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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The purpose of this research study was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between teachers' cognitive role taking aspect of empathy and the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL); English, Reading scores of their students. A correlational research design using hierarchical multiple regression was used to look for this relationship. In order to control for what previous research has shown to contribute to student achievement, a teacher's years of experience, degree level, self-efficacy beliefs about managing classroom behavior and a teacher's expectations for her students were measured and placed into the regression equation. The empathy measure was taken from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index created by Mark H. Davis, Ph.D. The subscale measuring the cognitive role taking aspect of empathy was used in conjunction with the subscale on self-efficacy beliefs about managing classroom behavior from the Teacher Interpersonal Self-Efficacy instrument. The subscale on teacher expectations was created based on research by Jussim and Eccles (1992), Harris and Rosenthal (1985) and Gottfredson, Marciniak, Birdseye and Gottfredson (1995). The study attempted to see if the relationship was stronger based on the ethnicity and course level of the students. The results indicate that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, so it is indicating that there is not a relationship. However, the results also indicated that the other teacher variables for which this study controlled were also not contributing to the variance in the test scores. These findings led to the conclusion that standardized tests, by their very nature, may possibly not be susceptible to teacher attributes or dispositions. Further, it was concluded that teachers may need to acknowledge that the SOL tests may be measuring a very small part of student achievement that, in many cases, can be considered learning to pass the tests. If education is supposed to prepare students to be educated citizens of a democracy, it is important to remember that classroom instruction must do more than focus on training students to pass standardized tests.

Ma, Chao. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 1 & 2 in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Initial Research Objectives and Questions --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Key Terms in the Study --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Social capital --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- "Trustworthiness, social networks and social norms" --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Mutual help --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Seeking help --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Giving help --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Theoretical Base of Mutual Help: Social Capital......: --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Networks or relationships --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Trustworthiness and social norms --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mutual Help --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Mutual help groups or self-help groups --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Mutual help in the context of Shanghai --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Seeking help --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Giving help --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Refining Research Objectives --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Framework --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Propositions of the survey study --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Operationalization framework --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Implementation of Survey Study --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Overview of the survey design --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Measurement: questionnaire --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Sampling --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- The population of the survey --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Sample size --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Data collection --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Data analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Items and four indices --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Statistics methods for data analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Quality of survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.6.1 --- Pilot study --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.6.2 --- Reliability --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- Implementation of Individual Interview Study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- Encountered Problems and Solutions --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Data Analysis of Survey Study --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Helping and Help-seeking Indices of Shanghai People --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Helping index --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Help-seeking index --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Mutual aid tendency --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Trustworthiness --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Index of trust when helping --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Index of trust when seeking helping --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Correlations between Helping and Help Seeking Indices and Trust Indices --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4 --- Social Norms and Helping and Help-seeking Behaviors --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Importance of social expectations, self-accomplishment and reciprocity when helping" --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Importance of face losing and reciprocity when seeking help --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- Demographic-social-economic Statuses --- p.71 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- "Non-significance: Gender, Income and Religion (not/Catholic and Christian, Western/Eastern)" --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- "Significance on help seeking behavior and trustworthiness during help seeking: Education, marital status, job (student/no/yes), age, work unit, religion (no/yes), occupation (employed and unemployed)" --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- Education --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- Marital status --- p.79 / Chapter 4.5.2.3 --- Job (student/no/yes) --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5.2.4 --- Age --- p.82 / Chapter 4.5.2.5 --- Work unit --- p.85 / Chapter 4.5.2.6 --- Religion (no/yes) --- p.87 / Chapter 4.5.2.7 --- Occupation (employed and unemployed) --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Agreement of Idioms and Mutual Help Society of Shanghai Citizens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Agreement of idioms of helping of Shanghai citizens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Agreement of Shanghai citizens on mutual help society --- p.91 / Chapter 4.7 --- Opinions of Citizens --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Opinions of Shanghai citizens on government and individual responsibility --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Opinions of Shanghai citizens on who bears responsibility to enhance mutual help --- p.92 / Chapter 4.8 --- Summary --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Individual Interviews Data Analysis Synthesized with Survey Analysis --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- Brief Introduction of 6 Cases: Purposive Sampling --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Individual interviews through phone: Case A, B" --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- "Individual Interviews face-to-face: Case C, D, E, F" --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Helping Experiences, Trust and Influencing Social Factors" --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Helping experiences --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Helping vulnerable people --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Helping good friends --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Helping family members --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Trust --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Social factors influencing helping behaviors --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Summary --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Help Seeking Experiences, Trustworthiness and Influencing Factors" --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Help seeking experiences --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Family members --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- Good friends --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Trust --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Influencing social factors --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Summary --- p.118 / Chapter 5.4 --- Mutuality --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Mutuality in helping and help- seeking behaviors --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Reciprocity --- p.120 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Summary --- p.122 / Chapter 5.5 --- Improving Mutual Help Culture and determining Responsibility for Building Mutual Help and Mutual Trust Society --- p.123 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Government --- p.123 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Communities --- p.125 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Schools --- p.126 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Social Workers --- p.127 / Chapter 5.5.5 --- Mass media --- p.128 / Chapter 5.5.6 --- Individuals --- p.128 / Chapter 5.5.7 --- Summary --- p.129 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.130 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- "Conclusions, Discussions, Implications" --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Helping and seeking help behaviors --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Trustworthiness and social norms --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Strategies: whose responsibility to build mutual help society --- p.134 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Respondents' background --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussions --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Helping Behaviors --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Helping Seeking Behaviors --- p.136 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Whose responsibility and How to improve --- p.138 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications --- p.149 / Chapter 6.3. 1 --- Implementation for social policy --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Implementation for social work development and practice --- p.153 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- "Implementations for social work education by school, family and mass media" --- p.154 / Reference --- p.156 / Appendix --- p.170

Compassion is an important tenet of nursing care delivery. When compassion is compromised, such as with compassion fatigue (CF), not only is patient care compromised, but also caregivers can be physically and psychologically affected, resulting in stress and burnout. The purpose of this project was to create a web-based educational toolkit focused on prevention of CF, establish the content validity of the elements in this toolkit, and make recommendations regarding its implementation and sustainability. Watson's theory of human caring guided this project. Ten experts with at least 10 years of experience and CF knowledge, a bachelor's degree in nursing, and certification or leadership experience validated the toolkit content using a content validity index. Ten toolkit elements were evaluated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a score of 0.79 or greater indicating relevance to content. Items meeting the score included the definition of CF, signs and symptoms, resources to prevent CF, the CF pledge, tools and links, and the goal and mission of the toolkit. A toolkit on CF might impact social change by providing resources for nurses to recognize and prevent CF, thus improving patient care.

The link between compassion and caring at all levels of nursing practice and the enhancement of the patient experience is well-documented. However, the techniques nurse executives use to incorporate caring into their daily practice while coping with competing organizational priorities is poorly understood. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study, guided by Watson's theory of human caring, was to examine detailed accounts of the experiences of nurse executives incorporating compassion and caring into their daily practice, including techniques they use to build and sustain compassion and caring while balancing competing priorities. A purposive sample of 10 nurse executives participated in the study. Audio recordings of each participant's face-to-face interview were transcribed and coded using NVivo 12 software while the demographic surveys were analyzed using SurveyMonkey. The data analysis was performed using the interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) process. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (a) preparation for executive role, (b) execution of responsibilities, (c) demonstration of caring, and (d) balancing influences. The key findings revealed that caring permeates the nurse executive's practice and nurse executives require mentorship to effectively execute their function. Based on these results, nurse executives should focus on welcoming guidance from other experienced mentors and nurse leaders. Nursing administrators, educators, and researchers can use these findings to design further research exploring the experience of nurse executives from additional settings, cultures, and ethnicities. Positive social change may result from this work by providing direction to nurse executives seeking to successfully navigate corporate culture while improving the staff work environment, quality of care, staff retention, and patient outcomes through compassion and caring.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Reformed Theological Seminary, 2006. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-230).

<p>Hjärt-kärlsjukdomar är ett av det vanligaste folkhälsoproblemet i Sverige. Årligen drabbas cirka 40 000 människor av hjärtinfarkter i Sverige, av dessa är andelen kvinnor 42 procent. <em>Problem</em>: Det har visat sig att kvinnor löper en större risk av att drabbas av depression och ångest, upplever en sämre livskvalitet samt inte genomför livsstilsförändringar i samma utsträckning som män efter en hjärtinfarkt. <em>Syfte:</em> Att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av livet efter en hjärtinfarkt. <em>Metod</em>: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie med elva vetenskapliga artiklar utförd efter Evans analysmetod. <em>Resultat:</em> Det åskådliggjordes att kvinnorna efter hjärtinfarkten inte längre vågade lita på sina kroppar. Detta gav känslor av oro och rädsla och ledde till en ovisshet inför framtiden. Vården sågs i många fall som bristfällig. Kvinnorna uttryckte att deras roll och förhållande inom familjen förändrades. Nya tankar infann sig efter hand och positiva utkomster av hjärtinfarkten kunde ses. <em>Slutsatser</em>: Sjuksköterskan måste beakta många aspekter i mötet med kvinnor som drabbats av hjärtinfarkt och en helhetssyn är viktig. Familjen behöver involveras i vården. Hänsyn måste tagas till vilken information som ges och om tidpunkten är lämplig. Kvinnorna behöver hjälp av sjuksköterskan att på bästa sätt tillvarata det friska och resurser hos sig själva.</p>

<p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Alkoholberoende skapar stor makt över en människas liv och kan beskrivas som en ond accelererande spiral. Smärtsamma känslor dövas med alkohol men ger på sikt ett ökat lidande och personen kan inte längre kontrollera sin situation. Den alkoholberoende flyr in i en förnekelse inför sig själv och andra vilket skapar än mer lidande. <strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med studien var att beskriva den alkoholberoendes upplevelser av sin livsvärld. <strong>Metod: </strong>För att besvara syftet användes en kvalitativ ansats och som datamaterial användes fyra självbiografier. Dessa analyserades utifrån en latent innehållsanalys. <strong>Resultat:</strong> Resultatet redovisas i två huvudteman med tillhörande subteman. Studien visar att de alkoholberoende känner ett stort lidande genom sitt drickande. Beroendet var så starkt och det fanns inte längre något val att dricka, det blev ett måste. Känslor som kontrollförlust, förnekelse, skam och skuld beskrevs av de alkoholberoende som en följd av sin situation. <strong>Slutsats:</strong> Studien ger en ökad förståelse för den alkoholberoendes livsvärld och kan ge goda möjligheter för en god vårdrelation.    </p>

<p><strong>Sammanfattning:</strong></p><p>Smärta är ett av de vanligast förekommande symtomen hos patienter på akutmottagningen. Obehandlad smärta leder till fysiska och psykiska konsekvenser som orsakar individen stort lidande. Detta kan få till följd att patientens tilltro till sjukvården undermineras. Adekvat smärtbehandling är en grundsten i sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete.</p><p>Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans smärtbedömning och smärtbehandling inom akutmottagningsverksamhet. Studien utfördes som en litteraturstudie där 18 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet visar att faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans smärtbedömning och smärtbehandling kan kopplas till organisation, människosyn, kunskap och kommunikation och att dessa berör varandra. Ökad kunskap kan utgöra en positiv påverkansfaktor inom alla dessa teman, därför bör fortlöpande utbildning och även handledning inom området ges till yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor. Det finns behov av fördjupad forskning på området, gärna kvalitativa studier för att öka förståelsen för vad som påverkar sjuksköterskan i hennes smärtbehandlingsåtgärder.</p>