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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Robust Bode Methods for Feedback Controller Design of Uncertain Systems

Taylor, Jonathan 01 August 2014 (has links)
In this work, we introduce several novel approaches to feedback controller design, known collectively as the “Robust Bode” methods, which adapt classical control principles to a modern robust control (H∞) framework. These methods, based on specially modified Bode diagrams extend familiar frequency-domain controller design techniques to linear and nonlinear, single–input/single– output (SISO) and multi–input/multi–output (MIMO) systems with parametric and/or unstructured uncertainties. In particular, we introduce the Contoured Robust Controller Bode (CRCBode) plots which show contours (level-sets) of a robust metric on the Bode magnitude and phase plots of the controller. An iterative loop shaping design procedure is then employed in an attempt to eliminate all intersections of the controller frequency response with certain forbidden regions indicating that a robust stability and performance criteria is satisfied. For SISO systems a robust stability and performance criterion is derived using Nyquist arguments leading to the robust metric used in the construction of the CRCBode plots. For open-loop unstable systems and for non-minimum phase systems the Youla parametrization of all internally stabilizing controllers is used to develop an alternative Robust Bode method (QBode). The Youla parametrization requires the introduction of state-space methods for coprime factorization, and these methods lead naturally to an elegant connection between linear-quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control theory and Robust Bode loop-shaping controller design. Finally, the Robust Bode approach is extended to MIMO systems. Utilizing a matrix norm based robustness metric on the MIMO CRCBode plots allows cross-coupling between all input/output channels to be immediately assessed and accounted for during the design process, making sequential MIMO loop-shaping controller design feasible.
12

Analyse typologique et thermique des maisons anciennes de Lille : Etude expérimentale et numérique des parois verticales / Thermal analysis of Lille's old houses and assessment of different configurations of thermal insulation of their walls

Sassine, Emilio 05 July 2013 (has links)
Le secteur des logements présente un potentiel non négligeable d'économies d'énergie surtout au niveau du chauffage qui constitue une part importante des factures énergétiques en France. Notre travail s'inscrit dans l'optique de réduction des consommations énergétiques des logements en étudiant le transfert thermique dans les parois opaques du bâti ancien et en étudiant différentes configurations et différents types d'isolants thermiques. Après une analyse du contexte et des enjeux de la problématique énergétique des bâtiments anciens, nous avons abordé une analyse typologique des maisons anciennes lilloises en identifiant les quatre familles principales de typologies : la maison de courée, la maison ouvrière, la maison de ville et la maison bourgeoise ; en identifiant ainsi leurs ressemblances et leur variantes. Ensuite, nous avons étudié en détails le transfert thermique dans un mur en brique caractéristique de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais; une étude expérimentale a été comparée à diverses approches théoriques en divers régimes (régime permanent, régime harmonique et régime quelconque). Après l'étude du mur dans son état initial (avant isolation), nous avons caractérisé expérimentalement cinq matériaux isolants (polystyrène, laine de bois, laine de mouton, lin et métisse) pour étudier ensuite leur apport en termes de réduction de déperditions thermiques pour le mur étudié. Nous avons appliqué expérimentalement 3 cm de polystyrène pour l'isolation du mur afin de valider la méthode théorique. Une fois cette dernière validée, une comparaison de différents matériaux isolants et différentes configurations (isolation par l'intérieur et isolation par l'extérieur) a été établie afin d'identifier la configuration et le(s) matériau(x) le(s) plus intéressant(s). Enfin, des simulations thermiques dynamiques à l'échelle du bâtiment ont été réalisées pour les différentes typologies dans le but de valider les résultats obtenus à l'échelle du mur, de comparer les performances énergétiques des différentes typologies et de quantifier les économies d'énergie possibles pour différents bouquets de travaux d'isolation. / The housing sector has a significant energy saving potential especially in terms of heating which constitutes an important part of energy bills in France. Our work joins the optics of reducing energy consumption of housing by studying heat transfer in the opaque walls of old buildings and studying different configurations and types of thermal insulation materials. After an analysis of the context and the energy’s problematic of old buildings, we discussed a typological analysis of Lille’s old houses by identifying four main families of typologies: the “courée” house, the worker’s house, the town house and the mansion, thereby identifying their similarities and variations. Then, we thoroughly studied the heat transfer in a brick wall characteristic of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region; an experimental study was compared to various theoretical approaches in various regimes (steady state, harmonic, and random regime). After the study of the wall in its initial state (before insulation), we experimentally characterized five insulating materials (polystyrene, wood wool, sheep wool, linen and recycled textile) in order to study then their contribution in terms of heat losses’ reduction through the studied wall. We experimentally applied 3 cm of polystyrene wall insulation to validate the theoretical method. Once it was validated, a comparison of different insulating materials and configurations (interior insulation and external insulation) was established to identify the most interesting configuration and insulation material(s). Finally, dynamic thermal simulations on the building scale were carried out for the different buildings typologies in order to validate the results obtained on the wall scale, to compare the energy performance of the different building typologies, and quantify the energy savings potential for thermal insulation scenarios.
13

An Approach for Calculating the Limiting Bandwidth-Reflection Coefficient Product for Microstrip Patch Antennas.

Ghorbani, A., Abd-Alhameed, Raed, McEwan, Neil J., Zhou, Dawei January 2006 (has links)
No / The bandwidth of a microstrip patch antenna is expressed in terms of minimum achievable reflection coefficient using an equivalent circuit and the Bode-Fano theory. The bandwidth-reflection coefficient product is found to be proportional to antenna height and largely independent of feed probe position, for small bandwidths. The product can be computed directly from a numerical evaluation of the first-order Bode-Fano integral. Curves are presented showing how the product becomes limited by the feed probe inductance at very large bandwidths. It is concluded that this effect is unlikely to be a limit on the potential bandwidth of a practical patch antenna. If as a minimal correction the feed inductance is tuned out, the realized bandwidth with low order matching or optimal over-coupling shows the expected relationship to the theoretical limit.
14

Analysis of a Small-Signal Model of a PWM DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter in CCM

Lee, Julie JoAnn 12 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.
15

Relação da força muscular de membros superiores e inferiores e índices de gravidade na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Marino, Diego Marmorato 16 February 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2257.pdf: 1719457 bytes, checksum: a8bbb05ab969a42bf231021b441fe5f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Introduction: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present a decrease in peripheral muscle strength, leading to impaired mobility and increased death risk. However, there are a lack of studies that verify if the peripheral muscle strength have relationship with the BODE index scale and fat-free mass. Objectives: To verify the relationship between maximum upper-limb (UL) muscle strength and lower-limb (LL) muscle strength with a BODE index, isolated variables and fat-free mass in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD. Methods: Twenty-six individuals with moderate to very severe COPD (FEV1<80% of predict) were evaluated regarding body composition (body mass index-BMI and fat-free mass), BODE index, handgrip force (HGF) and one repetition maximum test (1RM) of the UL and LL. Results: Observed moderate to strong positive correlation (Pearson, p <0.05) between peripheral muscle strength with the fat-free mass and distance walked in the six-minute walk test (6MWD). However, the BODE index were not correlated with force measurement or fat-free mass. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the evaluation of peripheral muscle strength is not related to the BODE index. In such case, the peripheral muscle force measures need be used assisting the assessment of COPD subjects performance. / Introdução: Indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) apresentam redução da força muscular periférica, conduzindo à mobilidade prejudicada e aumento do risco de morte. No entanto, há uma escassez de estudos que verificam se a força muscular periférica tem relação com o índice BODE e a massa magra. Objetivos: Verificar se há relação entre a força muscular de membros superiores (MMSS) e membros inferiores (MMII) com índice BODE, suas variáveis isoladas e massa magra em indivíduos com DPOC apresentando obstrução moderada a muito grave. Métodos: Vinte e seis indivíduos com DPOC moderada a muito grave (VEF1<80% do previsto) foram avaliados quanto à composição corporal (índice de massa corpórea IMC e massa magra), índice BODE, força de preensão palmar (FPP) e teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) dos MMSS e MMII. Resultados: Observou-se correlação positiva moderada a forte (Pearson, p<0,05) entre a força muscular periférica com a massa magra e distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). No entanto, o índice BODE não se correlacionou com parâmetros de força ou massa magra. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a avaliação da força muscular periférica não se relaciona com o índice BODE. Neste sentido, as medidas de força muscular periférica devem ser utilizadas auxiliando a avaliação da performance dos indivíduos com DPOC.
16

Uma escola (in)visível: memórias de professoras negras em Porto Velho no início do século XX

Sampaio, Sonia Maria Gomes [UNESP] 20 December 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sampaio_smg_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1149455 bytes, checksum: 49f1e8d13db113ef78ee6decbff4f285 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cette thèse cherche initialement à reconstituer et présenter une école au début du XX siècle à Porto Velho, au départ des mémoires des récits de professeurs noirs descendants des travailleurs barbadiens qui sont venus travailler dans la construction de la « Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamoré – E.F.M.M. », et qui étaient des étudiants à l‟école appelée « dos categas » logée dans des espaces différents de la colline « Alto do Bode » et qui présentait un modèle d‟éducation n‟est pas envisagé, car la ville n‟avait pas des écoles. L‟objectif de cette étude est de présenter, au-delà de l‟école, les mémoires de trois professeurs, les sujets de la recherche, du fonctionnement et des aspects pédagogiques qui soutenaient la pratique de l‟école, ainsi comme l‟aspect mobile, puisque l‟école ne fonctionne pas dans un endroit fixe. Analyser les mémoires en tant que substance sociale du processus historique expérimenté et comme le gardien de l‟individuel et du collectif par rapport à d‟autres aspects comme le langage, l‟identité, l‟affection, la religion, les valeurs et les visions du monde est aussi notre but. Le texte de la thèse est divisé en quatre sections dont la première traite de l‟occupation et exploitation des espaces amazoniques jusqu‟au début de la E.F.M.M.; la seconde présente les Barbadiens, l‟espace dans lequel ils vivaient, l‟école qu‟ils ont construit et comment ils pensaient et ils faisaient l‟éducation; la troisième se constitue de la présentation et l‟analyse des mémoires de l‟école et d‟autres catégories ; la quatrième montre comment c‟est donné la tentative d‟effacer la colline « Alto do Bode » et la tentative de rendre invisible par le gouvernement les marques sociales laissées par les Barbadiens. De cette façon la thèse montre l‟histoire de l‟éducation... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci - dessous) / A presente tese trata inicialmente da tentativa de reconstituição e apresentação de uma escola no início do século XX, em Porto Velho, a partir das memórias contidas nas narrativas/depoimentos das professoras negras, descendentes de trabalhadores barbadianos que chegaram para trabalhar na construção da Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamoré – E.F.M.M, e que foram alunas da chamada escola dos categas, abrigada nos vários espaços do morro do Alto do Bode e que apresentava um modelo de educação não contemplado, pois a cidade não tinha escolas. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar, além da escola, as memórias de três professoras, sujeitos da pesquisa, sobre o funcionamento e os aspectos pedagógicos que fundamentavam a prática escolar, bem como o aspecto móvel, posto que a escola não funcionasse em um lugar fixo. Analisar as memórias como substância social do processo histórico vivenciado e como guardiã do individual e do coletivo em relação a outros aspectos como: linguagem, identidade, afetividade, religião, valores, concepções de mundo se fez também nosso objetivo. A tese divide-se em quatro seções: a primeira trata da ocupação e exploração dos espaços amazônicos até o início da E.F.M.M.; a segunda apresenta os barbadianos, o espaço em que viviam, a escola que construíram e a forma como pensavam e faziam educação; a terceira constitui-se na apresentação e análise das memórias sobre a escola e outras categorias; a quarta mostra como se deu a tentativa de apagamento do morro do Alto do Bode e a tentativa de invisibilizar, pelo governo, as marcas sociais deixadas pelos barbadianos. Dessa forma, a tese traz à tona a história da educação dos barbadianos vindos para a construção da E.F.M.M., e a complexidade de construir e viver o social amazônico / The present thesis initially deals with the attempt of reconstitution and presentation of a school at the beginning of the XXth. century in Porto Velho, based on the memories contained in the narratives/depositions of the negro teachers descending from Barbadian workers who came for the construction of the E.F.M.M Madeira-Mamoré railroad. These teachers were pupils of the so called categas‟ school, sheltered in some spaces of the Alto do Bode (Goat Hill) which presented a model of education not contemplated, once the city did not have schools. The objective of the study is to present, beyond the school, the memories of three teachers on the pedagogical functioning and aspects that based the school practice, as well as the mobility aspect, given that the school was not located in a fixed place. To analyze the memories as social substance of the lived historical process and as an individual and collective guardian relating to other aspects such as: language, identity, affectivity, religion, values, world conceptions also made up our objective. The text is divided in four sections: the first one deals with the occupation and exploration of the Amazonian spaces until the beginning of E.F.M.M.; the second section presents the Barbadians, the space where they lived, the school they built and the way they thought and made education; the third one consists of the presentation and analysis of the memories around the school and other categories; the fourth shows how the attempt to erase the Alto do Bode and the attempt of the government to make it invisible, the social marks left by the Barbadians. This way the thisis bring to light the barbadian education history who came with the E.F.M.M railroad builand the complexity of the amazonic social building and living
17

"BODE GAIATO": uma proposta para o ensino da variação linguística no livro didático

Paiva, Nágida Maria da Silva 20 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Thiago Bronzeado de Andrade (thiago@ch.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-23T14:50:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Nágida Maria da Silva Paiva.pdf: 40643663 bytes, checksum: c671af7cb3d2e2ba2d42afdf813fbe9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Araújo (milaborges@ch.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T18:32:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Nágida Maria da Silva Paiva.pdf: 40643663 bytes, checksum: c671af7cb3d2e2ba2d42afdf813fbe9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T18:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Nágida Maria da Silva Paiva.pdf: 40643663 bytes, checksum: c671af7cb3d2e2ba2d42afdf813fbe9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / CAPES / The speech given is also a form of power, since the speaker / writer has an intention about the listener / reader to be persuasion, acceptance, reflection, but always cause a change in the other Bakhtin (1997). In this dialogical relationship, the use of language is determinant for the success or failure of the subject. In the many language studies, an event approaches this theory, the Linguistic Variation since, as it is presented in the Didactic Books (LD) - with a parameter of errors and hits - the ideology of a homogeneous language favoring a part is evident to the detriment of the community. The social function of the school is to promote reflection and the formation of citizens. The classroom is the environment that favors this process. For this reason, the present research aims to resignify the teaching of Linguistic Variation in LD from a sociocommunicative approach with the "Bode Gaiato" meme. The work is justified because it is believed that the Linguistic Variation should be studied in the Portuguese Language classes based on something that is part of the universe of the students, allowing the valorization of the speaking of a determined community and allowing, finally, a more detailed study conscious and reflective of the events of Linguistic Variation. The intervention research was carried out in an eighth grade class of the Elementary School of a Municipal School at Campina Grande/PB. In this sense, the methodological course consists of the application of a social questionnaire, the development of a didactic sequence based on the theoretical records of Lopes-Rossi. It was observed a successful response of the students in relation to the applied proposal, demonstrating a new attitude towards the variation, adding construct of meaning and sociocultural values. In this perspective, our research was developed in the light of the theoreticians Bakhtin (1997), Alkmin (2001), Bagno (2001, 2003, 2007, 2013), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004), Marcuschi (2008), Mollica (2003) and others. / O discurso proferido também é uma forma de poder, visto que aquele que fala/escreve tem uma intenção sobre o ouvinte/leitor seja de persuasão, aceitação, reflexão, mas sempre provoca uma mudança no outro Bakhtin (1997). Nessa relação dialógica, o uso da linguagem é determinante para o sucesso ou insucesso do sujeito. Nos muitos estudos da linguagem, um evento se aproxima desta teoria, a Variação Linguística, visto que da forma como é apresentada nos Livros Didáticos (LD) – com um parâmetro de erros e acertos – fica evidente a ideologia de uma língua homogênea que favorece uma parte em detrimento da coletividade. A escola tem por função social promover a reflexão e a formação do cidadão. A sala de aula é o ambiente que favorece esse processo. Por esta razão, a presente pesquisa objetiva ressignificar o ensino da Variação Linguística no LD, a partir de uma abordagem sociocomunicativa com o meme “Bode Gaiato”. O trabalho justifica-se por se acreditar que a Variação Linguística deva ser estudada nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa a partir de algo que faça parte do universo dos alunos, oportunizando a valorização do falar de uma determinada comunidade e permitindo, por fim, um estudo mais consciente e reflexivo dos eventos de Variação Linguística. A pesquisa de intervenção foi realizada numa turma do oitavo ano, do Ensino Fundamental, de uma Escola Municipal em Campina Grande/ PB. Nesse sentido, o percurso metodológico consta da aplicação de um questionário social, do desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática baseada nos registros teóricos de Lopes-Rossi. Observou-se uma resposta exitosa dos alunos em relação à proposta aplicada, demonstrando uma nova postura frente à variação, agregando-se construção de sentido e valores socioculturais. Nossa pesquisa foi desenvolvida à luz dos teóricos Bakhtin (1997), Alkmin (2001), Bagno (2001, 2003, 2007, 2013), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004), Marcuschi (2008), Mollica (2003), entre outros.
18

Cristianismo e Kénosis: René Girard e Gianni Vattimo em diálogo

Felipe, Rondinele Laurindo 01 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2017-12-21T14:13:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rondinelelaurindofelipe.pdf: 1200337 bytes, checksum: da137656ee8feb3ba4057779cd03d3cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T12:10:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rondinelelaurindofelipe.pdf: 1200337 bytes, checksum: da137656ee8feb3ba4057779cd03d3cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T12:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rondinelelaurindofelipe.pdf: 1200337 bytes, checksum: da137656ee8feb3ba4057779cd03d3cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 / O tema desta pesquisa é a noção de cristianismo no diálogo entre René Girard e Gianni Vattimo. Para tanto, argumenta-se que a ideia central que vincula os dois autores é a compreensão de cristianismo como kénosis (enfraquecimento). Aborda-se essa noção levando em conta a teoria girardiana do sagrado natural. A ideia de sagrado é estruturante, pois, a partir dele, sabe-se que o religioso funda-se na violência humana. O homem é governado por um desejo de apropriação mimética, o que conduz a rivalidades. A violência quando se exasperava nas sociedades primitivas gerava conflitos de tal ordem que se fazia necessário o sacrifício para conter a crise que ameaçava extirpar todo grupo. Do sacrifício expiatório nascia o sagrado que se sustentava nas formas de ritos, interditos e rememoração do sacrifício. O cristianismo, interpretado por Girard e Vattimo, revela e denuncia esse mecanismo fazedor de vítimas, indicando que a vítima é inocente. Portanto, para falar de kénosis e secularização, Vattimo recorre a essa ideia de perda dos elementos do sagrado. Com a dissolução do sagrado, o cristianismo aparece em sua forma enfraquecida (kénosis), sendo a caritas um modo de rejeitar a violência humana. / The theme of this dissertation is the notion of Christianity in the intersection of ideas between René Girard and Gianni Vattimo, focusing on the central idea connecting both authors, which is Christianity as kénosis (weakening). This notion is approached considering Girard's theory about the natural sacred. The idea of sacred is keypoint, because it is the way by which the religious experience is founded on the human violence. Men are guided by a desire for mimetic appropriation, which leads to rivalries. When violence became intense among the primitive societies, it triggered so much disturbance that sacrifice was required to keep the crisis under control in order to avoid the extinction of the whole group. The sacred was born from the expiatory sacrifice, expressing the rites, the interdicts and the remembrance of the sacrifice. Christianity, according to Girard's and Vattimo's perspective, reveals and condemns this process that breeds victims, pointing out that the victim is innocent. Therefore, in order to discuss kénosis and secularization, Vattimo uses this idea of a dicrease in the elements of sacred. With the sacred in dissolution, Christianity assumes its weakened form (kénosis), and caritas becomes a way of rejecting the human violence.
19

Interpretação gravimétrica-magnética da zona de fratura dupla Bode Verde

ARAÚJO, Tereza Cristina Medeiros de 31 July 1989 (has links)
Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-18T13:52:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InterpretacaoGravimetricaMagnetica.pdf: 9202895 bytes, checksum: 8901637758bc80645a2afb69a5282b66 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-18T16:52:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InterpretacaoGravimetricaMagnetica.pdf: 9202895 bytes, checksum: 8901637758bc80645a2afb69a5282b66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-18T16:52:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InterpretacaoGravimetricaMagnetica.pdf: 9202895 bytes, checksum: 8901637758bc80645a2afb69a5282b66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Em Janeiro de 1980, foi realizada a Operação Bode Verde I do Projeto CENTRATLAN, que constou da coleta de dados geofísicos e geológicos na área central da Cadeia Mesoatlântica (CMA), a sul da Ilha de Ascensão. Esta operação fez parte de um convênio firmado entre a Marinha Americana e a Marinha Brasileira, cujo objetivo era investigar o Oceano Atlântico Sul, especialmente a área onde se estende a província fisiográfica da Cadeia Mesoatlântica. Com o objetivo de estudar a Zona de Fratura Dupla Bode Verde, e assim conhecer melhor esta feição tão marcante no fundo oceânico e margem continental, foram tratados e interpretados os dados batimétricos, gravimétricos e magnéticos colhidos na operação anteriormente citada. A análise dos dados batimétricos permitiu uma definição para esta zona de fratura, com o seu caráter duplo marcado pela presença de duas calhas contínuas, paralelas entre si, e separadas por um alto que tem o seu próprio "rift-valley". As anomalias gravimétricas encontradas confirmam o caráter duplo, com os dois mínimos observados correspondendo às duas calhas da fratura. Estas calhas separam um bloco crustal de aproximadamente 40 km de largura. Com base nos dados gravimétricos, foram construídas nove seções crustais sobre a zona de fratura, que permitiram observar que a interface crosta-manto sofre um afinamento crustal embaixo das paredes da fratura. Esta interface, que encontra-se normalmente a uma profundidade de 8-9 km, passa a atingir profundidades de 5.5-6.0 km abaixo das paredes da fratura, com a crosta apresentando uma espessura de 2.0 km nestas partes. Este afinamento crustal é causado pela subida de material do manto. A extensiva alteração hidrotermal que ocorre na depressão central da fratura, pode ser a responsável pelo menor afinamento crustal observado nesta parte da zona de fratura. Para a interpretação dos dados magnéticos, foi usada uma escala de tempo de polaridade magnética entre o Cretáceo Inferior e o Cenozóico, e uma taxa de espalhamento oceânico de 2.0 cm/ano. Para a camada de basalto, que é responsável por parte das anomalias magnéticas observadas, foi usada uma espessura média de 0.5 km. Nas paredes da zona de fratura, ocorre uma diminuição na espessura desta camada, havendo uma interrupção da mesma na depressão central da fratura. / In January 1980, the CENTRATLAN Project Bode Verde I was conducted by collecting geophysical and geological data at the central portion of the Middle Atlantic Ridge, south of Ascensão Island. This research was done within an agreement between the US-American and Brazilian Navy. With the objective to describe the geology of the Bode Verde fracture zone and to understand the origins of this feature on the ocean floor and continental margin, bathimetric, gravimetric and magnetic data were collected. The analysis of the bathimetric data allowed to describe this feature as a doubled fractured zone, marked by two continuous troughs, parallel to each other, separated by a high with its own rift-valley. The gravimetric anomalies confirm this double feature, with the two observed gravimetric minimum corresponding to the two troughs of the fracture zone. These troughs separate a crustal block of approximately 40 km width. Based on gravimetric data it was possible to construct nine crustal sections of the fracture zone. They permitted to observe a thinning of the crust-mantle interface beneath the fracture walls. The interface crust-mantle that usually has a depth of 8-9 km, is only 5.5-6.0 km deep beneath the fracture walls with a crust thickness of about 2.0 km. The crustal thinning is caused by the ascent of mantle material. The hidrothermal alteration in the central trough of the fracture can be responsible for the minor crustal thinning observed in this part of the fracture zone. For the interpretation of the magnetic data was used a time scale of magnetic polarity between the Lower Cretaceous and Cenozoic and a spreading rate of the ocean floor of about 2.0 cm/year. For interpretation a thickness of 0.5 km was estimated for the basalt layer, which is responsible for the observed magnetic anomalies. lts thickness decreases in the fracture walls, being interrupted at the central trough fracture.
20

Testes funcionais e a relação com o índice BODE na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Regueiro, Eloisa Maria Gatti 24 April 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1752.pdf: 1459122 bytes, checksum: 300e94014e88196b37e1ec53acd4912a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-24 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Objectives: To investigate three variables of the respiratory process pulmonary ventilation ( E), oxygen consumption ( O2), and production of carbon dioxide ( CO2) during Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and functional tests of the lower limbs (LL) in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Control Group; verify if the methods employed to evaluate ADL adequately reflect the functional limitation of individuals with COPD; and if there is a correlation between the variables evaluated during ADL, the performance on Lower Limb tests and peripheral muscle impairment of the Upper Limbs (UL) to the BODE Index (Body mass index; airflow Obstruction; Dyspnea and Exercise capacity) in individuals with COPD. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 17 men from the ages of 58 to 80 years old, ten of whom had moderate to severe pulmonary obstruction composed the COPD Group (COPDG) and seven healthy men composed the Control Group (CG). All performed the ADL Test and were evaluated by ventilatory and metabolic variables; the Six Minute Walking Test in Corridor (6MWTC) by Distance Walked (DW); the Six Minute Walking Test on Treadmill (6MWTT) by DW and velocity; the Sit To Stand Test (STST) by the number of sit and stand up repetitions performed and the Hand Grip Strength Test in different postures. The COPDG was classified by the BODE Index and correlations between the tests performed and the BODE Index were found for the COPDG. Results: Intergroup analysis detected significant differences (p<0.05) in relation to ADL of lifting container to eye level ( E, CO2), combing hair, lifting containers to above shoulder level, hanging out clothes on the clothesline and sweeping the floor ( CO2) and in 6MWTC for DW, 6MWTT for velocity and STST for number of repetitions of sitting and standing from chair. The BODE Index presented a strong (r&#8805;0.66) to 6MWTT, STST and Hand Grip Strength. Conclusion: Individuals with COPD present a lower tolerance for physical effort compared to the CG during performance of the ADL and LL tests. The methods employed to evaluate the ADL did not reflect the functional limitation of the COPDG which was primarily composed of individuals with moderate obstructions. The Bode Index predictor of severity presented an association to limiting factors evaluated in the 6MWTT, STST and Hand Grip Strength Test for the COPDG; and thus suggests the possible use of these same tests to calculate physical exercise capacity in the BODE Index. / Objetivos: investigar o comportamento da ventilação pulmonar ( E) do consumo de oxigênio ( O2) e da produção de dióxido de carbono ( CO2) nas atividades da vida diária (AVD) e nos testes funcionais de membros inferiores (MMII) dos indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e controle; verificar se os métodos empregados para a avaliação das AVD refletem adequadamente a limitação funcional dos indivíduos com DPOC; e se há correlação entre as variáveis avaliadas durante as AVD, o desempenho nos testes de MMII e o comprometimento muscular periférico de membros superiores (MMSS) com o índice BODE (Body mass index; airflow Obstruction; Dyspnea and Exercise capacity) nos indivíduos com DPOC. Material e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 17 homens na faixa etária de 58 a 80 anos, sendo dez com DPOC de obstrução pulmonar moderada a muito grave compondo o grupo DPOC (GDPOC) e sete saudáveis compondo o grupo controle (GC). Todos foram avaliados quanto a realização do teste das AVD pelas variáveis ventilatórias e metabólicas; ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos em corredor (TC6Co) pela distância percorrida (DP); ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos em esteira (TC6E) pela DP e velocidade; ao teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira (TSLC) pelo número de repetições ao sentar e levantar e ao teste de preensão palmar em diferentes posturas. O GDPOC foi classificado quanto ao índice BODE e foram realizadas correlações entre os testes realizados e esse índice nesse mesmo grupo. Resultados: a análise intergrupo detectou diferença significativa (p<0,05) em relação a AVD de elevar potes na altura dos olhos ( E, CO2), pentear os cabelos, elevar potes acima dos ombros, estender roupa no varal e varrer o chão ( CO2) e nos TC6Co quanto a DP, no TC6E quanto a velocidade e no TSLC quanto ao número de repetições ao sentar e levantar da cadeira. Constatou-se ainda que o índice BODE apresentou forte correlação (r&#8805;0,66) com o TC6E, TSLC e com a força de preensão palmar. Conclusão: os indivíduos com DPOC apresentaram menor tolerância ao esforço físico comparado ao GC durante a realização das AVD e dos testes de MMII. Que os métodos empregados para a avaliação das AVD utilizados não refletiram a limitação funcional do GDPOC que apresentou predominantemente moderada obstrução; e que o preditor de gravidade índice BODE apresentou associação com os fatores limitantes avaliados nos TC6E, TSLC e com a força de preensão palmar nesse grupo; apontando a possibilidade de sugerir a utilização dos mesmos na determinação da capacidade de exercício físico no cálculo do índice BODE.

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