The attitude of the building sector towards innovation and its intellectual and organizational preparedness for dealing with the issues of innovation is the aim of this study. The core question can be formulated as follows: Why does a building company accept certain innovations but not others? The fundamental ideas of the study are rooted in the central European tradition of the historico-qualitiative school of thought. Another basic idea for the thesis is Dewcy’s and Bcntley's theory of transactional cognition introduced in Sweden by Hanssen under the term ""field concept" according to which the content and object of knowledge are seen as an entirety. The reason for approaching the problem qualitatively. that is through not highly structured interviews based on the author's long personal experience in the sector, is its compound and many face ted nature a long with the fact that verbal discussion is firmly grounded in building sector tradition. Innovations has to pass trough three different filters. These filters are at the point where the innovation enters the company, during the bid preparation process and upon the absorption of the innovation into the project. Important factors influencing the passage through these filters arc papyrophobia, the old boy network (OBN) and the structure of the production system. Papyrophobia is expressed in a general reluctance to deal with theoretical issues and documentation. OBN denotes an informal communication network. Production is run by and within project organizations. i.e. repetitive ad hoc aggregates independent of the parent organization. These factors in combination with time and financial pressure obstruct the possibility of creating a research tradition. Characteristic features of the socio-cultural tradition of the sector are that it is male dominated, that the educational system classifies those working in the field according to trade and profession, and that the strong position of production aspects have brought to the forefront the energetic practitioner. His values are strictly professional. Information is to a great extent transmitted orally. There is strength in the ability of Swedish construction firms to plan and improvise within an established frame. However, a certain streak of marginalism with the potential of inhibiting innovation does exist in their pattern of action. Also typical of the tradition is the ideal of the free entrepreneur and the organization of large companies as confederations of a number of small and medium size firms. Finally, a fundamental cultural feature of the construction industry is openness. News spreads rapidly to a competitor. Innovations are disseminated in several ways, but one dominant pattern persists that cannot be seen in other industries. While the projects are important for testing and diffusion of innovations, the companies arc more intrumental in propagating information of innovations. The building materials industry's R&amp;D work follows a pattern similar to that of production companies in other sectors. The building sector's readiness to follow and work with innovation issues can generally be rated as low. The confinement of interest to production aspects combined with the marked open· ness provides ample room for the materials manufacturers and companies outside the sector to introduce new products and materials. In the long run, it is the gradual change in this assortment that will transform building techniques and technology. Change is generated by other sectors. / <p>Felaktigt ISBN <em>91-7870-087</em> är angivet i avhandling. ISBN är korrigerat till <em>91-7870-087-6</em>.</p>

The aim of this case study has been to evaluate differences between the public and the private sector based on interest and knowledge of Life cycle assessments, LCA, of residential buildings. The construction and building sector have a major impact on the environment and the climate change. Methods and tools are required to measure and compare the environmental impacts generated from human activities and products within the sector. The entire life cycle must be known and kept in mind in order to value the total environmental impact of activities and products. The environmental life cycle of a product consists all the different stages, from raw material, through use, to waste management. Life cycle assessment is a method that makes it possible to value and then minimize the environmental impact throughout the whole life cycle. Telephone interviews with representatives from participant counties and companies have been made in order to compare their answers and to achieve great insight of how they work towards environmental questions. The results show that the sectors differ from each other. The private sector was further in the development, although a larger number of the counties had plans on using the assessment in the future. The interviews indicated LCA’s future role in the sector, and even though LCA’s is quite new in the area the future seems bright. The global population and the demand for residents are continuously increasing and the need to adopt the sector to sustainable development is substantial.

No description available.

Studiens syfte är att framlägga de vanligaste konflikterna kommunikativt som uppstår ibyggnadsproduktion mellan arbetsledare, yrkesarbetare och underentreprenörer. Studien taräven upp hur dessa konflikter ska förebyggas samt hantering så det ej återupprepar sig påsamma byggarbetsplats eller nästkommande. Vidare ska studien visa på hur arbetsledare skahantera konflikter som redan har inträffat. Studien exponerar huruvida de olikaledarskapsstilarna implementeras av en arbetsledare för att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö med enbra laganda mellan yrkesarbetare och underentreprenörer. Effekten av detta arbete skulle medhög sannolikhet resultera i bättre kommunikation och en effektivare produktion.I form av en kvalitativ studie besvaras frågeställningarna genom litteraturstudie ochsemistrukturerade intervjuer. En omfattning av 10 stycken kandidater kommer att representeraintervjudelen hos det valda företaget.Det valda företaget där denna studie har utförts är Svenska Entreprenad &amp; Förvaltnings AB(SEFAB). Där upplever ledningen att yrkesarbetare i produktion saknar motivation, därförskall konflikter analyseras. Detta för att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö vilket med hög sannolikhetleder till högre motivation hos medarbetarna.I analysen framkommer den vanligaste orsaken till kommunikativ konflikt, vilket beskrivsvara renhållningen. Hanteringen av denna konflikt föredrar respondenterna att arbetsledarenanvänder sig av en demokratisk ledarstil där alla känner sig delaktiga i beslut. Vidaresammanfattas hantering och förebyggande åtgärder till att hålla en öppen dialog med samtligasamt diskutera problemet. / The purpose of the study is to present the most common conflicts communicatively that arisein house-building production between supervisors, workers and subcontractors. The studyalso addresses how these conflicts should be prevented as well as management so that it doesnot repeat itself at the same construction site or next. In succession, the study will show howsupervisors should handle conflicts that have already erupted. The study exposes whether thedifferent leadership styles are implemented by a supervisor to achieve a good workenvironment with a good team spirit between workers and subcontractors. This work willhopefully lead to better communication and more efficient production in succession.In the form of a qualitative study, the questions will be answered through a literature studyand semi-structured interviews. A total of 10 candidates will represent the interview section atthe selected company.The company selected for this study is Svenska Entreprenad &amp; Förvaltnings AB (SEFAB).There, management feels that workers in the production has lack of motivation, thereforeconflicts must be analyzed in order to achieve a good work environment which hopefullyleads to high motivation among the employees.The analysis shows the most common cause of communicative conflict, which is described asthe cleansing. Handling this conflict, respondents prefer that the supervisor use a democraticleadership style where everyone feels involved in decisions. Furthermore, management andpreventative measures are summarized to keep an open dialogue with everyone and discussthe problem.

Global concern about climate change and its impacts on the environment isprogressively increasing. This has raised an important issue in the buildings andconstruction industry regarding the effects of climate change on the buildingenergy performance. Currently, many residential buildings do not fulfill theenergy requirements even with the current weather conditions, mainly becauseof poor design or because the buildings are designed according to olderregulations. Consequently, there is a need for significant changes in the buildingdesign and construction in order to create a more sustainable built environmentwith lower energy consumption. However, it is not possible to change all thesebuildings in order to meet the needs of today. It is therefore of utmostimportance that the energy production comes from renewable sources as ameans to mitigate the potential environmental impacts of climate change.In Sweden, the field of renewable energy has seen a significant growth inrecent years, and particularly in Gotland, where the project under investigationis located. In Gotland, several wind farms and wind turbines have already beeninstalled in order to benefit from the advantageous wind conditions of the island.However, the development of the project for improving the connection ofGotland’s electricity grid with the Swedish mainland power grid has come intoa halt since 2017, and Gotland is now facing major issues in terms of electricityconsumption. And as climate change only escalates in the future, it is crucial toaddress this issue. Through an extensive study of the residential sector ofGotland, this thesis examines the buildings’ energy performance with theintention of finding and proposing possible solutions and alternatives that caneventually flatten the peaks in the energy consumption of the built environmentin Gotland.

After the Paris agreement 2015 the Energy Commission in Sweden proposed a goal for Sweden of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045. The focus in this report has been on how buildings in Sweden could reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Year 2017 the government gave a task for Boverket in Sweden (National Board of Housing, Building and Planning) to investigate the possibility to introduce a climate declaration on buildings. The idea is a life cycle analysis (LCA) should be performed on the building in order to get a building permit. An LCA include all CO2 emissions emitted from resources used for raw material extraction, production of materials, construction site operations, user phase and also the demolition and disposal in the end of life of the building. The first draft from Boverket was published in February 2018 where they recommended a simple declaration. They recommended in the beginning to only include a few components in the declaration, and to only include the production phase. The major interest in this report have been to gain more understanding on how to perform LCAs and also how the LCA result could be used to decrease CO2 emissions. A case study was made on a residential building project called Mården, in Umeå Sweden. The first part in this thesis was to determine the phase in the buildings life cycle with the largest potential for decreasing CO2 emissions. When the LCA was performed on case study building Mården it was difficult to use exact data, since only 20 % of the construction products where declared in an environmental product declaration (EPD). Therefore the other 80 % where approximated with similar products declared in an EPD, or with generic data (general data for a type of product). An EPD is an LCA on a single product and could therefore give exact information on CO2 emissions for a specific product. However, several improvements where implemented in the buildings life cycle and where compared with this reference case. The result from the LCA showed the energy use in the user phase emitted the largest amount of CO2 emissions, and therefore also where the phase with the largest potential for reducing CO2 emissions. When the Swedish district heating mix where replaced with an energy source with 50 % less CO2 emissions, the emissions for the whole life cycle could be decreased with 20 %. Smaller improvements such as more environmental friendlier concrete, shorter transport distance between manufacturer and construction site or less water usage resulted in a decrease by 1.6-7 %. It was though shown these smaller improvement could result in a large decrease of CO2 emissions if more buildings also would improve the same thing. 2.4 million tons of CO2 emissions could for example be reduced in Sweden if 50 % of Sweden’s all new building projects would improve their choice of concrete. To make sure buildings could reduce their CO2 emissions there is important LCAs are performed before the building is constructed, to make sure all phases in the life cycle can be improved. If an LCA will be performed when the building is constructed, it is only possible to improve a few parts in the user phase, since the other phases already have passed. The second part in this thesis was to compare the different LCA softwares; (i) One Click LCA (needs license, from Finland), (ii) e-tool (free, from Australia) and (iii) BM (free, from Sweden). When more exact data were tried to be used in e-tool and One Click LCA the results were similar for the CO2 emissions from the production phase. E-tool only resulted in 6 % higher CO2 emissions in the production phase than One Click LCA. The LCA in the eventual future climate declaration will probably be performed with generic data, since in an early stage the contractors will not have detailed information on their construction products. An LCA was thus performed in each software with generic data, and the result differed a lot. The CO2 emissions from the production phase resulted in 36 % and 23 % less CO2 emissions in BM and e-tool than in One Click LCA. If several softwares will be allowed in this eventual climate declaration, the judgment could be difficult since different generic data is used in each sofware. The generic data were also different for one type of product in a single software, where the CO2 emission could differ with as much as 50 % between two types of generic data for one type of products. This leads to a difficulty when choosing generic data since there will be lack of information on the construction products at the time when this eventual climate declaration should be performed. A main focus for the future development should be on evaluating a standard database that could be used in EU. If a future law will be implemented it could be valuable to declare detailed rules on how to perform the LCA. Since depending on who will perform the LCA different results could occur due to different data used or assumptions on things like products, boundaries or used resource. However, this master thesis has shown there is possible to use the LCA methodology to find solutions for decreasing the CO2 emissions for buildings.

Lors d’une opération immobilière de construction, deux ensembles de règles, qui sont le droit de la construction et le droit de la consommation, viennent se superposer pour apporter un certain niveau de protection lorsque l’acquéreur ou le maître de l’ouvrage est un consommateur ou un non-professionnel. Corrélativement, ils génèrent de nombreuses obligations mises à la charge des professionnels. Ce projet de recherche a donc pour finalité de réaliser, d’une part, un état des lieux des différentes problématiques de protection nées de l’application cumulative de ces deux branches du droit et, d’autre part, de proposer des solutions de règlement en cas de « conflit ». En effet, si les conséquences positives d’une telle combinaison sont indéniables, cette étude ne serait pas complète si l’on n’envisageait également les effets pervers que cette double protection peuvent engendrer dans la pratique au regard de l’économie du contrat, du secteur du bâtiment et de l’esprit qui anime le droit de la construction de manière plus générale. L’objectif poursuivi étant de rendre le droit plus efficace pour sécuriser, autant que possible, l’opération de construction, pour l’ensemble des acteurs du secteur : tant professionnels, pour qu’ils prennent la mesure de leurs responsabilités et obligations (entrepreneurs, promoteurs, architectes, banquiers, notaires…) que pour le « consommateur immobilier » : accédant ou maître d’ouvrage, qui doit pouvoir avoir une vision, la plus claire possible, des contrats qui lui sont soumis afin que sonconsentement soit réellement éclairé. / In a building construction operation, two sets of rules, which are construction law and consumer law,are superimposed to bring a level of protection to the consumer purchaser of real estate. Correlatively,they generate many obligations for the professionals. The objective of this research project is thereforeon the one hand to provide an inventory of the various protection issues arising from the cumulativeapplication of these two branches of law and, on the other hand, to propose settlement solutions in caseof "conflict". Although the positive consequences of such a combination are undeniable, this studywould not be complete if one did not also take into account the perverse effects which this dualprotection may entail in practice with regard to the economy of the contract, the building sector and thespirit of construction law in a more general way. The aim is to make law more effective in order tosecure, as far as possible, the construction operation for all the players in the sector: for professionals totake stock of their responsibilities and obligations (entrepreneurs, promoters, architects, bankers,solicitors …), than for the "real estate consumer", who must be able to have a clearer view of thecontracts submitted to him so that his consent might be truly informed.

Anläggningssektorn är en växande bransch. En väl fungerande infrastruktur är en viktig faktor för ett fungerande och utvecklande samhälle. Anläggningssektorn avser inte bara infrastruktur utan är ett väldigt brett område där några ytterligare delområden är energianläggningar, industribyggnation och grundläggning. Studenter som tar examen från byggingenjörsprogrammet är mer förberedda att arbeta inom byggsektorn jämfört med anläggningssektorn. Utbildningen reflekterar idag inte det behov anläggningssektorn kräver. Arbetet grundar sig främst i intervjuer, enkätundersökningar och statistik. Examensarbetets syfte är att lyfta upp behovet av att integrera mer anläggningskunskap i byggingenjörsutbildningen alternativt att ge studenterna valmöjligheten att välja inriktning under utbildningen. Att kunna välja mellan en bygginriktning eller en anläggningsinriktning. Examensarbetet skall medföra en inblick i byggingenjörsutbildningen för Peab Anläggning och ge dom en möjlighet att påverka utbildningsupplägget efter deras behov. Målet med arbetet är att undersöka utbildningens brister och möjligheter i förhållande till anläggningssektorns behov. På ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt upplysa lärosäten och Peab Anläggning att de är beroende av varandra gällande studentens utveckling. Med det menas att båda parter skall visa tillräckligt intresse för att gemensamt utveckla studenterna och tillhandahålla de verktyg som krävs för det framtida yrkeslivet. För att skapa en väsentlig inriktning på detta arbete med konkreta ramar för innehållet har val av metod haft en stor betydelse. Författarna har övervägt mellan olika metoder som vidare resulterade i att två huvudmetoder användes för att uppnå det eftersträvade resultatet. Arbetet bygger på undersökningar i form av enkätundersökningar och intervjuer. Det påvisas att byggingenjörer inte är förberedda att arbeta inom anläggningssektorn i den grad som motsvarar byggingenjörer i byggsektorn. Enligt de undersökningar som genomförts visade det sig att hypotesen stämde. Detta beror på olika faktorer som tas upp i denna rapport. Anläggningssektorn behöver en rekrytering på ca 30 % av de nyexaminerade byggingenjörerna för att täcka marknadens behov. I dag är det ca 10 % av de nyexaminerade byggingenjörerna som startar en karriär inom anläggningssektorn. Arbetet med att utveckla studenter som läser till byggingenjörer bör styras mer mot anläggningssektorn. För att detta skall genomföras måste Peab Anläggning som en stor aktör i branschen ha ett större inflytande på skolan samt effektivisera sin marknadsföring av anläggningssektorn. Den största anledningen till att studenter inte söker sig till anläggningssektorn är deras brist på kunskap om branschen. En stor del av de som deltagit och samarbetat med författarna i arbetet med denna rapport påstår att de lärt sig för lite om anläggningssektorn under utbildningen och därmed inriktat sig mot byggsektorn. För att utveckla studenterna krävs det i första hand att utbildningen förändras. En ökad verklighetsförankring med en större variation av arbetsmiljöer för att klargöra alla aspekter av branschen. Genom att upplysa studenterna med fakta kring kommande projekt inom anläggningssektorn skapas ett intresse. Intresse vilket i sin tur skapar engagemang och en vilja att arbeta i ett anläggningsföretag. Trots bristen på byggingenjörer i anläggningssektorn anses byggingenjörsprogrammet bidra med de grundläggande egenskaper som krävs av en byggingenjör. Platschefer, arbetschefer och personalchefer ser på individen vid anställning. Utbildning är ett behörighetskrav som anses som en självklarhet då en tjänst söks på Peab. Individen som anställs ska i första hand ha en grundläggande kunskapsbas. Detta skall sedan följas av ett helhetstänkande som skapar förutsättningar för problemlösningar och ett ökat ansvarstagande. / the functioning and development of the society. Students whom graduate from the civil engineering program are more prepared and competent to work within the building sector compared with the construction sector. The civil engineering program does not reflect the need that the construction sector demands. The purpose of this thesis is to enlighten the need to integrate more construction courses into the civil engineering program or to give the students an option of direction within the program. To be able to choose between building or construction. This thesis will show Peab Construction an insight in the civil engineering program and give them the opportunity to influence the program setup after their own needs and demands. The objective with this thesis is to examine the inadequacies and possibilities of the program in relation to the needs that the construction sector requires and in some cases demand. In a systematic way prove to the education and Peab that they are dependent on each other regarding the development of the students. With that said, both parties need to know the importance of showing the proper interest in the development of the students by giving them the required tools that are required in the future employment. Methods used in the making of this report are interviews, surveys and different types of information literacy. The targeted group of people on which the interviews and the surveys were based on was students in the civil engineering program (first and third year), recent graduates (whom have been working for 0-2 years) and more experienced local managers. It is proven in this rapport that civil engineers are not as prepared to work in the construction sector as in the building sector. This is caused by various factors that are brought up in this rapport. The work which is put in to the development of the students reading civil engineering should be steered to the construction sector. If this is going to happen, Peab Construction as a big representative of the marked must increase their influence over the schools. They also need to optimize their promotion of the construction sector. The largest reason why the students aren’t applying to the construction sector is their lack of knowledge regarding the sector. Most of which whom participated and cooperated with the authors during the work of these studies claim that because they’d learn so little about the construction sector and therefor chosen to focus on the building sector. VI To develop the students properly, the first thing needed is to develop the education. What needs to be integrated into the education of civil engineers is an increased reality attachment that shows all the different aspects of the market. By enlightening the students with facts about future projects within the constructions sector, we create an interest. That interest will thereon lead to a deeper involvement and the will to learn more. Even though there is a lack of civil engineers in the construction sector the education seems to contribute with the basic knowledge that working in the construction sector demands. The chief staff of Peab Construction looks much more on the person of interest instead of the required degree. They want to know if this person has the basic knowledge of the market. This is then followed by whether the person is capable of unity thinking, which therefore leads to an easier understanding of problem solving and an increased responsibility.

Data are often the foundation of digital innovation and are seen as a highly valuable asset for any organization. Many companies aim to put data at the core of their business, but struggle with regulating data in complex environments. Data governance becomes an integral part for data-driven business. However, only a minority of companies fully engage in data governance. Research also lacks knowledge about data governance in complex environments such as digital platforms. Therefore, this thesis examines the role of data governance in digital platforms, by researching the conceptual characteristics of platform data governance. The iterative taxonomy development process by Nickerson et al. (2013) has been used to classify the characteristics of platform data governance. The results are derived from existing literature and motivated by new insights from expert interviews as well as a case analysis of a real-life platform. The final taxonomy shows that the conceptual characteristics of platform data governance are based on the dimensions purpose, platform data, responsibilities, decision domains and compliance. The findings address challenges of data governance in inter organizational settings and help practitioners to define their own data governance. Additionally, the thesis highlights the potential for future research.

Bygg- och anläggningssektorn har en stor inverkan på den globala uppvärmningen. Byggsektorn beräknas ha ett utsläpp på 15 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter per år. Byggbranschen är även världens största konsument av råvara och den står för 50% av global stålproduktion samt förbrukar mer än 3 miljarder ton råvaror. Cirkulär ekonomi är ett uppåtgående koncept inom flertalet sektorer och branscher för att skapa en hållbar utveckling. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka bygg- och anläggningssektorns förhållande till cirkulär ekonomin för att minska branschens klimatpåverkan. Vi vill undersöka hur byggsektorn kan bli klimatneutral med hjälp av cirkulära principer och initiativ som bland annat LFM30, vilket är en lokal färdplan för att uppnå de globala målen år 2030 för att bidra till ett hållbart byggande. Under analysen framkommer det hur utvalda företag ser på cirkulär ekonomi och deras kännedom kring ämnet. För att förverkliga den cirkulära ekonomins potential har flertalet arbetssätt identifierats av respondenter som arbetar inom ämnet vilket kan stödja den komplexa övergången till en cirkulär ekonomi i den byggda miljön. / The construction sector has a major impact on global warming and is estimated to have emissions of 15 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. The construction industry is also the largest consumer of raw materials, accounting for 50% of global steel production and consuming more than 3 billion tonnes of raw materials. Circular economics is an emerging concept in a wide range of sectors and industries for achieving a sustainable development. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the construction industry's view of circular economy in order to reduce the industry's climate impact. We want to explore how the construction sector can become climate neutral with the help of circular principles and initiatives such as LFM30, which is a local roadmap for achieving the global sustainable development goals for the year 2030, in order to contribute to a sustainable built environment. The analysis reveals how selected companies view circular economics and their knowledge of the subject. In order to realize the potential of the circular economy, different ways of working have been identified by respondents working within the subject,which can support the complex transition to a circular economy in the built environment.