Unresolved painful emotional experiences such as bereavement, trauma and disturbances in core relationships, are common presenting problems for clients of psychodrama or psychotherapy more generally. Emotional pain is experienced as a shattering of the sense of self and disconnection from others and, when unresolved, produces avoidant responses which inhibit the healing process. There is agreement across therapeutic modalities that exposure to emotional experience can increase the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Moreno proposes that the activation of spontaneity is the primary curative factor in psychodrama and that healing occurs when the protagonist (client) engages with his or her wider social system and develops greater flexibility in response to that system. An extensive case-report literature describes the application of the psychodrama method in healing unresolved painful emotional experiences, but there is limited empirical research to verify the efficacy of the method or to identify the processes that are linked to therapeutic change. The purpose of this current research was to construct a model of protagonist change processes that could extend psychodrama theory, inform practitioners’ therapeutic decisions and contribute to understanding the common factors in therapeutic change. Four studies investigated protagonist processes linked to in-session resolution of painful emotional experiences. Significant therapeutic events were analysed using recordings and transcripts of psychodrama enactments, protagonist and director recall interviews and a range of process and outcome measures. A preliminary study (3 cases) identified four themes that were associated with helpful therapeutic events: enactment, the working alliance with the director and with group members, emotional release or relief and social atom repair. The second study (7 cases) used Comprehensive Process Analysis (CPA) to construct a model of protagonists’ processes linked to in-session resolution. This model was then validated across four more cases in Study 3. Five meta-processes were identified: (i) a readiness to engage in the psychodrama process; (ii) re-experiencing and insight; (iii) activating resourcefulness; (iv) social atom repair with emotional release and (v) integration. Social atom repair with emotional release involved deeply experiencing a wished-for interpersonal experience accompanied by a free flowing release of previously restricted emotion and was most clearly linked to protagonists’ reports of reaching resolution and to post session improvements in interpersonal relationships and sense of self. Acceptance of self in the moment increased protagonists’ capacity to generate new responses within each meta-process and, in resolved cases, there was evidence of spontaneity developing over time. The fourth study tested Greenberg’s allowing and accepting painful emotional experience model as an alternative explanation of protagonist change. The findings of this study suggested that while the process of allowing emotional pain was present in resolved cases, Greenberg’s model was not sufficient to explain the processes that lead to in-session resolution. The protagonist’s readiness to engage and activation of resourcefulness appear to facilitate the transition from problem identification to emotional release. Furthermore, experiencing a reparative relationship was found to be central to the healing process. This research verifies that there can be in-session resolution of painful emotional experience during psychodrama and protagonists’ reports suggest that in-session resolution can heal the damage to the sense of self and the interpersonal disconnection that are associated with unresolved emotional pain. A model of protagonist change processes has been constructed that challenges the view of psychodrama as a primarily cathartic therapy, by locating the therapeutic experience of emotional release within the development of new role relationships. The five meta-processes which are described within the model suggest broad change principles which can assist practitioners to make sense of events as they unfold and guide their clinical decision making in the moment. Each meta-process was linked to specific post-session changes, so that the model can inform the development of therapeutic plans for individual clients and can aid communication for practitioners when a psychodrama intervention is used for a specific therapeutic purpose within a comprehensive program of therapy.

Studien ämnade att undersöka området för lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt. Lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt handlar om att skifta fokus från problem till att istället fokusera på lösningar. Tidigare har arbetssättet främst initierats i klientsamtal men idag är det även förekommande inom ledarskap. Lösningsfokuserat ledarskap handlar om att hjälpa medarbetaren hitta vägar framåt med fokus på målet som medarbetaren har. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur chefer inom den offentliga sektorn använder lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt och hur cheferna upplever att det fungerar i organisationen och i relationen med medarbetarna. En kvalitativ forskningsansats valdes som metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Vid analys av det insamlade materialet genomfördes en manifest innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visar att chefernas intresse för lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt väcktes för att det fokuserade på lösningar istället för problem. Detta kan koppla samman med ett salutogent perspektiv, där det handlar om att fokusera på vad som gör människor friska istället för på vad som gör människor sjuka. Cheferna upplevde också att de arbetar med lösningsfokus som en pågående process och hade bland annat uppnått resultat i form av delaktighet, kreativitet och medskapande hos medarbetarna. Detta kan kopplas till socialkonstruktion, vilket är utgångspunkten för lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt. Då handlar det om att verkligheten skapas i dialogen mellan människor. Cheferna upplevde också att effektiviteten hade ökat inom organisationen och att det hade resulterat i ett öppnare klimat på arbetsplatsen. Detta i sin tur kan kopplas samman med hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser då det är viktigt att det finns utvecklingsmöjligheter och möjlighet till välmående. / The intention with this study was to gain broader understanding for solution-focused brief therapy. Solution-focused brief therapy is a method that is shifting focus from problems to focus on solutions instead. Previously, the work method has been initiated in client talks, but today it is also used in leadership. Solution-focused leadership is about helping employees to find ways forward with a focus on the goal that they have. It is about asking solution-focused questions. The aim of the study was to investigate how public sector managers use solution-focused brief therapy methods and how they experience that the method works in the organization and in the relationship with the co-workers. A qualitative research method was chosen with semi-structured interviews as the data collection method. When analyzing the collected material a manifest content analysis was conducted. The results of the study show that the managers’ interest for solution-focused approaches was created because it focused on solutions instead of problems. This can be linked to a salutogenic perspective, which focuses on what makes people healthy instead of what makes people sick. The managers also experience that working with solution-focus is an ongoing process and, among other things, achieved results in terms of participation, creativity and employee co-creation. This can be linked to social construction where solution-focused work methods have it origins from. In social construction it is about creating reality in the dialogue between people. The managers also felt that the efficiency had increased within the organization and that it had resulted in a more open climate at the workplace. This in turn can be linked to health-promoting workplaces as it is important that there are development opportunities and opportunities for well-being.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATA CRESSONI GOMES.pdf: 864143 bytes, checksum: a3f9f08993727a9b48be8d626b6e76e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objectives of the present study were: systematize the technical handling of clinical psychological interventions evidencing the comprehension of the transference relationships; describe the vicissitudes in the analytical field during these clinical interventions; and describe the technical handling of the psychological intervention with one female infertile patient of a human reproduction school clinic. The method used was the descriptive clinical method with a psychoanalytical approach. The analysis and the discussion of the results were based upon the presentation of one case, which served the purpose of illustrating the technique meant to be described. We present Mrs. S. case, a 41-year-old woman, informally married for five years, conducting an infertility treatment in the human reproduction clinic. The patient was attended by the psychologist in the ambient of the clinic during the period of her second pregnancy attempt. The instrument used to collect data was the psychological interviews or sessions. Only three (3) sessions took place and, within the period of two months, the patient missed three of the scheduled appointments. The sessions were analyzed according to the psychoanalytical theory. Five (5) analysis categories were created: 1) Listening; 2) Configuration of Psychological Complaint; 3) Conflicts Handling; 4) Transference Handling; 5) Setting. These categories represent elements of the session. The division of the session into categories has a didactic purpose; however, the systematization of the handling in these clinical consultations is made possible by the development of each of these categories during each session. Listening refers to the capacity of the psychotherapist to comprehend the relationship established with the patient, as well as understanding all the meta-psychological elements put on the emotional field, from theory-methodology perspective. The Configuration of a Psychological Complaint relies on the approximation to the psychological suffering, and to the conflicts that lie underneath the explicit or organic complaint. The Handling of the Conflicts refers to the way the psychotherapist comprehends and returns to the patient the contents brought up to session. It is emphasized that in handling the conflicts, the psychotherapist selects a specific element and focuses on it during the treatment, privileging actual life situations specifically related to the complaint. The Transference Handling deals with the comprehension and devolution of transference aspects to the patient. The transference neurosis and psychosis are avoided and the work is preferably developed through the interpretation of the extra-transference situation. Finally, the Setting embodies all formal and dynamic aspects that constitute the emotional field over which the treatment is developed. This type of consultation stays in between the psychological interview and the brief psychotherapy session; it has limited time and objectives that vary according to the adaptation quality and motivation of each patient to the psychological treatment. We conclude that this clinical consultation concerns both the diagnosis and the intervention, and that the role of the psychologist is to assist the patients in acknowledging the latent and manifest aspects of their complaint as well as provide a listening place in which their contents can be thought and understood / O presente estudo teve por objetivos: descrever o manejo técnico do atendimento psicológico, ilustrado pelo caso de uma paciente infértil de um ambulatório de reprodução humana assistida; descrever as vicissitudes no campo analítico nestes atendimentos; e sistematizar esse manejo técnico em intervenções ambulatoriais em que se privilegia a compreensão das relações transferenciais. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foram os próprios atendimentos, ou entrevistas psicológicas, baseadas no método clínico de abordagem psicanalítica. A análise e a discussão dos resultados se basearam na apresentação de um único caso, que ilustrou a técnica que se objetivou sistematizar e descrever. É apresentado o caso da Sra. S., uma mulher de 41 anos, com parceiro em união estável há cinco anos, que realizava tratamento de infertilidade no ambulatório de reprodução humana. A paciente foi atendida pela psicóloga no próprio ambulatório durante o período da segunda tentativa de gravidez. Foram realizados efetivamente três (3) atendimentos e, no período de dois meses, a paciente não compareceu a três (3) sessões. Foram criadas cinco (5) categorias de análise: 1) Escuta; 2) Configuração de Queixa Psicológica; 3) Manejo dos Conflitos; 4) Manejo da Transferência; e 5) Enquadre. Estas categorias representaram elementos do atendimento. A divisão do atendimento em categorias teve propósito didático, no entanto, a sistematização do manejo deu-se a partir do desenvolvimento destas categorias, mas não numa ordem pré-estabelecida. A Escuta refere-se à capacidade do psicoterapeuta compreender a relação estabelecida com o paciente, assim como os elementos metapsicológicos depositados no campo, a partir de seu quadro de referência teórico-metodológico. A Configuração de Queixa Psicológica refere-se à aproximação do sofrimento psíquico e dos conflitos que subjazem à queixa orgânica ou manifesta. O Manejo dos Conflitos representa o modo como são interpretados e devolvidos a um paciente os conteúdos trazidos para a sessão. Ressalta-se, no manejo dos conflitos, a eleição de um foco de trabalho em que se privilegia a situação atual da vida do paciente relacionada especificamente à sua queixa. O Manejo da Transferência refere-se à forma como os aspectos transferenciais são compreendidos e devolvidos ao paciente. A neurose e psicose de transferência são evitadas e o trabalho é preferencialmente desenvolvido a partir da interpretação de situações extra-transferenciais. Por fim, o Enquadre engloba todos os aspectos formais e dinâmicos que constituem o campo emocional sobre o qual se trabalha. Este tipo de atendimento pode ser situado entre a entrevista psicológica e o atendimento em psicoterapia breve com objetivos e tempo limitados, variando de acordo com a qualidade adaptativa do paciente e sua motivação para o atendimento psicológico. Concluímos que este modelo de atendimento ambulatorial engloba aspectos tanto diagnósticos quanto de intervenção e que o papel do psicólogo neste contexto é auxiliar o paciente atendido a compreender sua queixa em seus aspectos latentes e manifestos, além de propiciar um espaço de escuta em que os conteúdos trazidos podem ser pensados e compreendidos

A death in research exacerbates the lack of knowledge and information in respect of the needs and life view of the aged. Two studies were conducted in this population group with specific reference to the 'once-off interview'. Information was gathered using interview schedules focusing on therapeutic skills of social workers working within the system which cares for the aged. Results of a pilot study and an expanded study were compared in order to establish the inter-relationship between the. needs of the elderly, their elemental experiences in line with Bloom's theory (1984), and the role of the social worker. Findings revealed that the majority of "discontinuances" after the first interview were because the needs of the elderly clients had in fact been met. The need for day care services, transport and the expansion of the 'home help' facility was highlighted to enable the elderly to retain their independence in the community / Social Science / M.A. (Social Science: Mental Health)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA MACHADO DE OLIVEIRA NUKUI.pdf: 609257 bytes, checksum: aab8a9dc798a45b0d330d42701e802fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was conducted with two women under situations of domestic violence and was based on theoretical, technical and methodological aspects of psychological intervention called OBP-Operational Brief Psychotherapy. The aim was to analyze the process of OBP of women in situations of domestic violence. The method was a clinical study of the psychoanalytic approach that is based on the study of descriptive case study. Participants performed five diagnostic interviews and were also classified with severe ineffective adaptation featuring most limiting neurotic symptoms, inhibitions and restrictive rigidity of character traits. They went through OBP and after the end of the process the Follow up interviews were reassessed by EDAO. The data that was obtained in follow-up interviews showed that there was a change in adaptive efficiency. Participants were also classified with Moderate Inefficient Adaptation. They had some neurotic symptoms, moderate inhibition, some character traits. Our conclusion is that in the studied cases, though the analysis by sectors, the affective relational sector has established itself as a source of conflict and dissatisfaction bringing very few appropriate solutions, decisively influencing other sectors of adaptation. In addition, we observed the phenomenon of reproduction models of the past in the established relations in the present. In both studied cases there was a situation of physical and sexual abuse, which was configured as an inheritance coming from a relational dynamic of the family of origin and perpetuated freely in their nuclear families. Finally, it should be noticed that the patients participated actively during the therapeutic process. From the theorized interpretations, they were able to reconsider their attitudes towards problematic situations experienced and they were able to take some concrete steps to deal with them more adequately during and after the psychotherapeutic process. It was found that the process of brief psychotherapy and the use of operationalized theorized interpretations seem to have contributed to the change in the quality of adaptive efficacy of two women who took part in this study. / A presente pesquisa foi realizada com duas mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e fundamentou-se nos pressupostos teóricos, técnicos e metodológicos da intervenção psicológica intitulada PBO- Psicoterapia Breve Operacionalizada. O objetivo foi analisar o processo da PBO de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica. Para a realização do diagnóstico adaptativo operacionalizado utilizou-se como instrumento a EDAO - Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada. O método utilizado foi o estudo clínico de abordagem psicanalítica que tem como base o estudo descritivo do tipo estudo de caso. As participantes realizaram cinco entrevistas diagnósticas e foram classificadas igualmente com adaptação ineficaz severa apresentando sintomas neuróticos mais limitadores, inibições restritivas e rigidez de traços caracterológicos. Elas foram encaminhadas para um atendimento em PBO. Após o final do processo realizou-se as entrevistas de Follow up que foram novamente avaliadas por meio da EDAO. Os dados obtidos nas entrevistas de follow up mostraram que houve mudança na eficácia adaptativa. As participantes foram classificadas igualmente com Adaptação Ineficaz Moderada. Elas apresentavam alguns sintomas neuróticos, inibição moderada, alguns traços caracterológicos. Conclui-se que nos casos estudados, na análise por setores, pôde-se perceber que o setor afetivo relacional constituiu-se como uma fonte de conflitos e insatisfações gerando soluções em sua maioria pouquíssimas adequadas, obviamente, influenciando decisivamente os demais setores da adaptação. Também, observou-se o fenômeno da reprodução de modelos do passado nas relações estabelecidas no presente. Nos dois casos estudados houve uma situação de violência física e de abuso sexual, que se configurava como uma herança provinda de uma dinâmica relacional da família de origem e se perpetuava livremente em suas famílias nucleares. Por último, cabe assinalar que as pacientes participaram de forma ativa durante o processo terapêutico. A partir das interpretações teorizadas foram capazes de reconsiderarem suas atitudes frente às situações-problema vividas e puderam, durante e após o processo psicoterapêutico, adotar algumas medidas concretas para enfrentá-las de forma mais adequada. Conclui-se que o processo de psicoterapia breve operacionalizado e a utilização das interpretações teorizadas parecem ter contribuído para a mudança na qualidade da eficácia adaptativa das duas mulheres que fizeram parte deste estudo.

Novice solution-focused brief therapists often have difficulty delivering scaling questions within the languaging of their clients. To help beginning Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) trainees, this researcher has created the metaphorically enhanced scaling question (MESQ) training program. By incorporating a meaning making system such as the metaphor, the scaling question becomes expressive and symbolic to the client and his or her own story. The MESQ objective is to assist novice therapists in facilitating the SFBT scaling question creatively through the use of metaphor. A metaphor is a created meaning isomorphic to its original meaning or experience. The metaphor will be co-constructed through collaboration between client and therapist. The MESQ program encompasses three key elements of SFBT: listening, selecting, and building into three tangible activities designed for novice therapists to learn, articulate, and demonstrate their comprehension of the modified scaling technique (Bavelas, De Jong, Franklin, Froerer, Gingerich, Kim, Korman, Langer, Lee, McCullum, Jordan, & Trepper, 2013) This research is qualitative in nature, due to the examined experiences of the MESQ training program participants. Action research has been chosen to emphasize the learning aspect, and assist in training development. The MESQ training program will be evaluated based on Kirkpatrick’s four levels of evaluating training programs: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. (Kirkpatrick, 1996). The focus of this research project will be to refine and develop the MESQ training program through analytic evaluation.

Contemporary transnational literature presents a unique interpretive problem, due to new methods of language and culture negotiation in the information age. The resulting condition, transnational compositionality, is evidenced by specific linguistic artifacts; to illustrate this I use three American novels as a case study: Nowhere Man by Aleksandar Hemon, Absurdistan by Gary Shteyngart, and The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz. By extension, many conventional literary elements are changed in the transnational since modernity: satire is no longer a lampooning of cultures but a questioning of the methods by which humans blend cultures together; similarly, complex symbolic constructions may no longer be taken at face value, for they now communicate more about cultural identity processes than static ideologies. If scholars are to achieve adequate interpretations of these elements, we must consider the global framework that has so intimately shaped them in the twenty-first century.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-11T13:14:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiaaparecidadecarvalho.pdf: 3575170 bytes, checksum: 19ed07de4125cf818caada8c5ba2e810 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:08:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiaaparecidadecarvalho.pdf: 3575170 bytes, checksum: 19ed07de4125cf818caada8c5ba2e810 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiaaparecidadecarvalho.pdf: 3575170 bytes, checksum: 19ed07de4125cf818caada8c5ba2e810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-02 / O tabagismo é resultante da dependência de nicotina e o uso do tabaco está associado a várias doenças e mortes. O Objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma sessão de Intervenção Breve para dependentes de tabaco que procuram tratamento em Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) em Juiz de Fora. Método: Comparou-se a abordagem intensiva do fumante que segue o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e se utiliza da visão Cognitivo-Comportamental com oito sessões semanais utilizando o modelo de intervenção breve, que consiste em uma forma de aconselhamento na tentativa de modificar o comportamento através de técnicas motivacionais com uma única sessão. Os participantes foram alocados em cada grupo de tratamento através de randomização. Os desfechos avaliados: cessação, motivação, redução do número de cigarros, grau de intensidade da dependência da nicotina, sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, fissura, adesão ao tratamento, tentativas de cessação para fumar. Participaram do estudo cinquenta e duas (52) pessoas. As avaliações de seguimento foram realizadas por telefone, em três e seis meses, após as intervenções. O estudo foi um piloto de um ensaio clínico randomizado com análises descritivas. Resultados: A maior parte das pessoas que compuseram o presente estudo era do sexo feminino (82,7%), com idade média de 49 anos (DP 9,6). Na avaliação de dependência de nicotina predominou o grau elevado, na linha de base, nos grupos. Nos seguimentos o grupo IB apresentou diminuição e a manteve. A motivação era alta na linha de base, nos grupos. Nos seguimentos manteve-se alta e ausente no grupo IB e alta no ACC. Os grupos apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade na linha de base. Nos seguimentos houve aumento no grupo IB e diminuição, no controle. Os grupos também apresentaram sintomas de depressão. Nos seguimentos, no grupo IB, a depressão elevou-se e no controle, diminuiu. Na linha de base as pessoas apresentaram fissura moderada nos dois grupos. Nos seguimentos, a fissura manteve-se moderada no grupo IB. O grupo IB não relatou abstinência. O número de tentativas de parar de fumar aumentou. Houve redução no número de cigarros fumados e influência no comportamento de saúde. Discussão: O estudo piloto demonstrou que é possível reduzir o consumo de tabaco, mudar o comportamento de saúde, aumentar o número de tentativas de parar de fumar e manter os níveis de fissura e dependência de nicotina por meio de uma intervenção breve de sessão única. Conclusão: Uma intervenção (IB) individual, com uma sessão e menor tempo de treinamento para sua realização, menor custo para aplicação, mostrou-se promissora quando comparada ao grupo ACC. Sugere-se novos estudos para avaliar a IB em tabagismo. / Smoking is the result of nicotine addiction, and tobacco use is associated with various diseases and causes of death. The Objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Brief Intervention (BI) session for tobacco addicts seeking treatment in Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) in Juiz de Fora. Method: We compared the intensive treatment of the smoker, which follows the Ministry of Health (MH) protocol and uses the Cognitive-Behavioral Approach (CBA), in eight weekly sessions, with the Brief Intervention model, which consists of a form of counseling in an attempt to modify behavior through motivational techniques, in a single session. Participants were assigned to each treatment group in random order. The outcomes measured were: cessation, motivation, reduced number of cigarettes, intensity level of nicotine dependence, symptoms of depression and anxiety, craving, adherence to treatment, smoking cessation attempts. Fifty-Two (52) persons participated in the study. Follow-up evaluations were conducted by phone, at three and six months after the interventions. The study was a pilot for a randomized clinical trial with descriptive analyses. Results: Most of the people in this study were female (82.7%), with a mean age of 49 years (SD 9.6). In the baseline assessment, a high level of nicotine dependence predominated in the groups. In the follow-ups, the BI group showed and maintained a decrease. Motivation was high at the baseline, in the groups. In the follow-ups it remained high and absent in the BI group and high in the CBA group. The groups showed symptoms of anxiety in the baseline. In the follow-ups there was an increase, in the BI group, and a reduction, in the control group. The groups also showed symptoms of depression. In the follow-ups, depression increased in the BI group and decreased in the control group. In the baseline, people had moderate craving in both groups. In the follow-ups, craving remained moderate in the BI group. The BI group did not report abstinence. The number of attempts to quit smoking increased. There was a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked and an influence on health behavior. Discussion: The pilot study showed that it is possible to reduce tobacco use, change health behavior, increase the number of attempts to quit smoking, and control the levels of nicotine craving and dependence through a brief intervention in a single session. Conclusion: An individual intervention (BI), in one session, with less training time for its administration and a lower cost to implement, showed promising results when compared to the CBA group. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the BI for smoking treatment.

Studien har ämnat att undersöka om den lösningsfokuserade metoden kan användas för att skapa ett tillitsbaserat ledarskap som är aktuellt inom offentliga verksamheter. Den lösningsfokuserade metoden har sin grund i att fokusera på resurser och tillgångar hos individen, deras önskade tillstånd i framtiden samt på vad som fungerar istället för att fokusera på vad som inte fungerar. Lösningsfokus har sin grund i samtalsterapi men är idag en evidensbaserad metod som används inom både ledarskap och organisationsutveckling. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur ledare använder den lösningsfokuserade metoden i praktiken samt vad detta har gjort för skillnad för dem, deras ledarskap och deras verksamheter. Studien har även noga undersökt vad tillit som begrepp innebär och om det lösningsfokuserade arbetssättet bidrar till en ökad tillit och ett tillitsbaserat ledarskap. Teoriansatsen har bestått av systemteori, socialkonstruktivistisk teori, lösningsfokuserad metod samt teorier om tillit. En kvalitativ forskningsansats har valts med fem stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna är ledare inom offentlig verksamhet samt managementkonsulter inom lösningsfokuserat ledarskap. Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet användes en innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visar att den lösningsfokuserade metoden har skapat en stor skillnad för våra informanter i deras ledarskap och organisationer. Deras upplevelse av lösningsfokus är att det inte bara är ett metodarbete utan även en värdegrund samt ett sätt att förhålla sig till livet på och andra människor. Den lösningsfokuserade metoden erbjuder samtalstekniker där man med specifika frågor letar efter styrkor och bygger vidare på individens resurser. Informanternas upplevelse är att den lösningsfokuserade metoden sparar tid, förhindrar energiläckage, arbetsmiljön blir bättre, effektiviteten höjs, man når målen fortare och har roligare på sin arbetsplats. Studiens resultat visar även att den lösningsfokuserade metoden bidrar till en hög grad av tillit inom och utom organisationer vilket skapar stora vinster såsom enade ledningsgrupper och höga resultat på medarbetarenkäter. / The study aims to investigate whether the solution-focused method can be used to create a trust-based leadership that is highly relevant in the public sector. The solution-focused method is based to focus on the resources and assets of the individual, their desired state in the future and the focus on what functions, rather than what does not function. Solution-focus is based on individual therapy but is today an evidence-based method used in both leadership and organizational development. The purpose of the study has been to investigate how leaders in the public sector use the solution-focused method in practice, and what difference this has made for them, their leadership and their organizations. The study has also carefully examined what trust as a concept means, and whether the solution-focused approach contributes to increased trust and trust-based leadership. The theory approach has consisted of system theory, social constructionist theory and theories of trust. A qualitative research approach has been chosen with five semi-structured interviews as a method. The interviewees are leaders in the public sector, and management consultants within solution-focused leadership. In the analysis of the empirical material, a content analysis was used. The results of the study reveal that the solution-focused method has made a great difference for our informants in their leadership and organizations. Their experience of solution-focus is that it is not only a method of work, but also a value base and a way of relating to life and other people. The solution-focused model provides conversational techniques where you look for strengths with the help of specific questions, and build on the individual resources. The informants’ experiences show that the solution-focused method saves time, prevents energy leakage, improves the work environment, increases efficiency, leads to faster goal achievement and creates a more enjoyable workplace. The results of the study also present that the solution-focused method contributes to a higher degree of trust within and outside organizations which also creates large profits such as united management teams and high results on employee surveys.

This master’s thesis deals with an important part of computer vision field. Main focus of this thesis is on feature detectors and descriptors in an image. Throughout the thesis the simplest feature detectors like Moravec detector will be presented, building up to more complex detectors like MSER or FAST. The purpose of feature descriptors is in a mathematical description of these points. We begin with the oldest ones like SIFT and move on to newest and best performing descriptors like FREAK or ORB. The major objective of the thesis is comparison of presented methods on licence plate localization task.