The purpose of this study is to show what foods were made available to the children in the year 1943-1944; what foods the children chose from the available foods; what nutritive value the chosen foods possessed; and what the chosen lunches cost the children.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Boschero / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T00:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanzela_EmerielleCristine_D.pdf: 2535043 bytes, checksum: eee7b54cea5f470c5637de8c4b3385f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A obesidade atingiu proporções alarmantes constituindo-se num fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de várias doenças. O aumento da resistência periférica à insulina acompanha esta patologia e a incapacidade da célula beta pancreática em suprir a maior necessidade por insulina leva ao desenvolvimento de intolerância à glicose, hiperglicemia e diabetes. Por esta razão, é importante investigar mecanismos que tornem a célula beta capaz de aumentar sua capacidade secretória. A exemplo da obesidade, resistência periférica à insulina é também observada durante a prenhez. No entanto, neste caso, a célula beta é capaz de aumentar a produção e secreção do hormônio, mantendo a tolerância à glicose em condições adequadas. Diante disso,decidimos investigar a sensibilidade à insulina e a consequente resposta das células beta pancreáticas durante a prenhez em ratas obesas. Observamos que a alimentação com a dieta de cafeteria aumentou o ganho de peso, bem como os depósitos de gordura das ratas. Ratas obesas não-prenhes (Caf) e prenhes (CafP) apresentaram tolerância à glicose diminuída, associada a um aumento da insulina plasmática em resposta à sobrecarga de glicose no grupo CafP. Apesar disso, as glicemias de jejum e pós-prandial foram normais nos dois grupos. No entanto, as ratas Caf e CafP apresentaram hiperinsulinemia (jejum e alimentado), aumento do índice insulina/glicose e do AGL plasmático (alimentado). Ainda, houve redução na sinalização da insulina no fígado e músculo esquelético das ratas Caf e CafP, aos 15 e aos 19 dias de prenhez, de forma mais exacerbada do que a redução observada nas ratas controle prenhes. Em paralelo, as ilhotas isoladas das ratas Caf secretaram menos insulina em resposta a diferentes estímulos. Contudo, o conteúdo total de insulina, a secreção estimulada por PMA (ativador da PKC), a produção decompostos redutores e a oxidação de glicose, na presença de 11,1 mmol/L do açúcar, foram similares entre as ratas Caf e as controle não-prenhes. Entretanto, as ilhotas isoladas das ratas Caf apresentaram redução na mobilização do Ca2+ citoplasmático livre frente à glicose ou tolbutamida, acompanhada pela redução da expressão gênica da subunidade ?1.2 do canal de cálcio voltagem-dependente (CaVa1.2), e da Ca2+- ATPase do retículo endoplasmático tipo 2a. Independente da dieta, a prenhez aumentou a secreção de insulina em resposta à glicose, a produção de compostos redutores, a oxidação de glicose, a amplitude e a frequência das oscilações do Ca2+ citoplasmático e, a expressão gênica do CaVa1.2. Concluindo, a prenhez nas ratas obesas melhorou o manejo do Ca2+ e restaurou a secreção de insulina por ilhotas isoladas. Contudo, esta restauração não foi suficiente para vencer o aumento da resistência periférica à insulina e normalizar a tolerância à glicose nas ratas obesas / Abstract: The incidence of obesity reached alarming levels worldwide. This illness constitutes a risk factor for the development of several other diseases. The augmented peripheral insulin resistance accompanies this pathology, and the failure of the pancreatic beta cell to overcome the higher demand for insulin causes glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia and diabetes. For this reason, it became interesting to investigate mechanisms that make the beta cell capable to increases its secretory capacity. As obesity, peripheral insulin resistance is also observed during pregnancy. Nevertheless, in this situation, the beta cell is capable to enhance insulin production and release, maintaining glucose tolerance at adequate levels. Therefore, we decided to investigate insulin sensibility and the consequent beta cell response during pregnancy in obese rats. We observed that cafeteria diet enhanced weight gain and fat pads in rats. Despite no differences were noticed in obese non-pregnant (Caf) and pregnant (CafP) rats, during fast and fed states, the glucose tolerance was diminished in these rats, associated with an augmented plasma insulin levels in response to a glucose load inCafP rats. However, Caf and CafP rats had hyperinsulemia (fast and fed), higher insulin/glucose index, and enhanced plasma FFA (fed state). In addition, we observed a reduction in insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle from Caf and CafP rats, at15th and 19th days of pregnancy, higher than that registered in control pregnant rats. Also, there was a reduction in insulin secretion induced by different stimuli in is lets from Caf rats. However, total islet insulin content, PMA-stimulated insulin secretion, production of reducing equivalents, and glucose oxidation in the presence of 11.1mmol/L glucose, were similar between islets from Caf and non-pregnant control rats .Nevertheless, glucose- and tolbutamide-induced Ca2+ mobilization, a1.2 subunit of thevoltage sensitive Ca2+ channel (CaVa1.2), and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase 2a gene expression were reduced in islets from Caf rats. Independently of the diet, pregnancy enhanced glucose stimulated insulin secretion, reducing equivalents production, glucose oxidation, amplitude and frequency of cytoplasm Ca2+ oscillations, and CaVa1.2 gene expression. In conclusion, although pregnancy improved Ca2+ handling and restored insulin secretion in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats, this restoration was not enough to overcome the increase in peripheral resistance and normalize glucose tolerance in these obese rats / Doutorado / Fisiologia / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Dissertation thesis deals with proposals of possible improvement in communication mix in selected company. The dissertation is divided into three main sections. The first section is theoretical research which is outlook for analysis of current situation of the company. Practical part's target is to suggest solution which will lead to improvement of company's marketing communication.

Research has demonstrated that >5 servings of fruits and vegetables (F&V) per day improve health. Eighty-three percent of 18-24 year olds, including college students, do not meet recommendations. For the study, freshmen at MSU were recruited. Included freshmen (n=132), 6 percent, received a sociodemographic and intake survey. Eighty subjects, 61 percent, completed the survey. Of these subjects (n=33), 41 percent, participated in focus groups. X2 analyses assessed intake and sociodemographics. Paired t-test compared BMI and intake. Focus group analyses determined additional influences. Results indicated nine percent of subjects consumed >5 servings, and 23 percent of subjects consumed >3 servings. >3 servings was insignificant to sociodemographics. Significance occurred between income and french fry and salad, parental environment and french fry, and gender and white potatoes. Focus groups revealed additional factors influenced intake. In conclusion, F&V consumption was inadequate, placing students at health risks. Dietary interventions should address barriers other than sociodemographics.

The problem of this thesis consists primarily of a bacteriological survey of the eating utensils of Hardin College Cafeteria and twenty-five other eating establishments in the city of Wichita Falls, Texas. This investigation was made primarily with reference to a determination of the possible presence of typhoid and related organisms, and secondarily to an investigation of the actual presence of those bacterial organisms associated with the more common outbreaks of food poisoning.

This business plan has been developed in order to evaluate the feasibility for the start-up of a trading company based in Honduras and a Latin American Cafeteria based in Taipei, Taiwan, Eureka LLC. The present will also serve as an operational framework and plan for the first three years that the company will be in business. According to Taiwanese law, the company needs to have a representative from the home office and a manager that lives in Taiwan. Hence, Eureka LLC will have two founding partners, and will need a start-up capital of $44,347.64 which will be provided jointly in equal parts by the founding partners. While taking advantage of the current FTAs between Taiwan and some Latin American countries, this business plan will also serve to demonstrate the enormous potential that there is for trading between Latin America and Taiwan, not only for the economy of the countries but also for the well-being of Latin American expats living in Taiwan. The forecasts show that the business model works and it can let the company grow organically over time, by adding new products according to the demand or even by entering other Asian markets.

The aim of the study was to examine central auditory processes compromised by age, age-related hearing loss, and the presentation of a distracting cafeteria noise using auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). In addition, the relation of ERPs to behavioral measures of discrimination was investigated. Three groups of subjects participated: young normal hearing, elderly subjects with normal hearing for their age, and elderly hearing-impaired subjects. Psychoacoustic frequency discrimination thresholds for a 1000-Hz pure tone were determined in quiet and in the presence of a contralateral cafeteria noise. To elicit ERPs, small frequency contrasts were presented with and without noise under unattended and attended conditions. In the attended condition, behavioral measures of d′ detectability and reaction times were also obtained. Noise affected all measures of behavioral frequency discrimination significantly. Except N1, all ERP components in the standard and difference waveforms decreased significantly in amplitude and increased in latency to the same degree in all three subject groups, arguing against a specific age-related sensitivity to the effects of contralateral background noise. For N1 amplitude, the effect of noise was different in the three subject groups, with a complex interaction of age, hearing loss, and attention. Behavioral frequency discrimination was not affected by age but deteriorated significantly in the elderly subjects with hearing loss. In the electrophysiological test, age-related changes occurred at various levels. The most prominent finding in the response to the standard stimuli was a sustained negativity (N2) following P2 in the young subjects that was absent in the elderly, possibly indicating a deficit in the inhibition of irrelevant information processing. In the attended difference waveform, significantly larger N2b and smaller P3b amplitudes and longer N2b and P3b latencies were observed in the elderly indicating different processing strategies. The pronounced age-related changes in the later cognitive components suggest that the discrimination of difficult contrasts, although behaviorally maintained, becomes more effortful in the elderly.

A puberdade é uma fase do desenvolvimento marcada pelo surgimento de características sexuais secundárias e que culmina na capacidade reprodutiva do organismo. A puberdade inicia com a ativação dos neurônios que expressam o peptídeo hormônio liberador de gonadrotrofinas (GnRH), que resulta em modificação do padrão de liberação do hormônio luteinizante (LH) pelos gonadotrofos, e aumento da produção gonadal de 17β-estradiol (E2). O sistema kisspeptidérgico, composto pelo peptídeo kisspeptina (KiSS-1) e o receptor de kisspeptina (KiSS1r), parece ser um dos responsáveis pela ativação dos neurônios que secretam GnRH para o início da puberdade. Alguns trabalhos sugerem que esse sistema é modulado por sinais periféricos que sinalizam o estado de desenvolvimento e reserva de energia do organismo, como o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 (IGF-1) e o hormônio leptina, respectivamente. Estudos em humanos sustentam que há um adiantamento da idade de início da puberdade em meninas, atribuindo o excesso de adiposidade como um possível fator causal. Em condições de excesso de tecido adiposo, as concentrações de leptina e IGF-1 estão aumentadas, sugerindo que estes fatores possam exercer modulação sobre o sistema kisspeptina e adiantar a instalação da puberdade. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a ingestão alimentar e o desenvolvimento de obesidade sobre a instalação da puberdade e a participação de fatores-chave para a instalação da puberdade em fêmeas de rato Wistar alimentadas com Dieta de Cafeteria a partir do desmame. Foram utilizadas fêmeas de rato Wistar desmamadas aos 21 dias de vida. Os animais foram alocados para o grupo Controle (ração padrão e água ad libitum) e grupo Dieta de Cafeteria (alimentos processados consumidos por humanos). Diariamente, os animais foram inspecionados para a abertura vaginal (indicador de instalação da puberdade) e a ingestão alimentar foi monitorada. No dia da abertura vaginal, os animais foram decapitados e o encéfalo e sangue foram coletados e armazenados. Nas amostras contendo a Banda Diagonal de Broca e hipotálamo foi analisada a expressão dos genes Gnrh1, Kiss1, Kiss1r e Lepr. No soro, quantificou-se a concentração de LH, E2, leptina e IGF-1. Também foram dissecados e pesados o tecido adiposo intraabdominal, o útero, os ovários e as adrenais. Os resultados revelaram aumento da ingestão de energia e lipídeos e adiantamento da abertura vaginal no grupo Dieta de Cafeteria. O peso dos ovários foi aumentado pela Dieta de Cafeteria, embora o peso do útero e o peso das adrenais não tenham sido alterados. Esses animais tiveram menor peso corporal, porém com aumento do tecido adiposo intra-abdominal e da concentração de leptina, ambos associados entre si e com o dia da abertura vaginal no grupo Dieta de Cafeteria. A Dieta de Cafeteria não alterou a concentração sérica de LH e E2 no dia da abertura vaginal. O tratamento com Dieta de Cafeteria não modificou a expressão de Gnrh1 mRNA, Kiss1 mRNA e Kiss1r mRNA, porém aumentou a expressão de Lepr mRNA em amostras contendo a Banda Diagonal de Broca e hipotálamo. A maior concentração de leptina não foi correlacionada com a maior expressão de Lepr mRNA. Os resultados sugerem que a introdução precoce de alimentos processados pode alterar o padrão fisiológico de ingestão alimentar e estimular o desenvolvimento do tecido adiposo intra-abdominal e a liberação de leptina. Um limiar de concentração de leptina parece ser um elemento permissivo para a instalação da puberdade em condições controle, porém uma elevação precoce pode estimular os reguladores fisiológicos e adiantar o início da puberdade. / Puberty is a stage of development marked by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, culminating in the achievement of reproductive capacity. Some observational studies support the notion that there is an early onset of puberty in girls related to obesity. Puberty starts with the activation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) by gonadotrophs, and increased gonadal production of 17β-estradiol (E2). The kisspeptidergic system, comprising the kisspeptin peptide (KiSS-1) and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), seems to activate GnRH neurons and puberty onset. The kisspeptidergic system is modulated by peripheral signals related to the body energy storage, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the leptin. In an obesity situation, the levels of leptin and IGF-1 are increased, suggesting that these factors may exert modulation of the kisspeptidergic system and the puberty onset. Thus, this study examined the effect of obesity on puberty onset in female rats and the expression of key genes (GnRH, kisspeptin and its receptor) and its potential regulators (leptin, IGF-1 and E2). Wistar female rats weaned at 21 days were allocated to the Control group (chow and water ad libitum) or to the Cafeteria Diet group (processed foods consumed by humans). Every day, the animals were inspected for vaginal opening (puberty onset signal) and the food intake was measured. On the day of vaginal opening, the animals were decapitated and the brain and blood were collected and stored. Expression of genes Gnrh1, Kiss1, Kiss1r and Lepr were analyzed in the collected brains by qPCR. Serum LH, E2, leptin and IGF-1 were analyzed by ELISA. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue, the uterus, the ovaries and adrenal glands were also dissected and weighed. The results have shown higher energy and fat intake and early vaginal opening in the Cafeteria Diet group. The ovarian weight was increased by the Cafeteria Diet, although the weight of the uterus and adrenal have not changed. These animals demonstrated lower body weight, but with increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue and high leptin levels, both associated with each other and with the day of vaginal opening in Cafeteria Diet group. The Cafeteria Diet has not changed serum LH and E2 on the day of vaginal opening. Treatment with Cafeteria Diet has not changed the expression of Gnrh1 mRNA, Kiss1 mRNA and Kiss1r mRNA, but increased the expression of Lepr mRNA in brain samples from Diagonal Band of Broca and hypothalamus. The higher concentration of leptin was not associated with the increased expression of Lepr mRNA. The results suggest that early access to processed foods can change the physiological pattern of food intake and stimulate the development of obesity and the release of leptin. A leptin threshold appears to be a permissive factor for puberty onset under control conditions, but it may overlap other physiological regulators and trigger early puberty onset in obesity conditions.

A obesidade tornou-se um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo, e o aumento na ingestão de alimentos hipercalóricos tem contribuído significativamente para o desenvolvimento desta doença. Este distúrbio metabólico pode ocasionar diversas outras comorbidades. Por outro lado, o estresse crônico, seja associado à obesidade ou não, leva a diferentes alterações neuroendócrinas e psicológicas. Estruturas cerebrais, especialmente o hipotálamo, estão envolvidas no controle do apetite. Atualmente, o hipocampo também tem sido associado ao controle do consumo alimentar. Neste contexto, o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) que é amplamente expresso em todas as regiões do cérebro e desempenha um papel importante na sobrevivência neuronal e na neuroplasticidade tem sido associado à regulação da homeostase energética e da ingestão alimentar. Assim, o objetivo desta tese foi investigar os efeitos da obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica sobre parâmetros neuroquímicos e comportamentais com base em dois protocolos experimentais. No primeiro protocolo experimental, 30 ratos Wistar adultos foram divididos igualmente em 2 grupos de acordo com modelo de dieta: grupo controle, que recebeu ração padrão, e grupo dieta de cafeteria, alimentado com dieta de cafeteria. O objetivo do protocolo experimental foi investigar os efeitos da obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica em parâmetros neuroquímicos e comportamentais. Foram avaliados ganho de peso, comportamento hiperfágico, comportamento do tipo ansioso e atividade locomotora no labirinto em cruz elevado e no aparato de campo aberto, respectivamente. Também foram avaliados os níveis de BDNF e a susceptibilidade ao dano induzido por H2O2 com liberação de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) em tecido hipocampal. Foi possível observar que a exposição à dieta de cafetaria durante 6 semanas resultou em obesidade, hiperfagia e aumento na atividade locomotora. Animais obesos mostraram diminuição dos níveis de BDNF e aumento da susceptibilidade a danos celulares no hipocampo. As alterações comportamentais em resposta à exposição à dieta de cafeteria podem ser relacionadas com os seus efeitos neuroquímicos no cérebro, e a deficiência na regulação do apetite (hiperfagia) que pode estar associada à perda de integridade do hipocampo. No segundo protocolo experimental, 32 ratos Wistar adultos foram divididos igualmente em 4 grupos de acordo com a dieta hipercalórica (modelo de dieta de cafeteria) e modelo de estresse crônico por restrição: grupo controle que recebeu dieta padrão; grupo estresse que foi exposto ao modelo de estresse crônico por restrição; grupo dieta hipercalórica, que recebeu a dieta hipercalórica e grupo estresse + dieta hipercalórica, que foi exposto ao modelo de estresse crônico por restrição e recebeu dieta hipercalórica. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da obesidade associada com o estresse crônico sobre os níveis centrais de BDNF. O peso do animal e a ingestão calórica foram empregados como parâmetros de obesidade enquanto o peso relativo da glândula adrenal foi empregado como parâmetro de estresse. Demonstrou-se que o estresse crônico por restrição, por 12 semanas, aumenta o peso da glândula adrenal, diminui os níveis de BDNF no hipocampo e está associado com decréscimo na ingestão de sacarose, caracterizando anedonia. O aumento na glândula adrenal demonstra a intensa estimulação desta estrutura. A diminuição no consumo de sacarose associada à diminuição do BDNF hipocampal pode sugerir um comportamento depressivo. Por outro lado, os ratos que receberam a dieta hipercalórica tiveram aumento na ingestão de calorias e tornaram-se obesos, resultado que foi associado a uma diminuição dos níveis de BDNF hipotálamo. / Obesity has become one of the most serious worldwide public health problems and increment on hypercaloric food intake has contributed significantly to the development this disease. This metabolic disorder can lead to various other comorbidities. On other hand chronic stress, whether associated with obesity or not, leads to different neuroendocrine and psychological changes. Brain structures, especially hypothalamus, are involved in food control. Currently the hippocampus also has been associated with energy intake. In this context, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that is widely expressed in all brain regions and plays an important role in neural survival and neuroplasticity has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of hypercaloric diet-induced obesity associated or not to chronic stress by restriction on neurochemical and behavioral parameters based on two experimental protocols. In first experimental protocol 30 Wistar adults rats were equally divided on two groups according to diet model: control group that received standard rat chow and cafeteria diet group that received cafeteria diet model. The aim of the experiment protocol was to investigate the effects of hypercaloric diet-induced obesity on neurochemical and behavioral parameters. Were evaluated the weight gain, hiperfagic behavior, and the anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity on Plus Maze and the Open Field tests, respectively. Were evaluated also the BDNF levels and susceptibility to H2O2-induced oxidative damage with LDH release of hippocampal tissue. In this experimental protocol was possible to observe that exposure to the cafeteria diet for six weeks resulted in obesity, hyperphagia and increased on locomotor activity. Obese animals showed decreased BDNF levels and increased susceptibility to cellular damage in the hippocampus. The behavioral consequences of exposure to the cafeteria diet may be related to its biochemical effects on the brain and impairments food intake regulation (hyperphagia) might be associated to the loss of hippocampal integrity. In second experimental protocol 32 Wistar adults rats were divided on four groups according to hypercaloric diet (cafeteria diet model) and chronic restraint stress model: (C) control total group that received standard rat chow; (S) stress group that was exposure to chronic restraint stress model and received standard rat chow; (HD) group that received hypercaloric diet and (SHD) stress group that was exposure to chronic restraint stress model and received hypercaloric diet. The aims of experimental protocol were to evaluate the effect of obesity associated with chronic stress on the BDNF central levels of rats. Obesity was controlled by analyzing the animals’ caloric intake and changes in body weight. As a stress parameter, was analyzed the relative adrenal gland weight. This experimental protocol demonstrated that chronic restraint stress for 12 weeks increased the weight of the adrenal gland, decrease BDNF levels in the hippocampus and is associated with a decrease in sucrose intake, characterized anhedonia. The increase in the adrenal gland demonstrates the intense stimulation of this structure. The decrease in the consumption of sucrose associated with decreased hippocampal BDNF may suggest a depressive behavior. On the other hand, mice that received hypercaloric diet had an increased caloric intake and became obese, which was associated with a decrease in BDNF levels hypothalamus.

Principais causas de morbi-mortalidade mundial, as doenças cardiovasculares têm o inicio de sua fisiopatologia em idade precoce e, maior predisposição para seu desenvolvimento na vigência das manifestações clinicas da síndrome metabólica como intolerância à glicose, resistência à insulina, obesidade, dislipidemia e hipertensão. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos, sobre variáveis morfométricas, metabólicas e hemodinâmicas associadas às alterações no controle autonômico. Foram utilizados 32 animais, distribuídos em 2 grupos, com delineamento experimental que compreendeu o tratamento com a dieta (24 semanas) e a coleta dos dados. O modelo experimental usado permitiu observar presença de maior adiposidade abdominal, triacilglicerídeos aumentados caracterizando dislipidemia, aumento da glicemia de jejum e redução da resposta de decaimento da glicose, mostrando aumento da resistência à ação periférica da insulina. Observaram-se também HDL-c mais baixo, similaridade nos valores de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca e alterações importantes no controle autonômico como, redução da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, modificação no balanço simpato-vagal em favor da modulação simpática sobre a vagal, e correlação direta com os níveis de triacilglicerídeos. Em conjunto, esses achados demonstraram que a dieta de cafeteria induziu alterações de peso corporal e dos depósitos de gordura visceral (TAB) e muscular (TAM) em ratos normotensos acompanhadas de alterações precoces do sistema nervoso autônomo, identificando-se um papel relevante e precoce desse sistema na fisiopatologia da doença cardiovascular associada à alterações metabólicas. / Cardiovascular disease that has been the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the global world has the beginning of its pathophysiology in precocious age and, greater predisposition for its development in the validity of the clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome as to the glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension. This study was lead with the objective to evaluate the effect of the cafeteria diet in rats, on morphometric, metabolic and hemodynamic parameters associated with the alterations of autonomic control. Rats (n=32) were distributed in 2 groups, one under cafeteria diet and the other on standard food (24 weeks). At the end of the experimental period data were collected. The treated animals presented bigger abdominal adiposity, increased tryacilglicerides characterizing dyslipidemia and increased of the fasting glycemia. The rate of glucose decay was also reduced showing increased peripheral insulin resistance. It was also observed lower HDL-c levels while values of arterial pressure and heart rate did not change. However significant changes in autonomic control of circulation as reduction of heart rate variability as well as increased sympathovagal balance were also observed. These changes were positively correlated with tryacilglicerides levels indicating that cafeteria diet induced not only alterations of body weight but also of the adipose deposits characterizing visceral (WAT) and muscular fat (BAT). Finally the results suggest that autonomic changes may be the early marker of cardiovascular impairment associated with metabolic illness.