences and a firm’s decision to engage in CSR activities related with diversity.
208

Persuasive design ikontexten e-handel : Persuasive Systems Design-modellen som verktyg för utvärdering av Persuasive design-element inom området e-handel / Persuasive design in the context of e-commerce : The Persuasive Systems Design model as a tool for the evaluation of Persuasive design elements within the domain of e-commerce

Sydow, André, Wicklén, Gustav January 2015 (has links)
In this paper, we examine the persuasive design in e-commerce. This is an area with a strong representation of the design elements that can be classified as persuasive (Alhammand & Gulliver, 2014). Despite this, the spread of studies investigating persuasive design elements in e-commerce basically non-existent. We use the PSD model (Oinas-Kukkonen & Harjumaa, 2009) to identify the presence of persuasive design element on four e-commerce sites through quantitative mapping. The quantitative mapping allows us to carry out a qualitative study of the PSD model as a tool for the identification of these elements in the context of e-commerce sites. We could see that a majority of the design principles were found on the investigated e-commerce sites, the presence was highest among the design principles that is about the system's credibility, as well as those that guide the user to the intended target behavior. In the evaluation of PSD model, we identified direct dependencies between individual design principles and the need for user evaluations. We found some problems with interpreting the design principles to be applied to them in the context of e-commerce, which suggests that a clarification of designprincipera would be desirable. / I den här uppsatsen undersöker vi persuasive design inom e-handel. Detta är ett område som uppvisar en kraftig representation av design-element som kan klassificeras som persuasive (Alhammand & Gulliver, 2014). Trots detta så är utbredningen av studier som undersöker persuasive design-element inom e-handel i princip obefintlig. Vi använder oss av PSD-modellen (Oinas-Kukkonen & Harjumaa, 2009) för att identifiera förekomsten av persuasive design-element på fyra stycken e-handelsplatser genom en kvantitativ kartläggning. Den kvantitativa kartläggningen gör vi för att kunna genomföra en kvalitativ undersökning av PSD-modellen som verktyg för identifiering av dessa element i kontexten e-handelsplatser. Vi kunde se att en majoritet av designprinciperna återfanns på de undersökta e-handelsplatserna, förekomsten var högst hos de designprinciper som handlar om systemets kredibilitet samt de som guidar användaren till det tänkta målbeteendet. I utvärderingen av PSD-modellen identifierade vi direkta beroenden mellan enskilda designprinciper och ett behov av användarutvärderingar. Vi fann vissa problem med att tolka designprinciperna för att kunna appliceras dem på kontexten e-handelsplats, vilket talar för att ett förtydligande av designprincipera skulle kunna vara eftersträvansvärt.
209

Studying user experience of health behavior change support systems:a qualitative approach to individuals’ perceptions of web-based interventions

Karppinen, P. (Pasi) 22 November 2016 (has links)
Abstract Behavior change support systems (BCSSs) help people to achieve personal goals that they cannot necessarily achieve on their own. Typical BCSSs include health-related systems and applications. Significant policy and research attention has been aimed at information technologies that enable behavior change in regard to individuals’ health and wellbeing activities. The aim of this dissertation is to build a comprehensive view of health BCSSs, ranging from technology adoption to engagement, persuasion, and habit formation. As its main research question, the present thesis asks: What can user experiences of health BCSS reveal about behavior change? In addition, it proposes a framework for different approaches, which can help developers solve ethical issues in their BCSS design. This dissertation comprises four qualitative studies and one conceptual study. Hermeneutics has been the most influential research method in conducting these studies. Ontologically, hermeneutics leans toward socially constructed reality. The primary conceptual lenses for interpreting the data are the BCSS framework and Persuasive Systems Design model. This thesis extends prior research on eHealth, including non-adoption, flow esperience, use adherence, habit formation, and ethics. The results emphasize that persuasive systems design can affect user experience in different stages of system adoption and learning a new, healthier lifestyle. The presented work addresses health behavior change as a complex issue. Many individuals regard system usefulness in terms of perceived value for themselves rather than in terms of the system’s instrumental value. People are less likely to use the systems if they do not fit into their daily routines. Flow experience appears not to play as fundamental part in the BCSS use experience as is expected. The results suggest that self-monitoring, reminders and tunneling can help users to achieve better outcomes. These persuasive features can help increasing subject’s compliance and commitment, which in turn can help individuals to achieve better habits. Additionally this thesis presents a framework where different ethical approaches are divided to three distinct categories. / Tiivistelmä Käyttäytymismuutosta tukevat tietojärjestelmät auttavat ihmisiä saavuttamaan henkilökohtaiset tavoitteensa, joita he eivät välttämättä yksin saavuttaisi. Tyypillisesti tällaiset järjestelmät ja applikaatiot liittyvät terveyteen. Sekä tutkimuksessa että julkishallinnossa on kiinnitetty huomiota, kuinka yksilöiden terveyttä ja hyvinvointia voidaan edistää informaatioteknologian avulla. Tämän väitöskirjan tarkoituksena on rakentaa kokonaisvaltainen näkemys terveyttä edistävistä käyttäytymismuutosta tukevista tietojärjestelmistä lähtien järjestelmän käytöstä ja osallistavuudesta, suostuttelevuuteen ja tapojen muodostumiseen. Väitöskirjan keskeisin tutkimuskysymys on: mitä käyttäjien kokemukset terveyttä edistävistä käyttäytymismuutosta tukevista tietojärjestelmistä paljastavat mitattavasta käyttäytymismuutoksesta? Lisäksi tämä väitöskirja tarjoaa viitekehyksen, joka voi auttaa suunnittelijoita ratkaisemaan eettisiä ongelmakohtia, kun he suunnittelevat käyttäytymismuutosta tukevia tietojärjestelmiä. Väitöskirja pitää sisällään neljä kvalitatiivista osajulkaisua ja yhden konseptuaalisen osajulkaisun. Hermeneutiikka on osajulkaisujen kannalta keskeisin tutkimusmenetelmä. Ontologisesti hermeneutiikka nojaa sosiaalisesti konstruoituun todellisuuteen. Aineiston tulkitsemisen kannalta keskeisimmät konseptuaaliset viitekehykset ovat olleet BCSS framework ja Persuasive Systems Design model. Väitöskirja laajentaa aiempaa tutkimuksellista näkökulmaa eHealth-teemasta pitäen sisällään näkökulmat järjestelmän hylkäämisestä, flow-kokemuksesta, järjestelmän käyttöön sitoutumisesta, elintapojen muodostumisesta ja eettisyydestä. Väitöskirjan tulokset korostavat, että suostuttelevien järjestelmien suunnittelumenetelmät voivat vaikuttaa käyttäjäkokemukseen eri vaiheissa järjestelmän käyttöönotosta uuden terveellisemmän elintavan omaksumiseen. Väitöskirjassa esitellyt osajulkaisut osoittavat, että terveyttä edistävä käyttäytymismuutos on monimutkainen kokonaisuus. Moni haastatelluista koki järjestelmän hyödyllisyyden liittyvän enemmän itsensä kehittämiseen kuin välineelliseen hyötyyyn. Ihmiset olivat vastentahtoisia käyttämään järjestelmää, jos se ei sopinut heidän arkielämäänsä. Väitöskirjan tulokset antavat ymmärtää, että itsemonitorointi, muistutukset ja tunnelointi auttavat käyttäytymismuutosta tukevien tietojärjestelmien käyttäjiä saavuttamaan parempia lopputuloksia. Nämä suostuttelevat elementit voivat helpottaa käyttäjiä noudattamaan ohjeita ja sitoutumaan muutosprosessiin kohti terveellisempiä elämäntapoja. Väitöskirja tarjoaa lisäksi viitekehyksen, jossa erilaiset eettiset lähestymistavat on jaotelty kolmeen eriteltävään kategoriaan.
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Socially influencing systems:persuading people to engage with publicly displayed Twitter-based systems

Stibe, A. (Agnis) 01 September 2014 (has links)
Abstract Organizations continuously strive to engage customers in the services development process. The social web facilitates this process by enabling novel channels for voluntary feedback-sharing and collaborative interaction through social media and technologically advanced environments. The component parts of these environments are information systems that are linked with social media and designed for large displays to support interactivity. The work performed during this research involved the design and assessment of operational software features for encouraging user engagement through publicly displayed information systems. Drawing upon socio-psychological theories and interconnecting them to the seven social influence design principles listed in the Persuasive Systems Design model, this dissertation examines the role of persuasive software features in altering human behavior with respect to engagement in feedback-sharing and collaborative interaction. The dissertation consists of five quantitative studies, including one Twitter survey (involving 403 respondents) and four experiments with publicly displayed Twitter-based systems (involving 284 users), that successively complement each other to address the main research question: How can social influence design principles persuade people to engage with publicly displayed systems that are integrated with social media? The results of these studies reveal interplay between the design principles and indicate that they have the capacity to improve the persuasiveness of information systems and predict the behavioral intentions of users to engage with such systems in the future. Based on these findings, a framework for studying socially influencing systems (SIS) is proposed. This framework is potentially instrumental in achieving a richer understanding of how to effectively harness social influence for enhanced user engagement through socio-technical environments and for the future development of persuasive information systems. / Tiivistelmä Organisaatioiden palvelukehityksen tavoitteena on sitouttaa ja innostaa asiakkaita. Sosiaalinen verkko edistää tätä prosessia tarjoamalla uusia väyliä niin vapaaehtoiselle palautteenjaolle kuin sosiaalisessa mediassa ja edistyneissä teknologisissa ympäristöissä tapahtuvalle interaktiiviselle yhteistyöllekin. Nämä ympäristöt koostuvat tietojärjestelmistä, jotka on yhdistetty sosiaaliseen mediaan, ja jotka on suunniteltu interaktiota edistäville suurille näytöille. Tässä tutkimuksessa on suunniteltu ja arvioitu ohjelmisto-ominaisuuksia, joiden tarkoitus on suostutella ja osallistuttaa julkisesti esilläolevien tietojärjestelmien ja näyttöjen kautta. Tutkimus nojaa sosiopsykologiseen teoriapohjaan, ja yhdistää näitä seitsemään sosiaalisen vaikuttamisen suunnitteluperiaatteeseen, jotka on kuvattu vaikuttavien suunnittelumenetelmien mallissa. Tämä väitöstyö tutkii vaikuttavien ohjelmistollisten ominaisuuksien osuutta käyttäytymisen muuttamisessa kohdistuen erityisesti siihen, miten loppukäyttäjää voidaan suostutella jakamaan palautetta ja ottamaan osaa interaktiiviseen yhteistyöhön. Työ koostuu viidestä määrällisestä tutkimuksesta, jotka vastaavat tutkimuskysymykseen: kuinka sosiaalisen vaikuttamisen suunnitteluperiaatteet voivat suostutella ja vakuuttaa ihmiset käyttämään julkisesti esilläolevia järjestelmiä, jotka on yhdistetty sosiaaliseen mediaan? Tutkimuksista yksi on Twitter-kyselytutkimus (403 vastaajaa) ja neljä tutkimusta tehtiin julkisesti esilläolevalla Twitter-pohjaisella järjestelmällä (284 vastaajaa). Tutkimusten tulokset osoittavat mainittujen suunnitteluperiaatteiden keskinäisen vuorovaikutuksen, sekä kuinka niiden avulla voidaan parantaa tietojärjestelmien vaikuttavuutta ja ennustaa tulevaa käyttöä. Tutkimustulosten pohjalta työssä luodaan viitekehys sosiaalisesti vaikuttavien järjestelmien tutkimukseen. Tämä viitekehys on keskeisessä asemassa pyrittäessä saavuttamaan syvällisempi ymmärrys siitä, kuinka käyttäjiä voidaan suostutella hyödyntämällä sosiaalista vaikuttamista. Viitekehystä voidaan käyttää myös vaikuttavien järjestelmien kehittämisessä.

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