Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lewis Carroll’s classic children’s tale Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, as well as its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, have the reputation of being the most quoted and translated texts of all time, after the Bible and Shakespeare. The status of the Alice books as timeless classics is confirmed by the numerous translations and adaptations of the texts that have already been made and is still being made. In this study, a descriptive investigation of André P. Brink’s Afrikaans translation of Carroll’s classic children’s books is undertaken in order to investigate whether the translation is still suitable for Afrikaans readers today. Brink’s Afrikaans translation of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1965, and his translation of Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There in 1968. Firstly, an overview of the most important theoretical contributions to translation studies since the nineteen-eighties is given to provide a foundation for the investigation and description of translations. Relevant terminology, such as adequacy and acceptability, will be explained. Emphasis will especially be placed on the interaction between the theoretical contributions, which will serve as a basis for the conclusion drawn regarding the suitability of the translation. The conclusion will be based on an application where the translation will be investigated. The translation is studied from a theoretical point of view on macrostructural as well as microstructural level. In the macrostructural analysis, references to the title, cover pages, illustrations, chapter titles, and the (in)visibility of the translator will be made. The microstructural analysis comprises an investigation of how Brink dealt with translation problems that arose during the particular translation. As a result of the investigation of the translation, conclusions can be drawn regarding the suitability of the translation for current readers. A recommendation on the possibility of a retranslation is also offered. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lewis Carroll se klassieke kinderverhaal Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland en die opvolg Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, het die reputasie as die tekste wat, naas die Bybel en Shakespeare, die meeste aangehaal word en vertaal word van alle tekste. Die status van die Alice-verhale as tydlose, klassieke verhale word bevestig deur die verskeie vertalings en verwerkings daarvan wat reeds gedoen is en steeds onderneem word. In hierdie studie word ’n beskrywende ondersoek van André P. Brink se Afrikaanse vertaling van Carroll se verhale onderneem om vas te stel of die vertalings vir huidige lesers steeds gepas is. Brink se Afrikaanse vertaling van Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is reeds in 1965 gepubliseer en die vertaling van Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There in 1968. ’n Oorsig oor die vernaamste vertaalteoretiese bydraes sedert die tagtigerjare word eerstens gebied as gronding vir die bestudering en beskrywing van vertalings. Relevante terminologie, waaronder geskiktheid en aanvaarbaarheid, kom ook aan bod. Daar word veral klem gelê op die interaksie tussen die teoretiese bydraes, wat gesamentlik dien as ’n grondslag vir die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak word oor die gepastheid van die vertaling. Die oordeel oor die gepastheid, al dan nie, van die vertaling word gegrond op ’n toepassing waar die vertaling bestudeer word. Die vertaling word vanuit ’n vertaalteoretiese oogpunt op makro- sowel as mikrovlak bestudeer. Op makrovlak word daar onder andere verwys na die titel, voorblaaie, illustrasies, hoofstuktitels en die (on)sigbaarheid van die vertaler. Die bestudering van die vertaling op mikrovlak behels ’n ondersoek na Brink se hantering van vertaalprobleme wat in die betrokke vertaalsituasie ontstaan. Na aanleiding van die bestudering van die vertaling kan daar afleidings gemaak word oor die gepastheid daarvan vir huidige lesers en word ’n aanbeveling gemaak oor die moontlikheid van ’n hervertaling.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur elbolag förhåller sig till arbetet mellan CSR och företagets finansiella mål. Dessa två mål tenderar att dra åt olika håll och det har av denna anledning varit av intresse att undersöka. Det sker även en jämförelse mellan börsnoterade och icke börsnoterade bolag. Studiens huvudsakliga undersökningsmetod har bestått av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Därefter tillämpades en kvantitativ metod i form av datainsamling från publicerade rapporter för bland annat framtagandet av nyckeltalet DuPont. Den teoretiska referensramen består av forskning med utgångspunkt i CSR och finansiell lönsamhet, bland annat Carrolls pyramid och intressentteorin. Empiriinsamlingen resulterade i att CSR är ett sätt för företag att uppnå lönsamhet. CSR blir såvida ett medel för företag att uppnå sina finansiella mål. Börsnoterade bolag tenderar att visa ett mer kortsiktigt förhållningssätt än icke börsnoterade bolag. Till sist resulterade empiriinsamlingen i att det inte upplevs vara någon motsträvighet mellan dessa två mål. / The purpose of this study has been to investigate how electricity companies relate to the work between CSR and the company's financial goals. These two goals tend to move in different directions and for this reason it has been of interest to investigate. There has also been made a comparison between listed and non-listed companies. The main research method of the study has consisted of a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, a quantitative method was applied in the form of data gathering from published reports for, among other things, the production of the keyratio DuPont. The theoretical frame of reference consists of research based on CSR and financial profitability, including Carroll's pyramid and stakeholder theory. The empirical gathering resulted in CSR being a way for companies to achieve profitability. CSR becomes a way for companies to achieve their financial goals. Listed companies tend to show a more short-term approach than non-listed companies. Finally, the empirical gathering resulted in the fact that there is no contradiction between these two goals.

À l'aube du XXIe siècle, la littérature merveilleuse connaît un regain de popularité, particulièrement avec la venue de phénomènes éditoriaux tels que la série Harry Potter. Les sept romans de Joanne Kathleen Rowling, publiés entre 1997 et 2007, sont l'objet d'une popularité toujours croissante à chaque nouvelle publication. L'intérêt pour la littérature merveilleuse n'est cependant pas nouveau, particulièrement en Grande-Bretagne; en effet, ce point du globe a été le berceau d'une vague d'engouement pour la littérature merveilleuse tout aussi forte environ 150 ans plus tôt, avec la publication du roman Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. La liste des auteurs qui ont été inspirés par Carroll, ou du moins qui ont contribué à faire gonfler la vague, est passablement longue. Dans ces sociétés où l'enfant possède une importance capitale, que ce soit la société victorienne ou la nôtre, il n'est pas si étonnant que les ouvrages qui le concernent captent autant l'intérêt du public. Cependant, ce ne sont pas tous les romans qui parlent des enfants qui connaissent le même succès; comment expliquer que le choix des lecteurs s'arrête sur telle œuvre plutôt que sur telle autre? Nous postulons que la popularité de certains ouvrages réside principalement dans le processus de lecture qui prévaut dans chacun d'eux. L'acte de lecture est une activité complexe; certains textes demandent à être lus un peu de la façon dont on participe à un jeu, soit en étant confronté à des indéterminations et en résolvant des énigmes, mais surtout en se laissant prendre au jeu du « let's pretend ». Dans les œuvres qui retiennent notre attention pour cette étude, soit les deux romans de Carroll mettant en scène le personnage d'Alice ainsi que les sept romans de la série Harry Potter, de nombreux effets de lecture nous permettent de démontrer ce postulat. Dans le premier chapitre, nous procédons à un court compte-rendu des connaissances concernant les genres littéraires auxquels se rattachent les œuvres de notre corpus, c'est-à-dire le merveilleux et la fantasy, ainsi que les éléments caractéristiques de ceux-ci. Nous présentons ensuite différents outils provenant des théories de la lecture qui nous permettront de mieux saisir les mécanismes du texte contribuant à provoquer un fort phénomène d'adhésion chez le lectorat, tels que la théorie des mondes possibles (Eco) ou celle des univers fictionnels (Pavel), les concepts d'indétermination (Iser) et de préconstruit (Thérien), les régies de lecture (Gervais) ainsi que des théories présentant la lecture comme un jeu (Calinescu et Picard). Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous montrons comment les œuvres de notre corpus, en s'inscrivant dans le genre merveilleux et en parlant de l'enfant, suggèrent un cadre de lecture ludique. Les nombreuses allusions au jeu qui les parsèment, que ce soit le jeu d'échec, de Quidditch, ou encore celui du « faire-semblant », ainsi que les stratégies textuelles qui s'y trouvent conduisent le lecteur à procéder à une construction mentale des univers qui lui sont présentés de la même façon qu'il résoudrait des énigmes. Les blancs laissés dans le texte contribuent à stimuler son imagination et les effets de surprise, largement présents dans ces textes, augmentent le plaisir ressenti lors de la lecture. Toujours dans le deuxième chapitre, nous démontrons que les auteurs utilisent des procédés semblables en ce qui concerne l'organisation spatiale de leurs univers; ils utilisent des frontières instables et perméables qui font hésiter le lecteur quant aux propriétés du monde dans lequel il pénètre et qui le désorientent. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, nous voyons comment l'identité des personnages se construit autour d'un noyau fixe, constitué par le nom du personnage, ainsi que d'une partie mobile et morcelée, soumise aux transformations. La quête identitaire qui fait l'objet des œuvres de notre corpus contribue à renforcer l'identification au personnage, puisque ces œuvres s'organisent autour d'une construction en miroir, qui fait en sorte que le monde de la fiction reflète le monde réel connu du lecteur. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : merveilleux, fantasy, lecture, mondes possibles, univers fictionnels, indéterminations, préconstruits, jeu, enfance, identité, miroir, Lewis Carroll, J.K. Rowling, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, Harry Potter.

MONTEIRO, Paulo Henrique Calixto Moreira. Alice no país dos signos: uma abordagem peirceana acerca da adaptação disneyficada das personagens de Carroll. 2016. 132f. –Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-07T16:25:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_phcmmonteiro.pdf: 4220559 bytes, checksum: c392ddbc861bf84c201a96eb8bbe90f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-09T10:55:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_phcmmonteiro.pdf: 4220559 bytes, checksum: c392ddbc861bf84c201a96eb8bbe90f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T10:55:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_phcmmonteiro.pdf: 4220559 bytes, checksum: c392ddbc861bf84c201a96eb8bbe90f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Alice no País das Maravilhas, de Lewis Carroll, é considerada uma das obras mais conhecidas da literatura vitoriana infanto-juvenil e sua adaptação em animação para o cinema, pelos estúdios Walt Disney, herdou semelhante fama. Sob o viés dos Estudos da Tradução, esse projeto tem por objetivo analisar a tradução intersemiótica das personagens Alice, Gato de Cheshire, Coelho Branco e Rainha de Copas. Tendo em vista esse objetivo, serão utilizadas as abordagens de Charles Peirce (1839) e Júlio Plaza (2001) para elucidar a reconstrução intersemiótica das personagens por meio das relações entre as tríades sígnicas icônicas, indiciais e simbólicas que a compõem. Ademais, também será examinado o impacto da disneyficação, segundo Alan Bryman (2004) e Janet Wasko (2001), na realização da adaptação fílmica e o impacto que esta possui tanto para o texto de partida, quanto para o público de chegada.

This paper presents an explorative study of informal written narratives and oral picture descriptions in the native language as well as in the second language (L2) of six intermediate/advanced Dutch L1 learners of Swedish. Data from six Swedish L1 native controls, performing the same tasks as the learners, were also collected. Quantifications forthe following aspects of information structure were made for the transcribed oral descriptions: 1) reference introduction, including occurrences of spatial/existential constructions, 2) reference maintenance per type and finally 3) elements in the prefield. For the written material, elements in the prefield were analysed. Pronouns in all clausal positions andadverbials in the prefield were analysed in detail for both oral and written material. The following research questions were asked: Do Dutch L1 and Swedish L1 differ in their patterns of information structure within the area of referent introductions and maintenance and prefield constituents in picture descriptions? Do the L2 learners adhere to the target language(Swedish) patterns, the patterns of their mother tongue (Dutch), or does the interlanguage exhibit different patterns? In the written data, differences in percentages for prefield constituents emerged where Dutch L1 showed a more adverbial-initial pattern. No major differences were found in the oral data, where both languages exhibited a pattern of two thirds subject-initial clauses and one third adverbial-initial clauses. Some further differences were found concerning the distribution of subtypes of prefield constituents (such as place adverbials, subject pronouns, subject NP’s). Concerning the perspectives taken for referent introduction, Dutch L1 was slightly more spatial than Swedish L1. However, both languages exhibited a predominantly existential perspective. Substantial individual variation was foundin all three language varieties and for all features investigated. The learners in their Swedish L2 mainly followed the norms of the L2, but also showed patterns similar to those of their L1 as well as patterns neither connected to the L1 or the L2. The strict dichotomy ofspatial/existential perspective of referent introduction proposed by e.g. Carroll et al. (2000) was found to exclude many cases of referent introduction. Drawbacks of the present study are the small quantity of data and the lack of comparable studies; thus, this subject and language combination need to be researched further.

The subject of this thesis are interpretations and overinterpretatios of Lewis Carroll's work Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. That includes interpretations based on autor's life and the historical period which he lived in, psychoanalytic, feministic and psychedelic interpretations and those which perceive Alice's story as a game. In this thesis there are also mentioned adaptations based on motives of both novels. We use a theory of interpretation of Umberto Eco to distinguish between these interpretations. This theory is used in our own analysis in which we focus on crucial aspects. That means the behaviour of the main character and vice versa, identity of Alice, context, genre and the model reader of the naration. We also focus on these aspects in the selected interpretations. The emphasis is put on the proces of dialectics between the text and its reader which these interpretations and overinterpretations come from. We also try to see it from the point of view of the aproach to the text. That is why this case study reveals a problem of remake and adaptation.

Orientador: Norma Wimmer / Resumo: Baseada na abordagem funcional dos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução e seguindo o modelo de José Lambert e Van Gorp (1985), propomos a análise da obra Through the looking glass and what Alice has found there (1871) de Lewis Carroll, mais comumente traduzida no Brasil como Alice através do espelho. O corpus deste trabalho é composto de quinze edições brasileiras que foram selecionadas a partir de um estudo historiográfico e da edição comentada The Annotated Alice (1965), como texto-fonte (TF). Preferencialmente, utilizou-se três edições distintas como referência para cotejamento e análise: Alice no país do espelho, tradução de Monteiro Lobato (1961); As aventuras de Alice no país das maravilhas & Através do espelho e o que Alice encontrou lá (1980), tradução de Sebastião Uchoa Leite; Alice através do espelho (2015) tradução de Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Essa pesquisa teve como etapas: (1) análise descritiva cotejando as edições por meio do modelo proposto por José Lambert e Van Gorp (1985), iniciando com levantamento de dados preliminares, seguido de macro e microanálises do corpus e, por fim, a verificação do contexto sistêmico, destacando as relações intertextuais e intersistêmicas com o intuito de verificar os principais procedimentos e estratégias tradutórias utilizados pelos tradutores/adaptadores na tradução da narrativa, dos poemas e Nursery Rhymes e trocadilhos da obra, verificando, ainda, de que maneira a linguagem visual representada pelas ilustrações, presentes em to... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Based on the functional approach of Descriptive Translation Studies and following the model created by José Lambert and Van Gorp (1985), we propose an analysis of the book Through the looking glass and what Alice has found there (1871) written by Lewis Carroll, most commonly translated in Brazil as Alice através do espelho. The corpus of this work is composed by fifteen Brazilian editions that were selected from a historiographic study and by the commented edition The Annotated Alice (1965), as source text (ST). Preferably, three different editions were used as a reference for comparison and analysis: Alice no país do espelho, translation by Monteiro Lobato (1961); As aventuras de Alice no país das maravilhas e através do espelho e o que Alice encontrou lá (1980), translated by Sebastião Uchoa Leite; Alice através do espelho (2015) translated by Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. This research had as stages: (1) descriptive analysis comparing the editions using the model proposed by José Lambert and Van Gorp (1985), starting with a survey of preliminary data, followed by macro and micro analysis of the corpus and, finally, the verification of the systemic context, highlighting the intertextual and intersystemic relations in order to verify the main translation procedures and strategies used by the translators / adapters in the translation of the narrative, of the poems and Nursery Rhymes and puns of the work, also verifying how the language visual represented by the illustrations, p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: Basados en el enfoque funcional de los Estudios Descriptivos de Traducción siguiendo el modelo de José Lambert y Van Gorp (1985), proponemos un análisis de Through the looking glass and what Alice has found there (1871), traducido más comúnmente en Brasil como Alice através do espelho. El corpus de este trabajo está compuesto por quince ediciones brasileñas que fueron seleccionadas de un estudio historiográfico y de la edición comentada The Annotated Alice (1965), como texto fuente (TF). Preferiblemente, se utilizaron tres ediciones diferentes como referencia para la comparación y el análisis: Alice no país do espelho, traducción de Monteiro Lobato (1961); As aventuras de Alice no país das maravilhas e através do espelho e o que Alice encontrou lá (1980), traducido por Sebastião Uchoa Leite; Alice através do espelho (2015) traducida por Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Esta investigación tuvo como etapas: (1) análisis descriptivo comparando las ediciones utilizando el modelo propuesto por José Lambert y Van Gorp (1985), comenzando con una encuesta de datos preliminares, seguida de un análisis macro y micro del cuerpo y, finalmente, la verificación del contexto sistémico, destacando las relaciones intertextuales e intersistémicas con el fin de verificar los principales procedimientos y estrategias de traducción utilizados por los traductores / adaptadores en la traducción de la narrativa, de los poemas y rimas infantiles y juegos de palabras del trabajo, también verificando cómo fu... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

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World building is a key component to many young adult novels, but what is world building and what are some different styles and techniques that authors use when constructing fictional universes? In this thesis, Falling Down the Rabbit Hole: World Building Techniques in YA Literature, I will examine Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1865), The Princess Bride by William Goldman (1973), and my own unpublished novel, The Sun Kingdom, to compare different techniques and styles of world building. These works will be explored through the aspect of world building, focusing specifically on the importance of the geography, language, and traditions and culture that were created for their respective worlds, how these elements were created, and what effect this has on the story.

Face à un environnement incertain marqué par une instabilité sans cesse croissante, les entreprises s’efforcent de rechercher la performance à la fois globale et durable considérée désormais comme un levier non seulement de pérennité, mais aussi d’avantage concurrentiel primordial (Porter et Kramer, 2006; Crane et Matten, 2004). Ainsi, la responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise (RSE) est perçue comme un thème fédérateur en sciences de gestion et de par sa dimension sociétale dans les sciences économiques et sociales prenant tout son sens dans le management opérationnel des entreprises. Considérée comme le prolongement de la prise en compte du développement durable (rapport Brundtland 1987) dans ses implications managériales, la RSE cristallise l’attention de nombreux chercheurs depuis plusieurs décennies, notamment dans sa dimension sociale, environnementale et normative (ISO 14000) depuis une vingtaine d’année et sociétale (ISO 26000) depuis les années 2000. Si la littérature foisonnante sur le concept de RSE reste en débat, force est de constater qu’elle traite très peu des mécanismes de construction des pratiques RSE et moins encore du rôle que les stakeholders jouent dans cette construction. Dans un tel contexte, prenant appui sur la stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984; Oliver, 1991; Clarkson, 1995; Mitchell et al., 1997; Sethi, 1995; Rowley, 1997), l’analyse des données collectées suite à une investigation de huit mois auprès de six entreprises forestières au Cameroun, révèle d’une part que le modèle de Carroll (1979, 1991) de la RSE est contingent au contexte et que le comportement stratégique orienté RSE des entreprises du secteur de l’industrie forestière au Cameroun est fortement corrélé à la nationalité de l’entreprise. D’autre part, cette étude fait état de ce que la variable « champ d’activité » a un effet non déterminé sur le comportement stratégique adopté par les entreprises de ce secteur forestier. Enfin, cette recherche révèle également que la certification forestière FSC représente le gage d’un engagement volontaire en matière de RSE des entreprises d’exploitations forestières au Cameroun. La présente recherche ouvre la voie aux travaux futurs pour internaliser les pratiques de la RSE par les parties prenantes dans le management stratégique des entreprises les plus confrontées aux défis environnementaux. / In an uncertain environment that is also marked by a growing instability, firms try to seek a global and sustainable performance which is considered as a lever not only for longevity but also for competitive advantage (Porter and Kramer, 2006; Crane and Matten, 2004). Thus, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is perceived as a unifying topic in management science and, by its societal dimension, in the economic and social sciences. Considered as an extension to the consideration of sustainable development in its managerial implications (Brundtland report, 1987), CSR has been at the attention of a large number of researchers for several decades now, in particular for twenty years in its social, environmental and normative dimension (ISO 14000) and since the 2000’s in its societal nature.While the concept of CSR is still under debate in its rather large literature, it should also be noted that this literature is usually silent on the construction mechanisms of CSR practices and even more on the role that stakeholders play in this construction.In this context, and relying on stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984; Oliver, 1991; Clarkson, 1995; Mitchell et al., 1997; Sethi, 1995; Rowley, 1997), the present analysis of the collected data from an eight-month-long in-depth investigation of six forestry firms in Cameroun yields several findings: First, the CSR model in Carroll (1979, 1991) is contingent to the context and the strategic CSR behaviour of the different firms in the forestry industry in Cameroun is strictly correlated to the nationality of these firms. Second, this study shows that the “field of action” variable has a non-significant effect on the strategic behaviour adopted by the firms in this forestry industry. Finally, this research also reveals that the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification represents the deposit of a voluntary commitment in terms of CSR of the forestry exploitation firms in Cameroun. The present work also opens new lines for future research focussing on the internalisation of the CSR practices by the contracting parties in strategic management of the firms that are in direct confrontation to the environmental challenges.