The key aim of this thesis was to create a complex and detailed guide for organization of a children's camp focusing on the first aid and population protection. Based on the guide, a lay reader will be able to create their own camp and that without any experience with the issue. Among partial aims, preparing material for camp's realization including the camp's narrative preparation, assessing program and games, and producing teaching materials for the program and camp leaders training were listed. Another partial aim was the camp execution and overall detailed assessment. In a theoretical part of the thesis, we took a closer look into the issue of free time pedagogy and its influence on child upbringing. We also wrote what kind and type of camps we know and what camp organization involves, including legislation, budget and financing, activities and program structure. In the thesis results, we describe an exact organization procedure of our own camp focusing on the first aid and population protection, which took place from July 30, 2017 to August 6, 2017 in Rajecká Lesná. The exact same procedure is described as a guide, which includes two parts, the preparation organized before the beginning of the camp and the camp's execution itself. The preparation part involves the grounds selection, budget and financing determination, and specifically determined monthly preparation schedule. The realization part includes the camp's motivational narrative, a whole-camp game, the manuals for camp leaders and a general framework program for the specific camp days. The days are individually stated in the precise timetable which includes a program prepared for the given camp focus. In the discussion, we assess the success of the camp execution along with the individual days description. We believe this thesis will serve as a basis for organization of the camps with the similar focus in the future.

Master of Public Health / Human Nutrition / Richard R. Rosenkranz / Background: Children who obtain insufficient physical activity (PA) have increased risk for chronic diseases. From childhood to adolescence, there is typically a decline in overall PA, with a more rapid decline in girls, at a younger age. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of two types of organized PA instructional conditions (structured no-choice, structured choice) on girls’ PA levels, as compared to free-play at a summer camp in Russia. We hypothesized that free-play would elicit the highest levels of PA. Methods: This study used a within-subjects cross-over trial design. Thirty-two girls (aged 10.7± 0.6yr; BMI percentile 47± 31%) at a Russian summer camp, attended daily 35-minute PA sessions for three weeks. Using the evidence-based Coordinated Approach to Child Health physical activity box, three PA instructional conditions (structured choice, structured no-choice, free-play) were implemented each day. Actical PA monitors collected step count and PA intensity data. Mixed model ANOVAs were used to assess differences in step counts and percentage of time in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) by instructional condition. Results: Twenty-five of the 32 participants attended all sessions, and 31 attended at least two of three sessions for each condition. Both structured conditions, no-choice steps/min (mean= 42.7 steps/min; 95%CI= 39.6–45.7; p= 0.0003) and choice condition steps/min (mean= 41.0 steps/min; 95%CI= 37.9–44.1; p= 0.004) were significantly higher than free-play steps/min (mean= 33.4 steps/min; 95%CI= 30.2–36.5). Percent time in MVPA was higher in the no-choice condition (mean= 30.9%; 95%CI= 28.1–33.8; p<0.0001) and choice condition (mean= 30.8%; 95%CI= 27.9–33.7; p< 0.0001) when compared to free-play (mean= 21.2 steps/min; 95%CI=18.2–24.1). There was no difference in steps/min or percentage time in MVPA between both structured conditions. Conclusion: Both types of instruction were superior to free-play with regard to PA level. Although contrary to our hypothesis, our results fit with previous literature that suggests evidence-based instructional interventions can promote higher PA levels in physical education sessions. Our results suggest that well-planned, stimulating PA sessions can increase short-term PA levels in girls compared to free-play opportunities in a Russian summer camp setting.

Master of Science / Department of Computer Science / Daniel A. Andresen / This thesis presents a curriculum designed for 5th and 6th grade students attending a summer camp for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. The curriculum uses several concepts from educational theory and computer science education research. It also uses techniques such as cognitive apprenticeship, expansive framing, and scaffolded lessons to increase student learning outcomes. It was taught during two cohorts of a STEM summer camp. The curriculum is analyzed through self-efficacy surveys both before and after the class, measuring how students judged their own capability to use skills learned during the class. Analysis of the data shows that the increase in student self-efficacy has a medium to large effect size overall, as well as student self-efficacy with many computational thinking skills. Data from various population groups based on gender, previous STEM experience, and socio-economic status indicators is also analyzed. Finally, many areas of future work and improvement are presented and discussed. The outcome of this work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the curriculum presented in increasing student self-efficacy with computational thinking skills, specifically by showing the links between content in the curriculum and specific computational thinking skills.

abstract: The death of a parent or sibling for youth under age 18 is life-altering and necessitates support and opportunities for expressing grief. Scholarship from psychology and medical disciplines often equates youthful grieving as a disease to be cured rather than a natural process to be experienced. Stage-based grief models explain adults coping with loss of loved ones by working through a series of discrete phases mostly tied to deficit-based emotions such as anger or depression. Progressive grief models have been emerging throughout the past 20 years in response to stage-based models; however these models tend to highlight deficit-based emotions and are applied to youth as afterthoughts. Thus, there is a noticeable absence of research exploring positive or strength-based emotions in adolescent grief from a communicative, youth-centered perspective. A communicative approach to exploring adolescent grief narratives offers a practical yet pliable theoretical lens for interpreting meaning from mourning. Using qualitative methods, I conducted full participant research as a volunteer with Comfort Zone Camp, a national organization sponsoring weekend-long grief camps for youth. I engaged in participant observation while volunteering to explore the communicative processes of 26 grieving adolescents and also conducted post-camp follow-up interviews with youth, parents, and adult volunteers. Analysis was based on 192 field work hours, 11 interview hours, artifacts, and camp documents. Findings of the dissertation indicate grieving adolescents use communicative processes, including sharing emotional pieces, co-authoring loss, and naming hurt, to perform a range of emotions. Along with deficit-based emotions, grieving adolescents perform strength-based emotions, including confidence, forgiveness, happiness, deservingness, hope, gratitude, resilience, love, and compassion. Evidence also supports that grieving campers performed compassion individually and in groups. Theoretically, this dissertation expands on existing grief theory by demonstrating that adolescents communicate strength-based emotions in grief, captured visually in the Concert of Emotions model. This study expands on compassion theory by exploring implications of collective compassion expressions. Specifically, this dissertation offers the co-performing sub-process to account for collective compassion extending past compassion models that focus on individual expressions. Practically, this research yields new understanding into how grieving adolescents constitute themselves as compassionate, helpful contributors as they face loss. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication Studies 2015

In this essay I aim to examine how camp could be used as a method in the reading of camp as a theory. This will be followed by an analysis of how The Watermelon Woman (Cheryl Dunye, 1996) could be seen as an expression of camp. I am intending to do so by using camp as a method combined with queer phenomenology and theory about social abjection. By having a phenomenological base I hope to show how camp is contextual - and how its resistance is fluid. In my analysis I will look closer at the relationship between Dunye, the director, Cheryl, the protagonist - played by Dunye, and Fae - the actress who has been lost in the archives. Together, they show how camp becomes a method in the film itself, as a film, as well as a film within the film. Camp will be my method in the reading of The Watermelon Woman, claiming that the film as well uses camp as a method - both as an aesthetic expressions and as a (re)writer of history.

Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP (cAMP and cGMP) are important second messengers in key signal-transduction pathways that mediate various physiological functions in bacteria and eukaryotes. Adenylyl Cyclases (ACs) and Guanylyl Cyclases (GCs) cyclize ATP and GTP to produce cAMP and cGMP, respectively. Though most nucleotide cyclises show exquisite specificity for their substrates, there are instances where ACs were observed to have low GC activity as well, and vice versa. To understand structural basis of substrate (ATP or GTP) recognition, discrimination and binding by an adenylyl cyclase, we have taken up Ma1120, an AC from Mycobacterium avium, for our studies. Work presented in the thesis includes crystal structures of Ma1120 in the presence of substrate (ATP or GTP), by-product pyrophosphate and ATP analogue 2′,5′-dideoxyd-3′-adenosine triphosphate (2′,5′-dd-3′-ATP). A triple mutant of Ma1120 (K101→E, D157→G, A167→Y) was generated to increase specificity of Ma1120 towards GTP by mutation in the substrate specifying residues, but the enzyme showed equal specificity for ATP as well as for GTP. Ma1120 exists as a monomer in solution and crystallized as a monomer in the absence of substrate or inhibitor. The substrate specifying lysine residue plays a dual role of interacting with the substrate and stabilizing the dimer. The dimerization loop region harbouring the second substrate specifying residue, an aspartate, shows significant differences in conformation and position between the monomeric and dimeric structures. Thus, this study has not only revealed that significant structural transitions are required for the interconversion of the inactive and the active forms of the enzyme, but also provided precise nature of these transitions. ATP bound to Ma-Cat has two different conformations, one with C2′-endo and the other with C3′-endo puckering for the ribose. C3′-endo conformation is favourable for catalysis as it brings 3′-OH group of ribose and free oxygen of α-phosphate closer to each other. The crystal structure of GTP bound to Ma-Cat showed a novel mode of GTP binding to AC. This is the first report of GTP bound to AC. ATP bound to Ma-Cat-KDA→EGY forms non-cognate substrate complex and ATP is stabilized by stacking of adenines over each other with Tyr167 flanking on both sides of adenines. Ma-Cat-KDA→EGY+GTP complex is the first report of GTP bound to a guanylyl cyclase. GTP is bound in reverse orientation when compared to ATP bound to AC. Reverse orientation of GTP is attained to stabilize the guanine in highly electronegative guanine binding pocket. Also, O3' of GTP is placed in opposite orientation as compared to ATP bound to Ma-Cat. Therefore, during cyclization reaction guanine and ribose changes their orientation to bring O3' atom of ribose closer to α-phosphate, after cleavage of the bond between α- and β-phosphates. Thus, this study has revealed novel modes of binding of ATP and GTP to catalytic domains of Ma1120 and its triple mutant, mechanism of substrate discrimination and residual activity for the non-cognate substrate.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this research is Sarandi Camp belonging to the Movement of Landless Rural Workers, located in the north of Rio Grande do Sul, region of genesis of the Movement. Given the symbolism that this region represents the landless, the goal of MST is to keep alive the Movement where it was created. It was with this purpose that, in 2004, members of MST camped in the region, having as target Coqueiros Farm, the largest rural property in the north of the state. Coqueiros Farm represents the search for a new landmark of struggle which until recently was linked to Annoni Farm. From then on, this study, supported by ethnography through the participant observation and the intersubjective contact with the camp intends to study the identification process of the group camped in Sarandi with the goals and principles of MST, for such individuals live in a scenery of mutual aid and conflict. The life in Sarandi Camp is characterized by formation periods and solidarity experiences, but it is not an exempt space from conflicts and disagreements. The outlook for the conquest of land which provides the confluence of individual trajectories is actually the representation of the lack of prospects from a social group carrying calloused biographies by the social and economic suppression and from these experiences, the perception emerges from the life in the Camp is better than the life outside it. Thus, the MST sustained by the labels of agrarian reform, socialism, cooperatives and agro-ecology transforms into a movement of reception and maintenance of basic needs that the State doesn t furnish. / O objeto desta pesquisa é o Acampamento Sarandi, pertencente ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, localizado no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, região de gênese do Movimento. Diante da simbologia que esta região representa aos sem-terra, o objetivo do MST é manter vivo o Movimento onde ele foi criado. Foi com este propósito que, em 2004, integrantes do MST acamparam na região, tendo como alvo a Fazenda Coqueiros, maior propriedade rural do norte do estado. A Coqueiros representa a busca de um novo referencial de luta, referencial este, que até pouco tempo, esteve vinculado à Fazenda Annoni. A partir disso, este estudo, sustentado pela etnografia através da observação participante e do contato intersubjetivo com o campo pretente estudar os processos de identificação do grupo de acampados em Sarandi com os objetivos e princípios do MST, sendo que tais indivíduos convivem em meio a um cenário de auxílio mútuo e conflito. A vida no Acampamento Sarandi se caracteriza por períodos de formação e vivências solidárias, porém não é um espaço livre de conflitos e desencontros. A perspectiva pela conquista da terra, que fornece a confluência de trajetórias individuais, é na verdade a representação da carência de perspectivas de um grupo social portador de biografias calejadas pela supressão social e econômica e, destas experiências vivenciadas, se origina a percepção de que a vida no Acampamento é melhor que a vida fora dele. Desse modo, o MST sustentado pelos rótulos da reforma agrária, do socialismo, do cooperativismo e da agroecologia transfigura-se em um movimento de acolhida e de manutenção das necessidades básicas, não atendidas pelo Estado.

Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T20:14:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9176452 bytes, checksum: 5f4f63aa09fa5845db797f2aa69a9236 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T20:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9176452 bytes, checksum: 5f4f63aa09fa5845db797f2aa69a9236 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Asthma is a condition characterized by reversible chronic inflammation and hyper responsiveness of airways, with a pharmacotherapy well established. However, due to asthma heterogeneity, some patients did not respond to treatment. So, trying to contribute in the development of new candidates to antiasthmatic drugs, we decided to assess a possible relaxant action of PDE4 inhibitors N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives (LASSBio-448, -1624, -1832, -1846, -1847, -1848, -1849, -1850 and -1851) in functional model of trachea from non-asthmatic and asthmatic guinea pigs, as well as to characterize the action mechanism of the most promising derivative. All experimental protocols were approved by CEUA/UFPB (certificate 0610/11). Initially, we realize the implementation and standardization of a guinea pig asthma model using ovalbumin (OVA) as sensitizer agent, and it was histologically observed morphological changes associated to asthma, as hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer, inflammatory cells infiltration and vascular abnormalities. Moreover, rings from sensitized guinea pig trachea showed to be responsive to OVA, differently to the non-sensitized animals. Functionally, the contractile agonist CCh presented efficacy and potency similar between non asthmatic and asthmatic animals, differently histamine demonstrated to be equipotent between the animals, but with a higher efficacy in the asthmatic guinea pigs. In turn, the relaxant agonist aminophylline and isoprenaline presented similar potency and efficacy in both non asthmatic and asthmatic animals. Generally, in the step of pharmacological screening of N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives, they presented a equipotent relaxant action and independent of relaxing factors derived from epithelium in both animals groups, with exception of LASSBio-1850 that presented a low efficacy (< 50%) and LASSBio-1847 with a 4 fold higher potency on asthmatic guinea pigs. Among the derivatives evaluated, LASSBio-1632, -1846 and -1847 were the one with higher pharmacological potency on asthmatic animals, and LASSBio-1847 was the most promising and selected to the step of characterization of action mechanism on non-asthmatic and asthmatic guinea pig. Such as LASSBio-1847 was synthetized as a PDE4 inhibitor, an enzyme that hydrolyze cAMP, and the β2 -adrenergic receptors are responsible to initiate the signaling involved to cAMP production on airway smooth muscle, we used propranolol, a β2-adrenergic non-selective blocker, to assess the participation of these receptors. So, we observed that the LASSBio-1847 relaxant curve was shifted showing the involvement of β2 -adrenergic receptors in both animal groups. Since these receptors lead to adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation, we decided to investigate its participation in the LASSBio-1847 relaxant effect. Therefore, we used forskolin, an AC activator, and evidenced that the relaxant curve was 54- and 4-fold shifted to the left in non-asthmatic and asthmatic animals, respectively, indicating that LASSBio-1847 could be acting in a synergic or facilitate the AC activation. β2-adrenergic receptors/AC activation lead to cAMP production that is regulated be its hydrolyzes by PDEs. To evaluate the contribution of these enzymes, we used aminophylline, a non-selective inhibitor of PDEs, and concentration-response curve to aminophylline was shifted to the left in the presence of LASSBio-1847 with gain in the potency around 147- and 4-fold in non-asthmatic and asthmatic animals, respectively, suggesting that the derivative acts by a possible PDE inhibition. The effector the β2-adrenergic receptors/AC/cAMP pathway is PKA, so to confirm its positive modulation by LASSbio-1847, we used H-89, a PKA inhibitor, observed a reduction in the relaxant potency of the derivative, confirming the modulation of this pathway. Until now, all finding have indicated a possible increase in [cAMP]c and to confirm this hypothesis it was carried out the measurement of tissue levels of cAMP by ELISA, that demonstrated that LASSBio-1847 indeed increase the [cAMP]c in a similar magnitude to rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, in both animals. Thus, it was established the implantation of the guinea pig asthma model, as well as the evaluated N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives presented relaxant activity on guinea pig trachea in both non asthmatic and asthmatic animals in an epithelium independent manner, and LASSBio-1847 showed to be one of the most promising compounds in relax this organ by activation of β2-adrenergic receptors/AC/cAMP pathway and inhibit the PDEs, culminating to elevation of [cAMP]c. / A asma é uma doença caracterizada por inflamação crônica e hiper-responsividade reversível das vias aéreas, apresentando uma farmacoterapia bem estabelecida. No entanto, devido a heterogeneidade dessa enfermidade, alguns pacientes não respondem apropriadamente ao tratamento. Assim, visando ajudar no processo de desenvolvimento de novos candidatos a fármacos antiasmáticos, decidiu-se avaliar a possível ação relaxante de uma série de derivados N-sulfonilidrazônicos inibidores de PDE4 (LASSBio-448, -1624, -1832, -1846, -1847, -1848, -1849, -1850 e -1851) em um modelo funcional de traqueia de cobaias não asmáticos e asmáticos, bem como elucidar o mecanismo de ação do derivado mais promissor. Todos os protocolos experimentais foram aprovados pelo CEUA/UFPB (certidão 0610/11). Inicialmente, realizou-se a implantação e padronização de um modelo de asma em cobaias utilizando ovalbumina (OVA) como agente sensibilizador, onde se observou histologicamente, alterações morfológicas inerentes ao quadro asmático, como hipertrofia da camada muscular lisa, presença de infiltrado de células inflamatórias e anormalidades vasculares. Além disso, os anéis de traqueia de cobaias sensibilizados mostraram-se responsivos à OVA, diferente dos não sensibilizados. Funcionalmente, o agonista contrátil CCh apresentou potências e eficácias relativas similares entre os animais não asmáticos e asmáticos, diferentemente do que se observou para o agonista contrátil histamina, que demonstrou ser equipotente entre os dois grupos de animais, mas com uma maior eficácia nos animais asmáticos. Por sua vez, os agonistas relaxantes aminofilina e isoprenalina apresentaram potências e eficácias relativas similares entre os animais não asmáticos e asmáticos. De modo geral, na etapa de triagem farmacológica dos derivados N-sulfonilidrazônicos, estes apresentaram um efeito relaxante equipotente e independente dos fatores relaxantes derivados do epitélio tanto nos animais não asmáticos quanto nos asmáticos, com exceção do LASSBio-1850 que mostrou apenas uma eficácia moderada (< 50%) e o LASSBio-1847 que apresentou um incremento de potência de cerca de 4 vezes nos animais asmáticos. Dentre os derivados avaliados, o LASSBio-1632, -1846 e -1847 foram os de maior potência farmacológica nos animais asmáticos, sendo esse último o mais promissor e selecionado para a etapa de caracterização do mecanismo de ação nos cobaias não asmáticos e asmáticos. Como o LASSBio-1847 foi sintetizado como um inibidor das PDE4, uma enzima que hidrolisa o cAMP, e os receptores adrenérgicos-β2 são um dos principais responsáveis pela sinalização que leva a produção desse segundo mensageiro no músculo liso das vias aéreas, utilizou-se o propranolol, um bloqueador adrenérgico-β não seletivo, para avaliar a participação desses receptores. Observou-se que houve desvio da curva de relaxamento do LASSBio-1847 para a direita evidenciando a participação dos receptores adrenérgico-β em ambos os grupos de animais. Como esses receptores levam a ativação da adenilil ciclase (AC), decidiu-se investigar o envolvimento da mesma no efeito relaxante do LASSBio-1847. Para tanto, utilizou-se a forscolina, um ativador de AC, e evidenciou-se que a curva de relaxamento da forscolina na presença do derivado foi deslocada para a esquerda em cerca de 54 e 4 vezes nos animais não asmáticos e asmáticos, respectivamente, mostrando que o LASSBio-1847 poderia agir sinergicamente ou favorecer a ativação da AC. A ativação do receptor adrenérgico-β2/AC leva a produção de cAMP que é contrabalanceada por sua hidrólise via PDEs. Para avaliar o envolvimento dessas enzimas, utilizou-se a aminofilina, um inibidor não seletivo de PDEs. A curva-concentração resposta à aminofilina foi desviada para a esquerda na presença do LASSBio-1847 com potencialização do efeito em torno de 147 e 4 vezes, nos animais não asmáticos e asmáticos, respectivamente, sugerindo que o efeito do derivado ocorre por uma possível inibição de PDEs. O efetor da via receptor adrenérgico-β2/AC/cAMP é a PKA, assim para confirmar a modulação positiva dessa via utilizou-se o H-89, um inibidor da PKA, e observou-se que houve uma atenuação na resposta relaxante do derivado, confirmando a modulação dessa via. Até o momento, todos os achados nos indicaram um possível aumento na [cAMP]c e para confirmar essa hipótese foi realizado a medida dos níveis teciduais de cAMP por ELISA, que demonstrou que o LASSBio-1847 realmente eleva a [cAMP]c, numa magnitude similar ao rolipram, em ambos os grupos de animais. Assim, ficou estabelecido a implantação do modelo de asma em cobaias, além de se evidenciar que os derivados N-sulfonilidrazônicos avaliados possuem atividade relaxante em traqueia de cobaias não asmáticos e asmáticos de forma independente de epitélio, sendo o LASSBio-1847 um dos mais promissores em relaxar esse órgão por ativar a via de transdução do receptor β2/AC/cAMP/PKA e inibir as PDEs, que culmina com a elevação da [cAMP]c.

Submitted by ENER VANESKI FILHO (enervan@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-05T14:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TERRITÓRIOS EM MOVIMENTO OS BRASIGUAIOS SEM TERRA NA REFORMA AGRÁRIA.pdf: 2047868 bytes, checksum: 0cd06411247e6b0531ba853c931655fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-06T18:27:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vaneskifilho_e_me_ippri.pdf: 2047868 bytes, checksum: 0cd06411247e6b0531ba853c931655fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T18:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vaneskifilho_e_me_ippri.pdf: 2047868 bytes, checksum: 0cd06411247e6b0531ba853c931655fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho é uma aproximação teórica e prática sobre um grupo de agricultores que saíram do Brasil em diversos momentos a partir de 1950, rumo ao leste do Paraguai, e que a partir de 1985 começam a retornar de forma organizada, são eles reconhecidos como brasiguaios. A pergunta que motivou esse trabalho foi a de pesquisar as razões de porque depois de tantas “idas e vindas”, inclusive desrespeitando as fronteiras nacionais, esse grupo lutou e segue lutando por uma identidade “camponesa” através da reforma agrária. Para isso a pesquisa buscou através de trabalho de campo as origens do termo junto aos primeiros retornados, hoje moradores do município de Novo Horizonte do Sul no Mato Grosso do Sul, e no acampamento “Antonio Irmão Brasiguaio”, em Itaquiraí – MS. Depois de uma discussão sobre a formação do campesinato na América Latina, no Brasil e na região estudada, o estudo buscou também reconstruir historicamente fatos que incentivaram o deslocamento do Brasil para o Paraguai, o histórico da estrutura agrária nos dois países e por fim o retorno e a inserção no processo de busca por reforma. A forma movimento e a forma acampamento servem para pensar desde o retorno a atualidade da questão, a linguagem utilizada para negociar com o Estado e a construção de uma identidade de projeto. A plasticidade do território é o resultado da movimentação dessas famílias no espaço. Buscamos relatos de diversos atores envolvidos nesse processo, que como em uma espiral seguem em curso, já que novos acampamentos têm surgido nessas fronteiras e reivindicam direitos baseados em uma particularidade; a de ser brasiguaio. / This work is a theoretical and practical approach on a group of peasants who left Brazil at various times since 1950 towards the east of Paraguay, and since 1985 begin to return in a organized way, as they are recognized as brasiguayos. The question that had motivated this work was to investigate the reasons why after so many "comings and goings", including ignoring national borders, this group had struggled and continues their effort for an peasant identity through agrarian reform. For that, this work had sought through fieldwork the origins of the nomenclature with the first returned, today residents of the municipality of Novo Horizonte do Sul in Mato Grosso do Sul, and the camp "Antonio Irmão Brasiguaio" in Itaquiraí - MS. After a discussion about the formation of the peasantry in Latin America, in Brazil and in the region studied, the work had also sought to historically reconstruct events that encouraged the displacement from Brazil to Paraguay, the history of the agrarian structure in both countries and finally the return and the inclusion in the search process for reform. The movement form and camp form serve to think the question's return to nowadays, the language used to negotiate with the State and building a project's identity. The plasticity of the territory is the result of the movement of these families in space. We had sought stories of some actors involved in that process, as in a spiral following its course, as new camps have emerged in these borders and they claim for rights based on a particularity; to be brasiguayo. / Este trabajo es una aproximación teórica y práctica de un grupo de agricultores que salieran del Brasil en varias ocasiones desde 1950, hacia el este de Paraguay, y en 1985 comienzan a regresar de manera organizada después del 1985. Se les reconoce como brasiguayos. La pregunta que motivó este trabajo fue investigar las razones por qué después de tantas "idas y venidas", incluyendo la no observancia de las fronteras nacionales, este grupo luchó y sigue luchando por una identidad campesina a través de la reforma agraria. Este trabajo buscó por medio de trabajo de campo los orígenes de la palabra junto a los primeros repatriados, hoy los vecinos de la municipalidad de Novo Horizonte do Sul en Mato Grosso do Sul, y el campamento "Antonio Irmão Brasiguaio" en Itaquiraí - MS. Después de una discusión sobre la formación de los campesinados en Latinoamérica, en Brasil y en la región estudiada, el trabajo trata de reconstruir históricamente los acontecimientos que estimularon la salida de Brasil a Paraguay, la historia de la estructura agraria en ambos países y, finalmente, el retorno y la inclusión en el proceso de búsqueda de la reforma agraria. La forma movimiento y la forma campamento son utilizadas para pensar desde el regreso a la actualidad del tema, el lenguaje utilizado para negociar con el Estado y la construcción de una identidad de proyecto. La plasticidad del territorio es el resultado del movimiento de estas familias en el espacio. Buscamos los testimonios de los diversos actores involucrados en este proceso, que como en una espiral siguen su trayecto, formando nuevos campamentos que han surgido en esas fronteras y vindicando derechos basados en una particularidad: ser brasiguayo.

John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant authored two of the most famous pieces of work in ethical theory (Utilitarianism and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, respectively), yet both fail for various reasons to give us direction by way of living good lives. This thesis begins by outlining those shortcomings, before offering Aristotelian virtue ethics as the solution. Virtue ethics, as conceived by Aristotle, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Julia Annas, delineates a process – grounded in our real lives – by which we may improve as people and therefore flourish, or live good, moral lives: the habituation of the virtues. Importantly, virtue ethics is a process, (not a set of outcomes) and is teachable, which distinguishes it from the other two theories. In developing the virtues, we are able to discover goods internal to the practices that define our lives, whether those are our work, our school, our relationships, or something else entirely. Furthermore, the virtue-ethical approach helps us learn from and grow in our emotional lives, as opposed to casting emotions aside as a skewing force contrary to morality. Virtue, as I will show, lays the groundwork for love, and therefore for flourishing relationships across our lives. In the final chapter, I examine a place where virtue and virtuous love are effectively taught and embraced: Camp Lanakila, in Fairlee, VT. I conclude by offering some takeaways from Lanakila that we may incorporate in our schools, our places of work and worship, our families, and our lives.