We explore motivic homotopy theory over deeper bases than the spectrum of the integers: Starting from a commutative group object in a cartesian closed presentable infinity category, replacing the usual multiplicative group scheme in motivic spaces, we construct projective spaces, and show that infinite dimensional projective space is the classifying space of the group object. After passage to the stabilization, we construct a Snaith spectrum, calculate the cohomology represented by it for projective spaces and on its rationalization produce Adams operations and a splitting into summands of their eigenspaces.

This Ph.D. thesis deals with E1-ring structures on the Hermitian K-theory in the motivic setting, more precisely, the existence of such structures on the motivic spectrum representing the hermitianK-theory is proven. The presence of such structure is established through two different approaches. In both cases, we consider the category of algebraic vector bundles over a scheme, with the usual requirements to do motivic homotopy theory. This category has two natural symmetric monoidal structures given by the direct sum and the tensor product, together with a duality coming from the functor represented by the structural sheaf. The first symmetric monoidal structure is the one that we are going to group complete along this text, and we will see that the second one, the tensor product, is preserved giving rise to an E1-ring structure in the resulting spectrum. In the first case, a classic infinite loop space machine applies to the hermitian category of the category of algebraic vector bundles over a scheme. The second approach abords the construction using a new hermitian infinite loop space machine which uses the language of infinity categories. Both assemblies applied to our original category have like output a presheaf of E1-ring spectra. To get an spectrum representing the hermitian K-theory in the motivic context we need a motivic spectrum, i.e, a P1-spectrum. We use a delooping construction at the end of the text to obtain a presheaf of E1-ring P1-spectra from the two presheaves of E1-ring spectra indicated above.

La tesi analizza le presidenze di Mahmūd Ahmadīnezhād (2005-2013) all’interno del fazionalismo iraniano postrivoluzionario, mettendo in luce gli aspetti caratteristici e peculiari dei cosiddetti ultraradicali. La prospettiva storica che introduce all’Iran contemporaneo attraverso l’analisi dei principali avvenimenti del Novecento, dalla Rivoluzione Costituzionale (1906) alla nascita della Repubblica islamica (1979), affianca un’analisi politica sull’ascesa al potere degli ultraradicali. La tesi esamina le reazioni e le relazioni politiche interne, la rinnovata postura internazionale, le politiche socioeconomiche e l’eredità lasciata dalle presidenze Ahmadīnezhād. È tracciata una panoramica storico-politica sull’esperienza degli ultraradicali per comprendere le cause socioeconomiche e politiche che hanno determinato la loro ascesa, i cambiamenti introdotti all’interno dell’élite postrivoluzionaria e, in ultimo, gli effetti interni e internazionali della loro parabola politica. L’approccio storico si è altresì servito di uno studio dei vocaboli in uso nella letteratura occidentale e dei termini persiani utilizzati per riferirsi al gruppo, al fine di individuare le etichette politiche impiegate e il loro rispettivo valore. Vi è quindi, in definitiva, un’analisi della categoria politica del radicalismo per decretare se, per quali aspetti e secondo quali schemi interpretativi, Ahmadinejad e il suo gruppo di alleati possano essere considerati e interpretati come radicali. / The thesis analyses the presidencies of Mahmūd Ahmadīnezhād (2005-2013) within the post-revolutionary Iranian factionalism, highlighting the characteristics and the peculiar features of the so-called hardliners. The historical perspective introduces the main turning points in contemporary Iran, from the Constitutional Revolution (1906) to the foundation of the Islamic Republic (1979). The political analysis looks therefore at the political ascendancy of the hardliners, the following internal reactions, the renewed international posture, the socio-economic policies and, ultimately, the legacy left by the Ahmadīnezhād presidencies. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the hardlines’ political experience to disclose their domestic and foreign postures and their effect within the post-revolutionary political debate. The thesis also examines the category of radicalism by looking at labels used by both the Western literature and Persian language to refer to the hardliners. This thesis aims to address whether, for which aspects and according to which perspective, Ahmadinejad and his close circle of allies could be considered and interpreted as radicals.

Information-seeking behavior is a mixture of activities and attitudes, oftentimes motivated by an individual's need to make a decision. One underlying element of this mixture is cognitive authority - which sources (e.g., individuals, institutions, texts, etc.) can be trusted to fulfil the information needs? In order to gain insight into the dynamics of cognitive authority selection behavior which is an information seeking behavior, this study explored primary source text data (316 text records) that reflected selection in the mundaneness of life (advice column submissions and responses). Linguistic analysis was performed on the data using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC2015) software package. Pearson correlation and 1-sample T tests revealed the same 45 statistically significant relationships (SSRs) in the word usage behavior of all subgroups. As a result of the study, the gap in research formed from the lack of quantitative models of cognitive authority relationships was addressed via the development of the Wordprint Classification System which was used to generate a cognitive authority relationship model in the form of a cognitive authority intra-segment wordprint. The findings and implications of this study may provide a contribution to the body of work in the area of information literacy and information seeker behavior by revealing factors that information scientists can address to help meet information seekers' needs. Additionally, the Wordprint Classification System may be used in such disciplines as psychology, marketing, and forensic linguistics to create to create models of various relationships or individuals through the use of written or spoken word usage patterns.

No description available.

[pt] O atual estudo investigou quais categorias formais e sociais estariam envolvidas no processo migratório recente de imigrantes senegaleses em Porto Alegre. O objetivo é demonstrar a dificuldade de se definir um imigrante de maneira homogênea, visto que há fatores sociais, culturais e jurídicos em jogo. Baseando-se em extenso trabalho de campo junto à comunidade, a tese trata de temas como o perfil dos imigrantes, razões de saída do Senegal, projeto migratório, escolha do Brasil como destino, inserção no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, além de questões de moradia, associativismo civil e religião. Conclui que diversas categorias estão envolvidas no processo migratório para além das relevantes questões políticas, humanitárias e econômicas. Os novos fluxos Sul-Sul diferenciam-se daqueles tradicionalmente destinados ao Brasil. A chegada de imigrantes negros, senegaleses e muçulmanos, traz à tona antigos preconceitos e estigmas vinculados ao imaginário brasileiro e novas possibilidades para refletir, por exemplo, sobre a noção de uma cultura de emigração em tempos de globalização. O estudo de caso aqui apresentado permite perceber de que maneira os diversos fluxos de imigrantes merecem atenção em suas realidades migratórios específicas, visto que há categorias sociais e formais envolvidas no process dependendo de quem é, de onde vem e para onde vai. / [en] The current study investigates formal and social categories involved in the recent migration process of Senegalese migrants in Porto Alegre. The objective is to demonstrate the difficulty of defining a migrant in a homogeneous way, since there are social, cultural and legal factors at stake. Based on extensive fieldwork with the community, the thesis deals with topics such as: migrant s profile, reasons for leaving Senegal, migration project, chosing Brazil as a destination, insertion in the Brazilian labor market, housing issues, civil associations and religion. Concludes that a number of categories are involved in the migration process beyond political, humanitarian and economic issues. The new South to South migration flows to Brazil differ from those traditionally historical ones. The arrival of black, Senegalese and Muslim migrants brings to the fore old prejudices and stigmas linked to the Brazilian imagination and therefore new possibilities for reflection, like the notion of a culture of emigration in times of globalization. The case study allows us to understand how the different migration flows deserve attention in their specific migration realities, since there are social and formal categories involved in the process depending on who they are, where they come from and where they are going.

Spectral sequences were developed during the mid-twentieth century as a way of computing (co)homology, and have wide uses in both algebraic topology and algebraic geometry.  Grothendieck introduced in his Tôhoku paper the Grothendieck spectral sequence, which given left exact functors $F$ and $G$ between abelian categories, uses the right-derived functors of $F$ and $G$ as initial data and converges to the right-derived functors of the composition $G\circ F.$  This thesis focuses on instead constructing a spectral sequence that uses the derived functors of $G$ and $G\circ F$ as initial data and converges to the derived functors of $F.$ Our approach takes inspiration from the construction of the Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence, which given a fibration of topological spaces can calculate the singular cohomology of the fiber from the singular cohomology of the base space and total space. The Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence can be constructed through the use of differential graded algebras and their bar construction, since this defines a double complex for which the column-wise filtration of the corresponding total complex induces the spectral sequence. The correct analogue of this with respect to composite functors is the bar construction for monads. Specifically, we let $G$ have an exact left adjoint $H$, which makes $G\circ H$ into a monad. Then, we extend our adjunction so that the derived functor $RG$ has left adjoint $RH$ in the corresponding derived categories, making $RG\circ RH$ into a monad. This allows us to apply the bar construction in the derived category, but we show that there emerge issues in obtaining a double complex and subsequent total complex from this construction.  Additionally, we present the essential theory of spectral sequences in general, and of the Serre, Eilenberg-Moore and Grothendieck spectral sequences in particular. / Spektralsekvenser utvecklades under mitten av 1900-talet som ett verktyg för att beräkna (ko)homologi, och har många användningsområden inom både algebraisk topologi och algebraisk geometri. Grothendieck introducerade i sin Tôhoku-artikel Grothendieck-spektralsekvensen, som givet vänsterexakta funktorer $F$ och $G$ mellan abelska kategorier använder de högerderiverade funktorerna av $F$ och $G$ som initialdata och som konvergerar till de högerderiverade funktorerna av kompositionen $G\circ F$. Denna masteruppsats fokuserar på att istället konstruera en spektralsekvens som använder de deriverade funktorerna av $G$ och $G\circ F$ som initialdata och konvergerar till de deriverade funktorerna av $F$. Vår metod tar inspiration från konstruktionen av Eilenberg-Moore-spektralsekvensen, som givet en fibrering av topologiska rum kan beräkna den singulära kohomologin av fibern från den singulära kohomologin av basrummet och totalrummet. Eilenberg-Moore spektralsekvensen kan konstrueras genom användningen av graderade differentialalgebror och deras bar-konstruktion, eftersom detta definierar ett dubbelkomplex vars kolumnvisa filtrering av det resulterande totalkomplexet inducerar spektralsekvensen. Vad gäller kompositioner av funktorer så är den korrekta analogin till detta bar-konstruktionen för monader. Specifikt så låter vi $G$ ha en exakt vänsteradjungerad funktor $H$, vilket gör $G\circ H$ till en monad. Sedan utvidgar vi denna adjunktion sådant att den deriverade funktorn $RG$ har vänsteradjunkt $RH$ i den deriverade kategorin, vilket gör $RG\circ RH$ till en monad. Detta ger oss möjligheten att använda bar-konstruktionen i den deriverade kategorin, men vi visar att det uppstår problem när vi ska definiera ett dubbelkomplex och resulterande totalkomplex från denna konstruktion. Utöver detta så innehåller denna uppsats en genomgång av den viktigaste teorin om spektralsekvenser i allmänhet, och om Serre-, Eilenberg-Moore- och Grothendieck-spektralsekvensen i synnerhet.

This thesis explores the working lives of British Born South Asian Ethnic Minorities (BB SAEMs), critiquing the homogenous identities ascribed to them in previous research. Its methodology is life-story interviews analysed using Nvivo. This identified four hybrid categories emerging from two cultures. I fitted myself neatly into just one. However the reflexive analysis required in good qualitative research led me to realise that I fitted into not one, but all four categories, and into others not yet recognised. At this point, my thesis had to take a new turn. An auto-ethnographic, moment-by-moment study led to an ‘unhybrid categorisation of hybridities’ acknowledging ‘fuzziness and mélange, cut ‘n’ mix, and criss and crossover’ where identity is a complex-mix, always in flux. I conclude not only with this new theory of identity formation in the working lives of BB SAEMs, but also by arguing that by imposing the requirement to categorise, research methods lead to over-simplification and misunderstanding. / University of Bradford

[pt] Propostas mais antigas para nominalizações sentencias se concentram nas gerundivas do inglês, analisando-as como nominalizações a partir de sentenças (Lees, 1960; Chomsky, 1970), enquanto investigações mais recentes variam em analisá-las como estruturas sentencias podadas (Frank e Kroch, 1994) ou nominalizações a partir de diferentes domínios (Abney, 1987; Alexiadou, 2001; Panagiotidis e Grohmann, 2005; Kornfilt e Whitman, 2011). Em comum, essas propostas observam a subordinação (sentencial) como gatilho para o processo de inserção de um elemento nominalizador na estrutura sintática. Enfrentam, contudo, dificuldades no tratamento da complexidade interna das estruturas resultantes, apresentando problemas de violação de c-seleção e de definição adhoc da defectividade dos traços das categorias envolvidas. O presente trabalho lança a hipótese de que as nominalizações sentenciais emergem da hibridação das categorias funcionais C e D, contestando a ideia clássica de que tais categorias constituem (tão somente) conjuntos estanques de traços. A hipótese abre caminho para uma análise das gerundivas do inglês como estruturas dominadas por uma categoria funcional híbrida, nesse caso C(interseção)D (complementizador interseção com determinante). A análise proposta pode se aplicar translinguisticamente, podendo ainda abarcar diferentes tipos de nominalização dentro de uma mesma língua. / [en] Early studies on nominalization focus on English gerunds as sentential nominalizations (Lees, 1960; Chomsky, 1970), while recent investigations vary in analysing them as pruned clauses (Frank and Kroch, 1994) or nominalizations of different syntactic domains (Abney, 1987; Alexiadou, 2001; Panagiotidis and Grohmann, 2005; Kornfilt and Whitman, 2011). In common, these proposals understand (clausal) subordination as a trigger for insertion of a nominalizer element into the syntactic structure. They face however, difficulties in dealing with the internal complexity of the resulting structures, while challenging principles of c-selection and appealing to ad-hoc definitions for the defectiveness of the involved categories. The present study raises the hypothesis that sentential nominalizations result from hybridization of the functional categories C and D, rejecting, thus, the classical idea that these functional elements are formed only by rigid, solid sets of formal features. This hypothesis paves the way for an analysis of English gerundives as structures headed by a hybrid functional category, in this case, C(intersection)D (complementizer intersection determinant). This analysis might apply crosslinguistically while explaining different types of intra-language nominalizations.

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux pratiques, aux valeurs et aux représentations des amatrices de rap francophones qui vivent à Montréal dans le but de saisir ce qui caractérise leur amateurisme. Une série d’entretiens de type récit de vie a été réalisée auprès de quinze amatrices de rap qui écoutent du rap de manière régulière et depuis plusieurs années. Plusieurs thématiques ont été explorés avec les amatrices, dont leur découverte du rap, leurs pratiques d’écoute actuelles et passées, leur rapport intime à la musique, leurs valeurs, leur identité ou encore leurs rapports et interactions avec les autres amateur.trice.s. J’ai pu observer que les femmes qui aiment le rap en écoutent majoritairement seules ou en petits groupes et qu’une partie importante d’entre elles ont été introduites à la culture hip-hop et au rap par le biais de leur grand frère. Les amatrices entretiennent un rapport intime à la musique et se servent de l’écoute du rap pour extérioriser leurs émotions. Le sentiment le plus souvent ressenti par les femmes lorsqu’elles écoutent du rap est l’empowerment. L’écoute du rap s’avère être positive pour les femmes et leur donne de la confiance et de la puissance. Cependant, les interactions sociales que les amatrices entretiennent avec les hommes amateurs de rap font état d’un phénomène de boys’ club qui touche aussi bien le groupe des amateur.trice.s que celui des autres acteur.trice.s de la scène rap montréalaise. Les points de vue et le travail des femmes sont souvent délégitimés ou minimisés par les acteurs du monde du rap. Ma recherche a également révélé la pertinence de l’intersectionnalité dans la compréhension des vécus et des points de vue des amatrices. En effet, l’inscription différenciée des amatrices dans les rapports sociaux de race et de classe segmente certaines des expériences qui caractérisent leur amateurisme, notamment en ce qui a trait à leurs représentations sociales. Les femmes noires et/ou racisées sont davantage conscientes des structures de domination et des dynamiques de pouvoir qui structurent les expériences des acteur.trice.s à l’intérieur du monde du rap au Québec que les femmes blanches. / This research focuses on the practices, values and representations of female francophone rap fans living in Montreal to understand what characterizes their amateurism. A series of life story interviews was conducted with fifteen female rap fans who have been listening to rap music regularly for several years. Several themes were explored with them, including their discovery of rap, their current and past listening practices, their intimate relationship with music, their values, their identity, and their relationships and interactions with other fans. I was able to observe that women who like rap music mostly listen to it alone or in small groups, and that a significant portion of them were introduced to hip-hop culture and rap music through their older brother. Female fans have an intimate relationship with music and listen to rap to express their emotions. The feeling that women most often experience when listening to rap music is empowerment. Listening to rap music is shown to be positive for women and gives them confidence and power. However, the social interactions that female fans have with male rap fans reveal a boys' club phenomenon that affects both the fan group and other players in the Montreal rap scene. Women's views and work are often delegitimized or minimized by the male actors of the rap world. My research also revealed the relevance of intersectionality in understanding the experiences and perspectives of female fans. Indeed, the differentiated inscription of female fans in social relations of race and class segments some of the experiences that characterize their amateurism, particularly regarding their social representations. Black and/or racialized women are more aware of the structures of domination and power dynamics that structure the experiences of actors within the Quebec rap scene than white women.