The telenursing service deals with offering the public guidance as what to do with their health and illness concern. More specifically this service includes triage, support, advice, education, referral, information and coordination. To conduct telephone advice is a complicated task to perform and put specific demands of the nurse’s communication skills. The purpose of this study was to critically review the impact of telephone counseling focused on context of implementation, perspective, design and clinical relevance by a sample of studies within the field. The critical review focused on inconsistencies in the material. Strengths and weaknesses of the studies were explored, with emphasis on detecting areas of skill gaps. Twelve of thirteen studies were made in the context of telenursing. The thirteenth was conducted in the context of the emergency call. The most prominent approach was the study of callers´. Two of the articles were made with an inductive design, five with a deductive and the remaining six articles with a mixed design. The clinical relevance is attached to the callers´ perspective. The most salient dimension of the analyzed studies were studies of callers´ satisfaction with telephone advice, compliance to advice given and experiences of approaching a telenurse. The results reveal that when given advice are understood, satisfaction with the advice is obtained as well as good compliance and the caller feel looked after. However, the callers´ experience to ventilate their concerns, being listened to, while having "control" over the call is less explored. Moreover, the callers´ experience of being subject to advice by telephone seems to be further explored.

by Ng Tou-Kun. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64). / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / What is Calling Number Display Service --- p.1 / Benefits of CND --- p.2 / Disadvantages of CND --- p.4 / Launch of CND Service in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Research Objectives --- p.8 / Scope of Study --- p.8 / Structure of Report --- p.9 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10 / Launch of CND Service in Foreign Countries --- p.10 / The Adoption Process --- p.12 / The Diffusion Process --- p.13 / Implications to Marketers --- p.14 / Strategy for Introductory Stage --- p.15 / Market Segmentation --- p.17 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.19 / Survey Method --- p.19 / Sample Design --- p.20 / Questionnaire Design --- p.20 / Pilot Test --- p.22 / Data Collection --- p.22 / Data Analysis --- p.22 / Chapter IV. --- RESULTS OF SURVEY --- p.23 / Demographic Information --- p.23 / Subscriber Line Information --- p.25 / Classification of Respondents --- p.26 / Awareness of CND Service --- p.27 / People Interested in CND Service --- p.29 / People Intended to Subscribe CND Service --- p.29 / CND Subscribers --- p.30 / Attitude towards CND Service --- p.30 / Attitude towards Hongkong Telecom as Service Provider --- p.32 / Association between Consumer Attitude with Service Adoption --- p.34 / Association between Demographics and Subscriber Usage Information with Service Application --- p.37 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION --- p.39 / Market Situation --- p.39 / Market Planning --- p.40 / Market Segmentation Strategy --- p.40 / Product Development Strategy --- p.41 / Promotional Strategy --- p.43 / Pricing Strategy --- p.44 / Limitations --- p.44 / Epilogue --- p.47 / APPENDICES --- p.48 / Chapter I. --- Network Service License of Hong Kong Telephone Company : Extracted Clause on Confidentially of Customer Information --- p.48 / Chapter II. --- Questionnaire of Survey --- p.49 / Chapter III. --- Association of CND Benefit Malicious Call Reduction with Service Adoption --- p.57 / Chapter IV --- Association of CND Benefit Warmer Greeting to Friends with Service Adoption --- p.58 / Chapter V. --- Association of Importance of Selective Call Answering with Service Adoption --- p.59 / Chapter VI. --- Association of Importance of Back Calling with Service Adoption --- p.60 / Chapter VII. --- Association of Importance of Warmer Greeting to Friends with Service Adoption --- p.61 / Chapter VIII. --- Association of Importance of Ease of Service Operation with Service Adoption --- p.62 / Chapter IX. --- Association of Education Level with Service Adoption --- p.63 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.64

<p>Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) arises as a new standard of establishing and releasing connections for vast variety of multimedia applications. The protocol may be used for voice calls, video calls, video conferencing, gaming and many more.</p><p>The 3GPP (3^rd Generation Partnership Project) suggests SIP as the signalling solution for 3^rd generation telephony. Thereby, this purely IP-centric protocol appears as a promising alternative to older signalling systems such as H.323, SS7 or analog signals in PSTN. In contrast to them, SIP does not focus on communication with PSTN network. It is more similar to HTTP than to any of the mentioned protocols. </p><p>The main standardisation body behind Session Initiation Protocol is The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The most recent paper published on SIP is RFC 3261 [5]. Moreover, there are working groups within IETF that publish suggestions and extensions to the main standard. One of those extensions is “Caller Preferences for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)” [1]. </p><p>This document describes a set of new rules that allow a caller to express preferences about request handling in servers. They give ability to select which Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) a request gets routed to, and to specify certain request handling directives in proxies and redirect servers. It does so by defining three new request header fields, Accept-Contact, Reject-Contact, and Request-Disposition, which specify the caller preferences. [1]. </p><p>The aim of this project is to extend the existing software with caller preferences and evaluate the new functionality.</p>

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) arises as a new standard of establishing and releasing connections for vast variety of multimedia applications. The protocol may be used for voice calls, video calls, video conferencing, gaming and many more. The 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) suggests SIP as the signalling solution for 3rd generation telephony. Thereby, this purely IP-centric protocol appears as a promising alternative to older signalling systems such as H.323, SS7 or analog signals in PSTN. In contrast to them, SIP does not focus on communication with PSTN network. It is more similar to HTTP than to any of the mentioned protocols. The main standardisation body behind Session Initiation Protocol is The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The most recent paper published on SIP is RFC 3261 [5]. Moreover, there are working groups within IETF that publish suggestions and extensions to the main standard. One of those extensions is “Caller Preferences for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)” [1]. This document describes a set of new rules that allow a caller to express preferences about request handling in servers. They give ability to select which Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) a request gets routed to, and to specify certain request handling directives in proxies and redirect servers. It does so by defining three new request header fields, Accept-Contact, Reject-Contact, and Request-Disposition, which specify the caller preferences. [1]. The aim of this project is to extend the existing software with caller preferences and evaluate the new functionality.

Background: Histone modifications play an important role in gene regulation. Their genomic locations are of great interest. Usually, the location is measured by ChIP-seq and analyzed with a peak-caller. Replicated ChIP-seq experiments become more and more available. However, their analysis is based on single-experiment peak-calling or on tools like PePr which allows peak-calling of replicates but whose underlying model might not be suitable for the conditions under which the experiments are performed. Results: We propose a new peak-caller called \"Sierra Platinum\" that allows peak-calling of replicated ChIP-seq experiments. Moreover, it provides a variety of quality measures together with integrated visualizations supporting the assessment of the replicates and the resulting peaks, as well as steering the peak-calling process. Conclusion: We show that Sierra Platinum outperforms currently available methods using a newly generated benchmark data set and using real data from the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Project. It is robust against noisy replicates.

Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva rådgivningssamtalet vid centrala sjukvårdsrådgivningar. Studien har gjorts som en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Studien har baserats på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som har sökts fram via Cinahl och PubMed. Resultatet visade att rådgivningssamtalet innehöll en gemensam interaktion och bedömningsprocess, där sjuksköterskan analyserade och tolkade det objektiva och subjektiva i den vårdsökandes hälsoproblem för att nå fram till samförstånd i beslut och åtgärd. Processen skedde i ett ansiktslöst icke fysiskt vårdmöte mellan sjuksköterskan och den vårdsökande och kunde beskrivas utifrån fyra faser 1) att samla information 2) att analysera och tolka 3) att bedöma 4) att åtgärda. Sjuksköterskans möjligheter med samtalet var att skapa en bra relation och god kontakt, analysera hälsoproblemet och bedöma behov av vård och tolka den vårdsökandes känslor av upplevelsen runt symtom och situation. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde svårigheter med att ställa de rätta frågorna och att hantera känslor hos den vårdsökande. De vårdsökandes möjligheter var att bli vägledda och lotsade, hjälp att hantera oro och stöd till egen förmåga att hantera hälsoproblemet samt att bli tagen på allvar och att få vara delaktig. Att inte få respekt och bekräftelse av känslor och önskningar runt hälsoproblemet samt att bli behandlad som ett objekt var svårigheter för den vårdsökande i rådgivningssamtalet. Rådgivningssamtalets innehåll kan beskrivas som en process med fyra faser liknande vårdprocessen med en gemensam interaktion och beslutsprocess mellan sjuksköterskan och den vårdsökande för att nå fram till samförstånd i beslut och åtgärd. / The aim of the present literature studie was to describe the process of telephone nursing at the central medical care help line. Article search was performed through PubMed and Cinahl. The results showed that counseling call could be described by four phases 1) collect and disseminate information 2) analysis and interpretation 3) assessment 4)proceed. Opportunities for the nurse were to create a good relationship and good contact, analyze health problem and assess care needs and interpret the care seekers feelings of experience of the symptoms and situation. Results showed that nurses experienced difficulty in asking the right questions and to manage emotions of the care seekers. The care seekers opportunities in counseling call were to get their health assessed and guidance in managing their health problems, both practical and emotional. Not getting the respect and acknowledgment of feelings and desires around health problem were difficulties for the care seekers in the counseling call. The conclusion from this study is that the call may be described as a process with four phases similar to the care process with an interaction and decision-making with the nurse and the care seekers together to reach consensus in decision and action.

Bakgrund: Telefonrådgivning är en växande verksamhet och utgör en stor del av distriktssköterskans arbete på vårdcentral. För vårdsökande innebär det att få råd, information och stöd för att öka tryggheten i vardagslivet. Det behövs ökad kunskap om äldres erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning för att bättre kunna förstå de vårdsökandes behov och för att vidare utveckla verksamheten. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva äldre vårdsökandes erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning på vårdcentral. Metod: I studien har en kvalitativ deskriptiv design med induktiv ansats använts. Datainsamling har skett via tio intervjuer med äldre vårdsökare som har fått telefonrådgivning via vårdcentral och materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I analysen framträdde två teman Få kontakt och Kommunikation.  I Få kontakt presenteras kategorierna: Telefonsystemet och Strategier för kontakt med tillhörande underkategorier. I Kommunikation presenteras kategorierna: Bemötande och Förutsättningar med tillhörande underkategorier. Slutsats: Telefonsystemet som används för att få kontakt kan ses både som en tillgång och ett hinder för kontakt. Äldre vårdsökande använder olika strategier för att underlätta kontakt med vårdcentral. Kommunikation mellan telefonsjuksköterskan och den äldre vårdsökanden kräver att det finns bra förutsättningar. Om kommunikationen dem emellan är god och den vårdsökande får vara i centrum blir vårdmötet tillfredsställande och den vårdsökande känner sig hjälpt. Om kommunikationen brister och den vårdsökande inte får vara i centrum kan vårdmötet bli otillfredsställande och leda till att vårdsökanden istället känner sig stjälpt. Slutsatsen är att telefonrådgivning på vårdcentralen kan både hjälpa och stjälpa den äldre vårdsökande. / Background: Telephone nursing is a large part of the nurse's work at the health center. The caller wants to get advice, information and support in everyday life. With this work we want to enhance the understanding of older people's experiences of telephone nursing at health center to further develop the telephone nursing from elderlies perspective. Aim: The aim is to describe the elderly caller’s experiences of telephone nursing at health center. Method: The study has a qualitative descriptive design with an inductive approach. Data was collected through 10 interviews with elderly callers who had received telephone nursing and the data was analyzed by a qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in to two themes Get Contact and Communication. In Get Contact the following categories appeared: Phone system and Strategies for Contact with related subcategories. In term Communication the following categories appeared: Treatment and Conditions with related subcategories. Conclusion: The telephone system that is used for contact with the health center can be seen both as an asset and obstacle. Elderly callers use different strategies to facilitate the contact. It is important that there are good preconditions for the communication. If the communication between the nurse and elderly caller is good and the caller is in focus, the caller will feel helped and satisfied with the telephone meeting. If there is lack of communication and the caller is not in focus, the telephone meeting can be unsatisfied and lead to a feeling of being overturned.

Bakgrund: I Sverige kan man nå legitimerade sjuksköterskor per telefon via 1177 och via vårdcentraler. Genom telefonrådgivning utför sjuksköterskor adekvata och välgrundade omvårdnadsbedömningar. Uppringaren vägleds utifrån samtalet till lämplig vårdnivå. Telefonsjuksköterskor upplever att telefonrådgivning är stressigt och att det är svårt att göra bedömningar via telefon.  Syfte: Att studera uppringarens syn på telefonrådgivning enligt vetenskaplig litteratur.  Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats och mixad metod. Totalt inkluderades 15 artiklar. Resultatet redovisades utifrån en induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre teman framträdde, samtalskvalitet, kvalificerad rådgivning och mottagandet. Uppringare upplevde att det kunde vara svårt att uttrycka sig, de uppskattade ett gott bemötande och ville känna att de blev förstådda av telefonsjuksköterskor samt att de själva ville förstå rådgivningen som erhölls. Uppringare uppskattade att få samtala med en kunnig telefonsjuksköterska. Uppringare skattar väntetider, tillgängligheten och ett gott bemötande från telefonsjuksköterskor högt. Även rådgivningen påverkar uppringares tillfredsställelse.  Slutsats: Det är viktigt för sjuksköterskor som arbetar med telefonrådgivning att säkerställa att uppringare har förstått den informationen som lämnats ut och de behöver vara medvetna om hur de ska bemöta uppringare. Att organisationer inom hälso- och sjukvården utformar en arbetsmiljö som är fungerande för telefonsjuksköterskor och genomför regelbundna utbildningar i kommunikation, med syfte att säkerställa goda möjligheter att tillmötesgå uppringare och därmed öka patientsäkerheten. / Background: In Sweden you can reach licensed nurses by telephone through 1177 and through healthcare centers. Through telephone counseling nurses make adequate and well-founded nursing assessments. The caller is guided based on the conversation to the appropriate level of care. Telephone nurses experience that telephone counseling is stressful and that it´s difficult to make assessments by telephone. Purpose: To study the caller's view of telephone counseling according to previous literature. Method: Descriptive mixed method literature study with an inductive approach. A total of 15 articles were included. The results were reported on the basis of an inductive content analysis. Results: Three themes emerged, quality of communication, qualified counseling and to be received. Callers experienced that it could be difficult to express themselves and they appreciated a good treatment. Callers wanted to feel that the telephone nurses understood their situation and the information given by them. Callers appreciated it if the conversation was with a knowledgeable telephone nurse. Callers highly value waiting times, availability and good treatment from telephone nurses. Counseling also affects callers' satisfaction.  Conclusion: It’s important for nurses who work with telephone counseling to ensure that callers have understood the information provided and they need to be aware of how to respond to callers. Organizations in the healthcare system should design a work environment that is functional for telephone nurses and give regular education in communication, to ensure good opportunities to accommodate callers and thereby increase patient safety.

This master's thesis is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the development of a simulation model of a current controller and a physical drive unit, both implemented in Simulink with the use of legacy code and regulated with field oriented control. The second part concerns the development of a dead-time compensation algorithm. The dead-time is a small delay added to the pulse width modulation signal to diminish the risk of a short circuit in the power electronics. The dead-time causes a voltage distortion, resulting in distorted phase currents, a lower bandwidth and ultimately a decreased machine accuracy. The new simulation environment was able to simulate a real life scenario with promising results. Hence, it could be used to evaluate the dead-time compensation algorithms. Three different dead-time compensation algorithms were implemented and they all showed an increased smoothness of the phase currents as well as an increased controller bandwidth. Both these features are desirable outcomes and all three algorithms show potential to improve accuracy when implemented in a real system.

Nanopore DNA sequencing is a novel method forsequencing DNA where an electronic signal is modulated bynucleotides passing through nanosized pores embedded in a mem-brane. While current state-of-the-art solutions employ recurrentneural networks to analyse the signal, temporal convolutionalnetworks have recently been shown to match or outperformrecurrent networks in signal processing tasks. In this project, weinvestigate the performance of temporal convolutional networkson a simplified version of the sequencing task, where thegoal is to predict the nucleotides passing through the pore ateach instance in time, without reconstructing the correspondingDNA sequence. The impact of several network parameters onpredictive performance is analysed to determine an optimalarchitecture. While the implemented networks are shown tobe proficient at predicting nucleotides within the pore, thecurrent implementation is unlikely to outperform state-of-the-art solutions without further improvement. / En nyligen utvecklad metod för att sekvensera DNA innefattar att en elektrisk signal moduleras genom att nukleotider passerar genom porer i nanostorlek. I kommersiella lösningar analyseras denna signal med hjälp av maskininlärning via Recurrent Neural Networks, men en variant av neruala nätverk som kallas Temporal Convolution Networks har nyligen har visat sig ha bättre prestanda jämfört med Recurrent Networks för olika typer av signalbehandlingsproblem. Målet med detta projekt är att undersöka användbarheten av Temporal Convolutional Networks för en förenklad version av DNA-sekvensering, där uppdraget endast är att identifera de nukleotider som passerar genom poren vid varje given tidpunkt, istället för att rekonstruera en komplett DNA-sekvens. För att kunna bestämma en optimal arkitektur på nätverket så undersöks effekten av flera olika parametrar. De implementerade nätverken visas ha god förmåga att klassificera nukleotider, men är troligtvis i behov av ytterligare förbättringar för att kunna konkurrera med nuvarande kommersiella lösningar. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm