Tese (doutorado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2010. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-11-28T17:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jara loureno da fontoura.pdf: 2908053 bytes, checksum: b6b2a43a77571d094804ec11ad4cd997 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-28T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jara loureno da fontoura.pdf: 2908053 bytes, checksum: b6b2a43a77571d094804ec11ad4cd997 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O presente trabalho de tese tem como objetivo relatar e analisar criticamente, sob o enfoque da teoria Ecomunitarista, o Projeto Ecomunitarismo/UCPel, coordenado pela autora desta tese enquanto educadora ambiental da Universidade Católica de Pelotas/RS no período de (1998 a 2005), junto a dois grupos diferenciados, a saber: o dos estudantes do curso de Ecologia UCPel e o do grupo de catadores de papelão e pescadores da Comunidade São Gonçalo, na cidade de Pelotas-RS, BR 392\km 60 às margens do canal de Santa Bárbara, Brasil. Ao unir educação formal e não formal, ocorre um entrelaçamento contextualizado - interdisciplinar e crítico\criativo - das linhas de pesquisa do Doutorado em Educação Ambiental da FURG (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande), a saber: Educação Ambiental e Formação de Educadores (EAEFE) e Educação Ambiental Não Formal (EANF), o que justifica tal tese. Para tanto, este trabalho tem como eixo norteador as normas da ética Ecomunitarista que tratam da liberdade, do consenso e da ecologia, a partir da pergunta que instaura a ética: O que devo/devemos fazer? A tese tem como indagação primeira saber: Até que ponto a proposta teórica Ecomunitarista foi colocada em prática no projeto Ecomunitarismo da UCPel no período de 1998 a 2005? E por hipótese: Foram plenamente satisfatórias, segundo a teoria Ecomunitarista, as respostas socioambientais que o Projeto Ecomunitarismo\ UCPel possibilitou durante os sete anos de atuação, junto à Comunidade São Gonçalo. A metodologia presente, neste trabalho, foi de análise qualitativa, utilizando-se da proposta metodológica do Ecofeminismo, que substitui o postulado da investigação desprovida de valores, da visão de cima, por uma visão a partir dos oprimidos, e o conhecimento espectador contemplativo e omisso, por uma participação ativa nas ações, movimentos e lutas em favor da emancipação da mulher e dos oprimidos, fazendo do processo de investigação um processo de conscientização. / The aim of this present thesis work has as objective to report and analyze critically, from the “Ecomunitarista” theory focus, the “Ecomunitarismo” Project/UCPel-RS (Pelotas Catholic University / Rio Grande do Sul State), coordinated by the author of this thesis while environmental educator of this University in the period of (1998 to 2005), together with two differentiated groups, to know: the one of the students from the Ecology Course UCPel's and the one of the cardboard scavengers and fishermen of the São Gonçalo Community, in the city of Pelotas-RS, BR 392\km 60 on the coast of Santa Bárbara Channel, Brazil. Upon joining formal and non-formal education, there is a contextualized – interdisciplinary and critical/creative of the research lines from the Environmental Education Doctorate Program of FURG (Federal University of Rio Grande), to know: Environmental Education and Teachers Training (EAEFE) and Non-Formal Environmental Education (EANF), what justifies such thesis. Accordingly, this work has as its guideline the “Ecomunitarista” ethics rules which deal with freedom, consensus and ecology, as from the question that places the ethics: what should I/we do? The first investigation of thesis is: To what extent the “Ecomunitarismo” theoretical proposal was put into practice in the “Ecomunitarismo” Project from UCPel in the period from 1998 to 2005? And by hypothesis: According to the “Ecomunitarista” Theory, the social-environmental answers that the “Ecomunitarismo” Project from UCPel enabled during the seven years of performance, with the São Gonçalo Community, were fully satisfactory. The present methodology in this work, was qualitative analysis, using the “Ecofeminismo” methodological proposal, which replaces the principle of the investigation free of values, of the view from the above, by a vision from the oppressed, and the bystander knowledge, contemplative and omitted, by an active participation in the actions, movements and fights in favor of the woman's emancipation and of the marginalized ones, turning the investigation procedure into an awareness process.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janiacley I.pdf: 138985 bytes, checksum: 1f4c8f979abb8c6db2793f7e215f2477 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-14 / The Munduruku suffered throughout their history, several social, cultural and environmental transformations that brought consequences to their health. This study objected to understand the perceptions of the Munduruku people from Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land about the health relation and socioenvironmental condition, trying to identify the impacts of socioenvironmental problems in the health/disease process and enunciating forms of fight due to the cited problems. The research was conducted on Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land (Canumã and Mari-Mari River), located in Borba Indigenous Special Sanitary District, State of Amazonas. In this study we adopted the ethnographic method and the kind of research was based in a qualitative analyze, added to quantitative data. The techniques of data collecting used included: surveys, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, discussions with focal groups and oral relates. The history of fight for the territory, culminating with the demarcation of this Indigenous Land (2001) are emphasized questions by the Munduruku people, for the territory is to the them a space of identity construction, social relations and motive to war and conflicts. Analyzing the Munduruku people perceptions, we verified that they have a clear vision about the health-environmental relation, showing concerns with the environmental preserving and around it, as well with the future generation sustainability. The main environmental problems noticed by them were: burning; hunting, fishing and fruit collect decreasing; presence of fishing boats in the area, water quality and access, and trash increasing. The Munduruku people also noticed changes in the way of life (trade relations and payroll employment) and in the diet feeding, consequences of contact intensification that contributed to add new diseases in the indigenous land as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Diseases such as worms, diarrhea, skin problems (itchy) are related to problems such as dirty water, lack of water well and trash increasing in the village. Malaria and diarrhea are related to the water cycle variation, mainly in the beginning of rise and fall of rivers. Respiratory problems are related to burning and deforestation. The research showed changes in the health profile of Munduruku people, with new diseases occurring and re-emerging ones resulted of socioenvironmental and ways of life alterations. It showed also the occurring of traditional diseases noticed by them as results of supernatural powers, cultural and feeding transgressions and the use of healing traditional practices. The social representations about the health/disease process are being recreated among the Munduruku people, according to their experiences, adding new occidental medicine knowledge / Os Munduruku sofreram ao longo de sua história uma série de transformações sociais, culturais e ambientais, que trouxeram conseqüências para a saúde dos mesmos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender as percepções dos Munduruku da Terra Indígena Coatá- Laranjal acerca da relação saúde e condições socioambientais, tentando identificar os impactos dos problemas socioambi entais no processo saúde/doença e enunciando formas de enfrentamento aos problemas levantados. A pesquisa realizou-se na Terra Indígena Coatá- Laranjal (Rio Canumã e Mari-Mari), localizada no Município de Borba, Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas. Para realizar este estudo, adotamos o método etnográfico e o tipo de pesquisa foi baseado na abordagem de análise qualitativa, acrescida com dados quantitativos. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas incluíram: surveys, observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, discussões com grupos focais e relatos orais. A história da luta pelo território, culminando com a demarcação da terra indígena (2001) são questões destacadas pelos Munduruku, pois o território além de ser para eles um espaço de construção de identidade é o espaço das relações sociais e motivo de guerras e conflitos. Analisando as percepções dos Munduruku, verificamos que possuem uma visão clara sobre a relação saúde e ambiente, evidenciando-se a preocupação com a preservação do ambiente e seu entorno, bem como com a sustentabilidade das futuras gerações. Os principais problemas ambientais percebidos pelos mesmos foram: queimadas, diminuição da caça, do peixe e dos frutos da floresta, entrada de barcos pesqueiros na área, qualidade e acesso à água, além do aumento do lixo. Também são percebidas pelos Munduruku mudanças nos modos de vida (relações de comércio e trabalho assalariado) e na dieta alimentar, consequência da intensificação do contato, que contribuíram para a introdução de novas doenças nas aldeias como hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus Doenças como verminose, diarréia e problemas de pele (coceiras), são relacionadas aos problemas da água suja, falta de poços artesianos e ao aumento do lixo nas aldeias. A malária e a diarréia aparecem ligadas às variações dos ciclos das águas, principalmente no início da subida e descida dos rios. Os problemas respiratórios são relacionados às queimadas e aos desmatamentos. A pesquisa evidenciou atualmente mudanças no perfil de saúde dos Munduruku, com ocorrência de doenças novas e outras reemergentes resultantes das alterações ambientais, sociais e nos modos de vida. Evidenciou também a ocorrência de doenças tradicionais interpretadas como resultantes das forças sobrenaturais e das transgressões culturais e alimentares e o uso das práticas tradicionais de cura. As representações sociais sobre o processo saúde/doença vão sendo recriadas entre os Munduruku de acordo com as experiências acumuladas incorporando novos conhecimentos da medicina ocidental

Regional disparities and spatial inequality are typical topics studied by geography. Sweden is one of the most homogeneous and egalitarian countries in the world. Simultaneously, it is characteristic for its very low regional disparities and thus it is an important and interesting subject for studying. The main goal of this thesis is to examine changes in a regional pattern from the beginning of the 1990s and to analyse an impact of structural changes (deindustrialization and tertiarization) and globalization (through activities of transnational corporations) on regional disparities. In the thesis socioeconomic and demographic indicators and quantitative statistics are used to analyse a development of regional disparities in Sweden and to examine a broader context of this development. The main finding of the thesis is a disproportional growth of metropolitan regions (mainly Stockholm). Share of metropolitan regions on population and socioeconomic activities is increasing and it is characterized by dynamic development which is intensified by high specialisation, major valued-adding activities, knowledge-based economy and localisation of transnational corporations. Regional variability is slowly increasing and disproportional growth of metropolitan regions contributes to this development. Thus the...

Le delta du sénégal est un espace relais entre le sénégal et la mauritanie. Il fait partie d'un hydrosystème, la vallée du sénégal, qui prend sa source dans la zone guinéenne à pluviométrie très importante. cette ressource partagée par plusieurs états (sénégal, mauritanie, mali, guinée) assure une alimentation pérenne en eau douce d'un espace situé entre le sahel, le ferlo et l'océan atlantique, où la présence de l'eau a toujours constitué une opportunité de développement. ainsi, depuis l'aof (afrique occidentale française)jusqu'à la mise en place de l'omvs (organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve sénégal), les projets de développement s'y sont multipliés.historiquement, le delta du sénégal a été la cible prioritaire de tentative de développement qui se sont soldées, la plupart du temps, par des échecs, car la mise en valeur ne pouvait se faire que dans le cadre d'une domestication complète de l'eau, acquise seulement à partir de 1985 (barrage de diama)et de 1987 (barrage de manantali). ces grands ouvrages hydraulique ont permis une régulation annuelle de l'eau douce, en modifiant le rythme naturel de crue et de décrue qui animait l'hydrosystème et les activités socio-économiques. aussi,de par ses potentialités (eau, tourisme, débouché vers la vallée du sénégal, terre rizicultivables, etc.), le delta du sénégal est-il devenu un espace convoité, autant par les états qui se le partagent (mauritanie et sénégal) que par les collectivités locales (commune de saint-louis, ross béthio, richard toll, communautés rurales de mpal, gandon, ronq) qui l'animent. pour l'état du sénégal, le delta est donc un espace essentiel au développement du pays qui passe par la réduction des importations de riz (autosuffisance alimentaire). c'est aujourd'hui une tête de pont d'un développement endogène de l'afrique de l'ouest.dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise d'abord à montrer que le cadre de gestion actuelle du delta n'est pas favorable à un développement économique homogène et maîtrisé, prenant en charge toutes les structures (approche structurale) en présence (ethniques, politiques - inter et intra étatiques-, sociales etc.). aussi, une nouvelle approche est à déployer dans le bas delta à travers l'opérationnalisation de la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (gire) ainsi que la mise en place dune plate-forme de connaissances pour la gestion de l'eau (s.i.g., chorèmes, indicateurs, benchmarking, etc.). cette approche d'essence systèmique et multiscalaire (la gire) devrait permettre une meilleure exploitation/répartition des ressources hydrauliques, une meilleure productivité économique pour la sécurité en eau et, par extension, la sécurité alimentaire du sénégal (pour l'alimentation en eau potable, l'agriculture, l'élevage, la pêche, l'hydro- éléctricité, l'ouverture vers le marché mondial, etc.) ainsi qu'une meilleure articulation du global et du local dans la gouvernance de cet espace. le début de domestication a entraîné de profonds changements dans le bas delta. le territoire se recompose (arrivées de nouvelles populations pour sa mise en valeur). les pratiques agropastorales se modifient : passage d'une exploitation extensive par plusieurs ethnies - wolof, peulhs, toucouleurs, maures - et une pluri activité - agriculture, élevage, pêche -, à une exploitation intensive des ressources naturelles (agriculture irriguée, etc.) et à une urbanisation mal contrôlée, etc. dans ce cadre, cette thèse vise à montrer que pour bien gérer les ressources naturelles (eau, terre, biomasse), il faut considérer les structures ethnologiques et anthropologiques traditionnel qui ont construit un territoire (le bas delta) sur un modèle intégré. en effet, un modèle de gestion collective de l'espace et des ressources naturelles a été anciennement développé. ce modèle prenait en compte autant les organisations internes des différents groupes ethniques en présence que leurs projections territoriales. / The Senegal delta is between the Sahel, Sahara and the Atlantic Ocean. Its position on the Senegal-Mauritania border, the amount of fresh water available throughout the year and the importance of its agricultural potential irrigable areas and have made this a vital wetland area (agriculture, livestock, tourism, fishing, etc.). However, if different from the colonization rural development programs have been implemented, it must be admitted that the failures were also numerous.The construction of dams on the upper valley Manatali (1987) and Diama in the Delta (1985) has opened new possibilities for agricultural development. The aim is, in particular, to irrigate 350,000 ha of land, causing massive arrivals populations and substantial private investment (rice, agribusiness), but from a profound effect on the traditional management of these living areas (eg land ownership.) and production (flood recession cultivation, pastoralism, freshwater fishing, etc.). specific part for each ethnic group. Anthropological structures and social representations are different depending on the people who inhabit the delta (Wolof, Fulani, Tukulor, Maure, etc..) Not only affect them specifically on land organization, local politics, but in addition they help define, by their number and their spatial distribution, a particularly complex area in its relations to space, its development, etc.. we analyzeThis thesis shows that the socio-anthropological and spatial dynamics are impacted by the integrated management of water that goes up through the State of Senegal and the institutions of governance at the watershed scale. In terms of space, agricultural activity is to the detriment of traditional spaces. On the socio-anthropological terms, people equate modern tech through the filter of local realities, which is the basis of a hybrid system which is the heart of the technological transition in the irrigation schemes.The land issue remains a key operation of all rice-growing land in 2025 (target set by the Master Plan for the Development and Water Management). Achieving this goal will go through a land reform taking into account the hybrid systems that develop in the Senegal River delta.

As gender-based discrimination and violence against women continues to be a critical human rights issue across the world there is a growing demand of engaging men in transforming the relations, norms and the inequal social structures. Even though there are many laws and policies in place to protect women’s rights they are poorly implemented due to the fact that society and social institutions do not fundamentally support them. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how interviewed male college students describe their experiences of participating in a one-year program led by the non-governmental organisation called Men Against Violence and Abuse (MAVA), based in Mumbai, India. Focus has been on the training program seen from the participating students’ perspective and in what way they perceive it has had an impact on their view of gender-based discriminations, equality and patriarchal norms in society. The collected data has been analysed through the theory of patriarchy and gender socialization. The results of the study show that, even though the program has been successful in their goal to change the participants mindset to some extent, the main visible change seem to have been on the students interpersonal skills. The interviewed students report an awareness of gender-based issues in society but also a change on a personal level such as a developed confidence and communication skills. Methods like interactive sessions and street-plays as well as being exposed to new environments, are recurrently expressed to have been positive and beneficial experiences. Another finding is the belief that gender-norms and behaviour are deep-rooted in society. Therefore to change the mindset and changing the norms is a slow process and something that will take time.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23403号 / 理博第4738号 / 新制||理||1679(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 中家 剛, 准教授 田島 治, 准教授 成木 恵 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Main aim of this thesis is to create an application for measuring threshold in quiet and masking curves in C++ language. First chapter describes basic teory of perceiving sound and phenomenon of masking. Second chapter focuses on description of different hearing measurement methods. Third chapter describes, how the classes and functions for frequency changing oscilator and evaluation were created and how the graph display function works. Next chapter describes, how to use the application properly and how to do the basic calibration, so the data will be displayed correctly. Last chapter shows the correct function, measured thresholds in quiet and masking curves for two subjects.

<p>Unsafe lane changes have been identified as a common factor in motor vehicle accidents. It would be helpful, particularly for automated vehicles, to know if there are behaviors of vehicles, beyond a directional signal, or characteristics of the traffic environment that correlated with a higher probability of an unsafe lane change (lane changes without a directional signal). This work investigates what the observable cues are that drivers use to determine the relative safety when overtaking front vehicles, and if drivers make more lane changes under certain conditions on highways. This study utilizes interviews, surveys, 3D animation software, and highway driving public footage for data collection and experiments. It is found that a side-to-side motion of the front vehicle or a factor that might trigger a side-to-side motion of the front vehicle in the environment is the key marker that indicates a possible unsafe lane change, and it is also found that traffic speed, time of day, traffic flow, and a combination of traffic density & number of lanes & vehicle count all have effects on drive’s decision on making lane changes on different levels.</p>

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och hur lärare från olika generationer som undervisar i idrott och hälsa på grundskolenivå upplever att synen på ombyte och dusch förändrats över tid. De frågeställningar som kommer användas för att uppnå studiens syfte är: - Hur upplever lärare från olika generationer den förändring som skett i synen på ombyte och dusch i samband med idrott och hälsa? - Hur legitimerar lärare i idrott och hälsa från olika generationer ombytet och duschens vara eller icke vara i samband med lektioner i ämnet idrott och hälsa?   Metod Studien har en kvalitativ metodologisk ansats, med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Urvalet gjordes genom ett strategiskt urval. Urvalet bestod av sex aktiva examinerade grundskollärare i idrott och hälsa. Intervjuerna genomfördes i videokonferensprogrammet Zoom. För analys av datainsamlingen tillämpades tematisk analys. Studien har influerats i huvudsak av två teoretiska ramverk. Dessa är läroplansteorin och Pierre Bourdieus habitus och reproduktionsteorier.  Resultat Resultatet av studien visar på att de lärare som intervjuats är till majoritet överens om att förändringen som skett i synen på ombyte och dusch i samband med ämnet idrott och hälsa över tid, snarare ligger i en förändring av attityd hos eleverna än något annat. Resultatet visar också att majoriteten av lärarna som intervjuats legitimerar ombytet och duschens vara eller icke vara med någon form av nedärvd metod från sin egen skolgång.  Slutsats De slutsatser som dras i den föreliggande studien är att genom Pierre Bourdieus habitus och sociala reproduktion visar samtliga respondenterna i studien att en förändring skett i synen på ombyte och dusch över tid. Detta oavsett vilken generation läraren tillhör. En anledning till detta kan ses i läroplanen som i studien använts som ett tidsdokument utifrån läroplansteorin. Där förändringar i samhällssynen lett till förändringar i formuleringen av läroplanen. / Aim The aim of the study was to examine whether and how teachers from different generations who teach physical education and health at primary school level experience that the view of change and showering changes over time. The research questions that will be used to achieve the purpose of the study are: - How do teachers from different generations experience the change that has taken place in the view of changing and shower in connection with physical education? - How do teachers of physical education from different generations legitimize the change and the shower to be or not to be in connection with lessons in the subject of physical education? Method The study has a qualitative methodological approach, with semi-structured interviews as a method. The selection was made through a strategic selection. The sample consisted of six active graduate primary school teachers in physical education. The interviews are conducted in the video conferencing program Zoom. Thematic analysis is applied for analysis of the data collection. The study has been influenced mainly by two theoretical frameworks. These are curriculum theory and Pierre Bourdieu's habitus and reproduction theories. Results The results of studies show that teachers interviewed for the most part agree that the change that has taken place in the view of change and shower in connection with the subject of physical education over time, is rather a change in the attitude of the students than anything else. The results also show that most of the teachers interviewed legitimize the change and the presence or absence of the shower with some form of inherited method from their own schooling. Conclusion The conclusions drawn in the present study are that through Pierre Bourdieu's habitus and social reproduction, all respondents in the study show that there has been a change in the view of changing and showering over time. This regardless of which generation the teacher belongs to. One reason why this can be seen in the curriculum, which in the study was used as a time document based on the curriculum theory. Where changes in the view of society have led to changes in the formulation of the curriculum.

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a global dominating set of G if 5 simultaneously dominates both G and its complement G. The minimum cardinality of a global dominating set of G is the global domination number of G. We study the graphs for which removing any arbitrary edge from G and adding it to G decreases the global domination number.