The Student RAG Community Service (SRCS), a unique non-governmental organisation (NGO) of the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University, aims to support and to enable other NGOs to function independently. For this reason, the communication between the SRCS and these NGOs is viewed from the sub discipline of development communication, with the participative approach currently being perceived as the normative approach to communication for development. Communication between the SRCS and representatives of the NGOs should therefore conform to the principles of the participative approach to development communication to contribute to empowerment and development. The principles of the participative approach that was identified as relevant to this study are participation, dialogue, cultural sensitivity, to enable the community to be self-reliant and community development. This study is qualitative in nature and the research methods used to gather information about the nature of communication between the SRCS and the representatives of the projects are qualitative content analysis, partially structured interviews and observer–participant reporting. Although this study has focused only on early child development projects, the nature of these projects and their communication varied to a large extent. The overall conclusion of this study is that there are gaps in the participative communication between the SRCS and the representatives of all the researched projects. The type of communication between the SRCS and early childhood development projects did not conform to the principles of cultural sensitivity, community development and the enablement of the community to be self-reliant. These gaps are attributed in part to the present documentation of the SRCS (2010 annual report, portfolio descriptions, transfer reports and minutes of 2010’s and 2011’s meetings) as well as the fact that this NGO’s training guidelines do not emphasise the importance of participatory principles, and do not offer sufficient training in the implementation of these principles to its various members. Although the results indicate that the communication between the SRCS and the representatives of the projects presently does not conform to the principles of participative communication, the organisation is committed to addressing these gaps in future. / Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Orientation: Emotions at work have been considered as an important facet of employees’ work life. However, research regarding the investigation of the emotion experiences at work per se has been lacking. Research Purpose: The general objective of this study is to critically investigate what emotion events are experienced and how these events are appraised for them to result in specific emotions. Motivation for the study: Currently a lack of research regarding emotion experiences as a process exists. Research design, approach and method: To investigate emotion experiences as a process a Qualitative study was conducted among one hundred (n=100) professional mining employees using The Critical Incident Technique Approach. Main findings: 84% of the participants experienced negative emotion events and a mere 14% of participants experienced positive emotion events at work. Negative emotion events were appraised as negative and participants indicated not having control or power over the events, yet adaption was possible. Negative emotions included: anger, disgust and sadness. Positive emotion events were appraised as positive even though the participants reported not having control or power over the situation. Participant did report being able to live with the consequences. Positive emotions provoked included joy, pleasure and pride. Practical/managerial implications: When the emotion experiences of employees are investigated as a process, better understanding of emotions will be gained which will enable the implementation of the most appropriate interventions to fulfil individual needs and reaching organisational goals. Contribution/value-adding: Existing research on the emotion experience as a process has been lacking especially in the South African context. This study will thus contribute to research regarding the investigation of the emotion experience as a process and not mere independent components. / MA (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Daar is baie onbeskryfde ruimtes en identiteite in Suid–Afrika; gemeenskappe waarvan die woordkunspotensiaal van die vertellers en skrywers nie ontgin is nie. Die kompleksiteit van die Suid–Afrikaanse samelewing, veral met betrekking tot taal en die geletterdheidskontinuum, veroorsaak dat gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte nie op n eendimensionele vlak beskou kan word nie. In een gemeenskap is daar byvoorbeeld lede wat steeds in die mondelinge tradisie funksioneer, maar ook ander vir wie die skriftelike tradisie toeganklik is. n Nuwe, sogenaamde “sekondêre mondelinge tradisie” speel ook n rol, en daar is komplekse intervlakke tussen hierdie tradisies. In elke gemeenskap deel mense mini–narratiewe met mekaar, maar is daar ook meesternarratiewe waardeur die betrokke gemeenskap, en die samelewing as geheel, beïnvloed word. Die oorkoepelende doel van die studie is om vas te stel watter rol oraliteit en identiteit speel in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns in Suid–Afrika. As navorsingsmetode word daar vanuit n heuristiese en interpretatiewe benadering afleidings uit bestaande literatuur en gevallestudies gemaak. Die studie bestaan uit n teoretiese en praktiese deel. Die teoretiese deel behels n metateoretiese raamwerk wat uit die literatuurstudie gevorm word. Dit vorm as't ware die “bril” waardeur die res van die studie beskou word. Drie teoretiese sfere word betrek, naamlik (1) identiteit en ruimte, (2) die woordkuns en (3) gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Tydens die praktiese deel word daar veral van die praktykgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gebruik gemaak, asook op deelnemende waarneming en outo–etnografie gesteun. Insigte word uit twee gevallestudies oor gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte en die bespreking van n aantal eenmalige woordkuns–projekte verkry. Uit beide die teoretiese en praktiese dele van die navorsing word sekere merkers afgelei wat vir die skep van n model ter bevordering van die woordkuns in Suid–Afrika gebruik word. Die model is nie algemeen geldend nie; dit bied slegs beginsels wat as riglyne in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns kan dien. Na afloop van die navorsing word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beide oraliteit en identiteit n sentrale rol in die woordkuns van gemeenskappe speel. Daar word gevind dat daar verskeie verbande bestaan tussen die identiteit en ruimte van n gemeenskap en die manier waarop hulle hulself in woordkuns uitdruk. Verder word vasgestel dat n deelnemende benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling as n toepaslike filosofiese raamwerk vir gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte kan dien. Die benadering word ook (met inagneming van die konsepte ruimte en identiteit) as raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling van die model ter bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns gebruik. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Daar is baie onbeskryfde ruimtes en identiteite in Suid–Afrika; gemeenskappe waarvan die woordkunspotensiaal van die vertellers en skrywers nie ontgin is nie. Die kompleksiteit van die Suid–Afrikaanse samelewing, veral met betrekking tot taal en die geletterdheidskontinuum, veroorsaak dat gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte nie op n eendimensionele vlak beskou kan word nie. In een gemeenskap is daar byvoorbeeld lede wat steeds in die mondelinge tradisie funksioneer, maar ook ander vir wie die skriftelike tradisie toeganklik is. n Nuwe, sogenaamde “sekondêre mondelinge tradisie” speel ook n rol, en daar is komplekse intervlakke tussen hierdie tradisies. In elke gemeenskap deel mense mini–narratiewe met mekaar, maar is daar ook meesternarratiewe waardeur die betrokke gemeenskap, en die samelewing as geheel, beïnvloed word. Die oorkoepelende doel van die studie is om vas te stel watter rol oraliteit en identiteit speel in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns in Suid–Afrika. As navorsingsmetode word daar vanuit n heuristiese en interpretatiewe benadering afleidings uit bestaande literatuur en gevallestudies gemaak. Die studie bestaan uit n teoretiese en praktiese deel. Die teoretiese deel behels n metateoretiese raamwerk wat uit die literatuurstudie gevorm word. Dit vorm as't ware die “bril” waardeur die res van die studie beskou word. Drie teoretiese sfere word betrek, naamlik (1) identiteit en ruimte, (2) die woordkuns en (3) gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Tydens die praktiese deel word daar veral van die praktykgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gebruik gemaak, asook op deelnemende waarneming en outo–etnografie gesteun. Insigte word uit twee gevallestudies oor gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte en die bespreking van n aantal eenmalige woordkuns–projekte verkry. Uit beide die teoretiese en praktiese dele van die navorsing word sekere merkers afgelei wat vir die skep van n model ter bevordering van die woordkuns in Suid–Afrika gebruik word. Die model is nie algemeen geldend nie; dit bied slegs beginsels wat as riglyne in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns kan dien. Na afloop van die navorsing word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beide oraliteit en identiteit n sentrale rol in die woordkuns van gemeenskappe speel. Daar word gevind dat daar verskeie verbande bestaan tussen die identiteit en ruimte van n gemeenskap en die manier waarop hulle hulself in woordkuns uitdruk. Verder word vasgestel dat n deelnemende benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling as n toepaslike filosofiese raamwerk vir gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte kan dien. Die benadering word ook (met inagneming van die konsepte ruimte en identiteit) as raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling van die model ter bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns gebruik. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Across the world children are affected by factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, divorce and loss. More organisations are getting involved in the training of voluntary counsellors. Although these counsellors have the necessary theoretical knowledge they still experience problems in working effectively with these children. Possible reasons for this are these counsellors' own unfinished issues and loss. Within this study the focus is on creating awareness for counsellors within training situations from a Gestalt approach. As part of the fulfilment of the literature study an empirical study has been done. A qualitative study with a small portion of quantitative research has been done with the implementation of a training programme for voluntary counsellors. Various mediums were used to create heightened self-awareness with regard to various topics. Training guidelines are than given for creating awareness within training situations for voluntary counsellors. / Dwarsoor die wereld word kinders beinvloed deur faktore soos armoede, HIV/VIGS, egskeiding en verlies. Al meer organisasies, soos Philippi Trust Namibia, raak betrokke in die opleiding van vrywillige beraders, ten einde bekostigbare dienste vir hierdie kinders daar te stel. Alhoewel hierdie beraders oor voldoende teoretiese kennis beskik, ervaar hulle steeds probleme om effektief met kinders te werk. Moontlike redes is vrywillige beraders se eie onvoltooidhede en verlies. Binne hierdie studie word op die bewusmaking van beraders binne opleidingsituasies gefokus ten einde selfbelewing daar te stel. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen waartydens aspekte bekom is: teoretiese perspektief op die volgende > Bewustheid en die vrywillige berader vanuit die Gestalt-benadering. > Riglyne binne opleidingsituasies vir verhoogde bewustheidsbelewing. Deur bogenoemde teoretiese perspektief word die eerste navorsingsdoelwit van die studie beantwoord. Ter aanvulling van die literatuurstudie is empiriese ondersoek ondermeem. Kwalitatiewe studie met kleiner komponent van kwantitatiewe navorsing is voltooi deur die implementering van 'n program vir vrywillige beraders. Die program het oor vyf dae geskied. Verskeie mediums is gebruik om selfbelewing rondom spesifieke onderwerpe te verhoog. Deur bogenoemde empiriese ondersoek word die tweede doelwit van die studie beantwoord. Na aanleiding van die studie word opleidingsriglyne vir die verhoging van bewustheid binne opleidingsituasies vir vrywillige beraders daargestel. / Social work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing belig en evalueer die ontwikkeling van die belangrikste wereldbeskouinge binne die Westerse kultuur deur op noodsaaklike interaksies tussen die filosofie, religie, wetenskap en geskiedenis te konsentreer. 'n Samehangende weergawe van die veranderende werklikheid is slegs moontlik wanneer die mens op historiese gebied goed onderle is. In die antieke wereld het Vorrne en Idees tydlose waarde gehad. Begrippe as skeppinge van die mens is as uitdrukkinge van die meer fundamentele idees of diepste werklikheid beskou. Hierdie Idees het die outentieke werklikheid en hoe die mens behoort te !ewe onverborge gemaak. 'n Fundamentele epogale verandering ('n Kopernikaanse omwenteling) in die perspektief en beeld van die modeme wereldbeskouing het met Descartes ingetree en sou by Kant 'n hoogtepunt bereik. Met die agteruitgang van die Christendom het die wetenskap meteens sy aanspraak op 'n nugtere benadering van die konkrete werklikheid versterk en as die bevryder van die mensdom na vore getree. Die mens is op radikale wyse uit die middelpunt van die Totale Werklikheid (Syn) verplaas. Hierdie verplasing is deur Darwin se relativisme versterk, soda! die wereld sonder geestelike doel en sin gelaat is. Die postmodeme intellektuele era toon 'n besondere kompleksiteit, besluiteloosheid en gebrek aan konsensus oor die wese van die werklikheid en die ongeslotenheid daarvan. Dit bied egter ongeewenaarde moontlikhede en perspektiewe sodat sake van die dag deurskou kan word en probleme opgelos kan word. Eietydse geskiedenis toon 'n universele neiging tot destruksie, maar ook 'n strewe na politieke, sosiale en fi!osofiese hemuwing. Dit wil voorkom of dit die regte tydstip is vir 'n metamorfose ('n periagoge') van fundamentele beginsels en simbole. Die Westerse denke behoort met die grondslae van sy bestaan of die Totale Werklikheid (Syn) te skakel om 'n groter eenheid te verkry en menslike ontheemding te transendeer. Die besinnende ofmetaparadigmatiese benadering kan 'n balans tussen berekende en besinnende denke bring en openheid vir 'n outentieke postmoderne denkmodel skep. Vertroue en geloof is nodig om die drumpel na die mees basiese werklikbeidstruktuur oor te steek. / This research elucidates and evaluates the development of the major worldviews of the Western culture by focusing on the crucial sphere of interaction between philosophy, religion, science and history. A coherent account of the changing conception of reality seems to be possible only to the extent to which one is historically informed. In the ancient world Forms and Ideas were timeless. Conceptual abstractions as creations of the human mind were expressions of the more fundamental ideas or deepest reality. These ideas unveiled authentic reality and how one should conduct life. A fundamental epochal shift (a Copernican revolution) in the perspective and fundamental metaphor of the entire modem worldview began with Descartes and culminated in Kant. Christianity was undermined and science suddenly stood forth as mankind's liberation appealing to common sense and concrete reality. The radical displacement of the human being from the centre of Total Reality (Being) was reinforced by Darwin's relativism of the human being, leading to a world devoid of spiritual purpose and intrinsic meaning. The postmodern intellectual era is profoundly complex, without consensus of the nature of reality, it is open-ended, but blessed with an unprecedented wealth of perspectives to engage the issues confronting it and to solve problems. Contemporary history reflects a universal mood of destruction but also a longing for political, social and philosophical renewal. It seems to be the right moment for a metamorphosis (a periagoge') of fundamental principles and symbols. The deepest passion of the Western mind should be to reunite with the ground of its being, to reconnect with Total Reality (Being), embrace a larger unity and transcend human alienation. The reflective or metaparadigmatic approach seems to create a balance between calculative and reflective thinking and create the necessary openness for an authentic postmodern model of thought. A threshold needs to be crossed demanding trust and faith to bring about the most basic structure of reality. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van Opvoedkunde)

Text in Afrikaans / The goal with the research is firstly is to study and theoretically describe the interpersonal style repertoire of middle level managers according to the interpersonal approach and more specifically the 1982 Interpersonal Circle. Secondly the interpersonal development interventions and the development process for middle level managers were discussed from this approach. The third theoretical goal involved compiling a interpersonal development programme for middle level managers. The empirical goals of the research involved the evaluation of the interpersonal style repertoires of middle level managers by means of self and fellow manager evaluations in an attempt to get an indication of the most prominent interpersonal styles of middle level managers. Furthermore the empirical investigation involved an analysis of the influence of the interpersonal development programme in expanding the interpersonal style repertoires of middle level managers. The results of the self evaluations suggest that the warm-friendly, deferent-trusting, assureddominant and sociable-exhibitionistic styles are the primary styles of the 263 middle managers in the sample. Their evaluations by the 82 fellow managers seem to indicate that the warmfriendly, assured-dominant, deferent-trusting, and sociable-exhibitionistic styles are the most prominent interpersonal styles of middle level managers. Although these results seem to correspond to the teoretically applicable style repertoires of middle level managers the scores were all below average. XIV With the interpersonal development programme an attempt was made to make the group of 32 managers aware of their own interpersonal style repertoires and to provide them with the opportunity to study the way in which these are used in interpersonal transactions during a experiential learning experience. The development interventions, process and the influence of the development programme are also discussed. / Die doel met hierdie navorsmg is eerstens om die interpersoonlike stylrepertoire van middelvlakbestuurders aan die hand van die interpersoonlike benadering en meer spesifiek 1982 Interpersoonlike Sirkel, te bestudeer en teoreties te beskryf. Tweedens is die interpersoonlike ontwikkelingsintervensies en -ontwikkelingsproses vir middelvlakbestuurders vanuit die benadering beskryf. Die derde teoretiese doelstelling het die samestelling van 'n interpersoonlike ontwikkelingsprogram vir middelvlakbestuurders behels. Wat die empiriese doelstellings in die navorsing betref, is die interpersoonlike stylrepertoire van middelvlakbestuurders deur middel van self- en medebestuurderevaluasies geevalueer om sodoende 'n aanduiding van die mees prominente interpersoonlike style van middelvlakbestuuders te kry. Verder het die empiriese ondersoek ook 'n ontleding van die invloed van die interpersoonlike ontwikkelingsprogram op die uitbreiding van middelvlakbestuurders se interpersoonlike style ingesluit. Die resultate van hulle selfevaluasies suggereer <lat die warm-vriendelik, geleidend-vertrouend, versekerd-dominant en sosiaal-ekshibisionistiese style die primere interpersoonlike style van die steekproef van 263 middelvlakbestuurders is. Wat die resultate van die evaluasies van die 82 medebestuurders betref, blyk dit dat die warm-vriendelik, versekerd-dominant, geleidendvertrouend en sosiaal-ekshibisionistiese style as die mees prominente style is. XVI Alhoewel hierdie resultate in 'n groot mate met die teoereties-toepaslike stylrepertoire van middelvlakbestuurders ooreenstem, was al die tellings ondergemiddeld. Met die interpersoonlike ontwikkelingsprogram is daar gepoog om 'n bewustheid by 'n groep van 32 bestuurders van hulle eie interpersoonlike stylrepertoire te kweek, en om hulle die geleentheid te bied om die interpersoonlike transakies waarin die style na vore tree, tydens 'n eksperimentele leerondervinding te bestudeer. Die gedragsontwikkelingsintervensies, die gedragsontwikkelingsproses en die invloed van die ontwikkelingsprogram word ook bespreek / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com (Bedryfsielkunde)

Currently a need for auditory processing test material for the identification of auditory processing disorders in children exists in the South African context. The purpose of this study was the Afrikaans translation and cultural adaptation of the SCAN-C: Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Children-Revised (Keith, 2000a) and to determine the appropriateness thereof for preschool children. To achieve the objective of this study the research was performed in three phases and quantitative-descriptive research was utilized, with different methods for each of the phases. In Phase I the SCAN-C (Keith, 2000a) was translated and culturally adapted into Afrikaans for learners in Grade R. In Phase II the Siftingstoets vir Ouditiewe Prosesseringsafwykings (STOPA) was reviewed by speech-language therapists and/or audiologists as well as Grade R teachers (n = 11) by means of a customized questionnaire to determine appropriateness of the STOPA. A pilot study was conducted on Grade R learners (n = 10) before the STOPA was finalized and recorded. In Phase III the STOPA was performed on Grade R learners identified with normal auditory processing (n = 16) as well as Grade R learners identified with an auditory processing disorder (n = 14) to determine the validity and accuracy of the STOPA. The results indicated that the STOPA is age and culturally appropriate but that the validity and accuracy of the STOPA could not yet be proved. Clinical implications for identification, diagnosis and intervention for children with auditory processing disorders were discussed in order to provide the audiologist and speech-language therapist with evidence-based principles for clinical practice. Implications for further research include refining the STOPA during which normative data should be obtained. This study can therefore be viewed as the first step to standardize the STOPA, as well as to develop test material for other language and culture groups for the early identification of auditory processing disorders in children. / Dissertation (M (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / Unrestricted

The use of drugs by children are increasing in all communities and children who are using drugs for the first time are getting younger. This contributes to the fact that the use of drugs by primary school children in the pre-adolescent developing phase is increasing. During this developmental phase, the family of the child in which he/she grows up, plays an important role in the socialization of the child. Early exposure of the child to dysfunctional patterns within the family may contribute to the possible experimentation with drugs as a way for the child to compensate for the loss of emotional security. Due to the increasing reports of the pre-adolescent who uses drugs, the researcher was motivated to explore the factors that probably maintain this phenomenon. A research question to guide this research was formulated as follow: To what extent can the family's dynamics and functioning contribute to the experimentation and upkeep of drug abuse by the child in the primary school? A qualitative research design was used in order to explore the research question. Findings showed that the quality of the family system and the way in which the family functions, may contribute to the drug use of the child who is in the pre-adolescent developmental phase. / Dissertation (MSD (Research))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The aim of this study is to explore the assets that are available in the context of the school of industries that will promote the youth at risk’s psycho-social development using the asset based approach. The researcher followed a qualitative research approach guided by an interpretivist epistemology and employed a case study design in the natural environment. Multiple data collection methods (interviews, focus groups and documentation) were used in order to gain rich descriptions of the participants’ perceptions of assets available for the enhancement of the adolescent’s psycho-social development. Results indicate that many assets for example, human as well as physical resources, structures and procedures are currently used and can be effectively mobilized in the future at schools of industries to promote the development of the adolescent on personal, social and moral levels. Placement at a school of industries is beneficial to the youth at risk because he can continue his schooling and therapeutic counseling is available which will empower him to successfully return to the community. Dysfunctions in the system involved with the placement of youth at risk at schools of industries are currently preventing the use of the school of industries, involved in this research, as a community asset for the child- and youth care system. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted