Accurate, early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease is becoming increasingly important in light of its growing prevalence among the expanding older-aged adult population. Due to its ability to assess multiple domains of cognitive functioning and provide a profile of impairment rather than a simple global score, the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) is suggested to better assess such patterns of cognitive deficit for the purpose of diagnosis. The performance of the NCSE was compared with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for diagnostic sensitivity in a sample of patients diagnosed as having probable Alzheimer's Disease. The strength of correlation between severity of cognitive impairment on these tests and report of behavior problems on the Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (MBPC) was also explored, as was performance on the NCSE and report of behavior problems using the MBPC in predicting Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scan results. The NCSE was found to exhibit greater sensitivity to physician diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's Disease relative to two versions (Serial 7's or WORLD) of the MMSE (.90, .77 and .68, respectively). While both measures were found to correlate significantly with the report of behavior problems, only a moderate proportion (NCSE = .22 and MMSE = .33) of the explained variance was accounted for by either test. Severity of cognitive impairment on the NCSE was found to be significant, though small in estimate of its effect size, for predicting the absence/presence of pathognomic findings on SPECT scans. In contrast, the report of behavior problems on the MBPC did not significantly predict SPECT scan outcomes. The NCSE would appear to be a sensitive tool for the identification of the extent and severity of cognitive impairment found among demented individuals; however, it may be "over"-sensitive to such diagnosis. Although relationships between cognitive impairment and behavior problems and/or neuroradiological findings are observed, their meaningfulness remains with the need for further, more detailed, study using standardized criteria for comparison purposes.

It is now known that autism is a lifelong handicapping condition. While some of the characteristic behaviors of autistic children remain unchanged in adolescence and adulthood, there is evidence that other behaviors change as a function of development. Assessment instruments for identifying autism are generally intended for use with. young children and may not accurately assess autism in adolescents. Two studies compared autistic adolescents with matched autistic children and nonautistic adolescents on two autism rating scales. The validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale for use with adolescents was supported while the validity of the Prescreening Checklist was questioned. The findings were discussed in relation to the age-related changes which occur in autistic adolescents.

Para algumas crianças ações motoras típicas do cotidiano infantil tornam-se desafios que elas não conseguem superar adequadamente. Para intervir nesse quadro, é necessário selecionar instrumentos para identificar essas crianças com dificuldades motoras na idade mais precoce possível e, concomitantemente, identificar seus déficits para futura intervenção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a tradução e adaptação transcultural do Early Years Movement Skills Checklist (CHAMBERS; SUGDEN, 2006) e a verificação de sua validade concorrente e fidedignidade (teste-reteste e entre observadores) no contexto da pré-escola da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos quatro Estudos. Estudo 1 tradução e adaptação transcultural: foram adotados procedimentos sugeridos na literatura e como resultado foi produzida a Lista de Checagem das Habilidades Motoras na Primeira Infância (LCHMPI), a qual foi considerada adequada. Estudo 2 validade concorrente: 245 crianças (entre três e cinco anos de idade) foram avaliadas por suas professoras por meio da LCHMPI e pela pesquisadora por meio do Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2- Test (HENDERSON; SUGDEN; BARNETT, 2007) MABC-teste 2. Observou-se que 76,7% das crianças tiveram a mesma classificação nas duas avaliações, entretanto o coeficiente Kappa foi de apenas 0,20 e o coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman (- 0,10) não foi significante (p = 0,087). Apenas para o grupo de cinco anos de idade (n = 150) o coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman (- 0,204) foi considerado significantemente diferente de zero (p = 0,012). Dessa maneira, foi observada baixa concordância da LCHMPI com o MABC-teste 2. Apenas para a idade de cinco anos foi verificada melhor concordância. Estudo 3 fidedignidade teste-reteste: 39 crianças do Estudo 2 foram reavaliadas por suas professoras por meio da LCHMPI. Observou-se que 87,2% das crianças obtiveram a mesma classificação nas duas avaliações, porém o coeficiente Kappa foi de apenas 0,23 e o ICC de 0,67. Por meio do teste de postos com sinais de Wilcoxon não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as pontuações das duas avaliações (p = 0,353). Dessa maneira, a fidedignidade teste-reteste foi considerada razoável. Estudo 4 fidedignidade entre observadores: 18 crianças foram avaliadas por dois diferentes avaliadores. Foi observada, entre as duas avaliações, concordância de 77,8%, com coeficiente Kappa de 0,75 e ICC de 0,80. Dessa maneira, a fidedignidade entre observadores foi considerada boa. Como conclusão, entendeu-se que o procedimento de tradução e adaptação foi satisfatório e a LCHMPI adequada. Porém, a verificação de suas características psicométricas mostrou que essas não foram mantidas da sua versão original. Entendemos que a LCHMPI pode vir a auxiliar na identificação de dificuldades motoras, porém seus resultados ainda devem ser analisados com cautela. Alguns resultados apontam que a LCHMPI pode não ter sido aplicada de maneira adequada por alguns professores, dessa maneira, acreditamos que a eficiência do instrumento pode ser melhorada se for oferecido melhor treinamento aos professores para sua utilização / For some children, typical daily motor actions become a challenge they cannot overcome properly. To intervene in this context it is necessary to select instruments to identify children with motor difficulties at the earliest age and, concomitantly, identifying their deficits for future intervention. The objective of the present study was to translate and adapt (transcultural) the Early Years Movement Skills Checklist (CHAMBERS; SUGDEN, 2006) and verify its concurrent validity and reliability (test-retest and inter-rater) in the context of São Paulo citys pre-school. For this end, we developed four Studies. Study 1 - translation and transcultural adaptation: it was adopted a process suggested in the literature and, as a result, the Lista de Checagem das Habilidades Motoras na Primeira Infância (LCHMPI) was produced. The LCHMPI was considered adequate. Study 2 - concurrent validity - 245 children (between three and five years old) were assessed by their teachers using the LCHMPI, and by the researcher using the MABC-test 2 (HENDERSON; SUGDEN; BARNETT, 2007). It was observed that 76.7% of children obtained the same classification in both evaluations, however the Kappa coefficient was only 0.20 and Spearman´s rank coefficient correlation (- 0.10) was not statistically significant (p = 0.087). The Spearman´s rank coefficient correlation of - 0.204 was significant (p = 0.012) only for the five year-old group (n = 150). There was poor agreement with the MABC-test 2. Only the five year-old group showed a better agreement. Study 3 - test-retest reliability: 39 children from Study 2 were reassessed by their teachers using the LCHMPI. It was observed that 87.2% of the children obtained the same classification in both assessments, but the Kappa coefficient was only 0.23. The ICC was 0.67 and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference between the scores of the two assessments (p = 0.353). The test-retest reliability was considered reasonable. Study 4 - inter-rater reliability: 18 children were assessed by two different evaluators using the LCHMPI. It was observed an agreement of 77.8%, a Kappa coefficient of 0.75 and an ICC of 0.80 among the different evaluations. The inter-rater reliability was good. In conclusion, the process of translation and transcultural adaptation was considered satisfactory and LCHMPI was considered adequate. However, the verification of its psychometric characteristics showed that they were not retained from the original version. Thus, we conclude that the LCHMPI may help in the identification of motor difficulties, but its results must be carefully analyzed. The results point to problems in the use of the instrument by some teachers. Then, we believe the efficiency of the instrument can be improved if the teachers were offered more training for its use

Para algumas crianças ações motoras típicas do cotidiano infantil tornam-se desafios que elas não conseguem superar adequadamente. Para intervir nesse quadro, é necessário selecionar instrumentos para identificar essas crianças com dificuldades motoras na idade mais precoce possível e, concomitantemente, identificar seus déficits para futura intervenção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a tradução e adaptação transcultural do Early Years Movement Skills Checklist (CHAMBERS; SUGDEN, 2006) e a verificação de sua validade concorrente e fidedignidade (teste-reteste e entre observadores) no contexto da pré-escola da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos quatro Estudos. Estudo 1 tradução e adaptação transcultural: foram adotados procedimentos sugeridos na literatura e como resultado foi produzida a Lista de Checagem das Habilidades Motoras na Primeira Infância (LCHMPI), a qual foi considerada adequada. Estudo 2 validade concorrente: 245 crianças (entre três e cinco anos de idade) foram avaliadas por suas professoras por meio da LCHMPI e pela pesquisadora por meio do Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2- Test (HENDERSON; SUGDEN; BARNETT, 2007) MABC-teste 2. Observou-se que 76,7% das crianças tiveram a mesma classificação nas duas avaliações, entretanto o coeficiente Kappa foi de apenas 0,20 e o coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman (- 0,10) não foi significante (p = 0,087). Apenas para o grupo de cinco anos de idade (n = 150) o coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman (- 0,204) foi considerado significantemente diferente de zero (p = 0,012). Dessa maneira, foi observada baixa concordância da LCHMPI com o MABC-teste 2. Apenas para a idade de cinco anos foi verificada melhor concordância. Estudo 3 fidedignidade teste-reteste: 39 crianças do Estudo 2 foram reavaliadas por suas professoras por meio da LCHMPI. Observou-se que 87,2% das crianças obtiveram a mesma classificação nas duas avaliações, porém o coeficiente Kappa foi de apenas 0,23 e o ICC de 0,67. Por meio do teste de postos com sinais de Wilcoxon não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as pontuações das duas avaliações (p = 0,353). Dessa maneira, a fidedignidade teste-reteste foi considerada razoável. Estudo 4 fidedignidade entre observadores: 18 crianças foram avaliadas por dois diferentes avaliadores. Foi observada, entre as duas avaliações, concordância de 77,8%, com coeficiente Kappa de 0,75 e ICC de 0,80. Dessa maneira, a fidedignidade entre observadores foi considerada boa. Como conclusão, entendeu-se que o procedimento de tradução e adaptação foi satisfatório e a LCHMPI adequada. Porém, a verificação de suas características psicométricas mostrou que essas não foram mantidas da sua versão original. Entendemos que a LCHMPI pode vir a auxiliar na identificação de dificuldades motoras, porém seus resultados ainda devem ser analisados com cautela. Alguns resultados apontam que a LCHMPI pode não ter sido aplicada de maneira adequada por alguns professores, dessa maneira, acreditamos que a eficiência do instrumento pode ser melhorada se for oferecido melhor treinamento aos professores para sua utilização / For some children, typical daily motor actions become a challenge they cannot overcome properly. To intervene in this context it is necessary to select instruments to identify children with motor difficulties at the earliest age and, concomitantly, identifying their deficits for future intervention. The objective of the present study was to translate and adapt (transcultural) the Early Years Movement Skills Checklist (CHAMBERS; SUGDEN, 2006) and verify its concurrent validity and reliability (test-retest and inter-rater) in the context of São Paulo citys pre-school. For this end, we developed four Studies. Study 1 - translation and transcultural adaptation: it was adopted a process suggested in the literature and, as a result, the Lista de Checagem das Habilidades Motoras na Primeira Infância (LCHMPI) was produced. The LCHMPI was considered adequate. Study 2 - concurrent validity - 245 children (between three and five years old) were assessed by their teachers using the LCHMPI, and by the researcher using the MABC-test 2 (HENDERSON; SUGDEN; BARNETT, 2007). It was observed that 76.7% of children obtained the same classification in both evaluations, however the Kappa coefficient was only 0.20 and Spearman´s rank coefficient correlation (- 0.10) was not statistically significant (p = 0.087). The Spearman´s rank coefficient correlation of - 0.204 was significant (p = 0.012) only for the five year-old group (n = 150). There was poor agreement with the MABC-test 2. Only the five year-old group showed a better agreement. Study 3 - test-retest reliability: 39 children from Study 2 were reassessed by their teachers using the LCHMPI. It was observed that 87.2% of the children obtained the same classification in both assessments, but the Kappa coefficient was only 0.23. The ICC was 0.67 and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference between the scores of the two assessments (p = 0.353). The test-retest reliability was considered reasonable. Study 4 - inter-rater reliability: 18 children were assessed by two different evaluators using the LCHMPI. It was observed an agreement of 77.8%, a Kappa coefficient of 0.75 and an ICC of 0.80 among the different evaluations. The inter-rater reliability was good. In conclusion, the process of translation and transcultural adaptation was considered satisfactory and LCHMPI was considered adequate. However, the verification of its psychometric characteristics showed that they were not retained from the original version. Thus, we conclude that the LCHMPI may help in the identification of motor difficulties, but its results must be carefully analyzed. The results point to problems in the use of the instrument by some teachers. Then, we believe the efficiency of the instrument can be improved if the teachers were offered more training for its use

El estado actual de la ictiofauna de las aguas epicontinentales de la Región de Murcia está íntimamente ligado a las características climáticas e hidrológicas de la misma. La escasa disponibilidad del recurso agua hace que la comunidad íctica esté particularmente expuesta a la gestión de dicho recurso. Esta comunidad está compuesta por un total de 15 especies, 5 son autóctonas de la cuenca del Segura (Salmo trutta, Anguilla anguilla, Luciobarbus sclateri, Squalius pyrenaicus y Aphanius iberus) y las 10 restantes son alóctonas (Gobio lozanoi, Pseudochondrostoma polylepis, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Micropterus salmoides, Gambusia holbrooki, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Alburnus alburnus, Sander lucioperca y Lepomis gibbosus). Se ha observado una marcada regresión en el área de ocupación de las especies autóctonas. Los vertidos de origen agrícola y los cambios de caudal son los factores de amenaza puntuales de mayor importancia. / The current state of ichthyofauna of epicontinental waters in Murcia region is closely linked to its climatic and hydrological characteristics. The limited availability of water as a resource means that fish are particularly exposed to the management of this resource. This community comprises a total of 15 species, being 5 native to Segura basin (Salmo trutta, Anguilla anguilla, Luciobarbus sclateri, Squalius pyrenaicus and Aphanius Iberus) and being alien the remaining 10 (Gobio lozanoi, Pseudochondrostoma polylepis, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Micropterus salmoides, Gambusia holbrooki, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Alburnus alburnus, Sander lucioperca and Lepomis gibbosus). There has been a marked decline in the occupancy of the native species. Discharges of agricultural origin and changes of flow are the factors of threat of greater importance

In today's world there is a need for products and services that are accessible to all individuals. Universal Design is the concept that products and environments should be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialization. There is a growing need for such products. However, many products are not accessible to all potential customers, arguably due to a lack of experience, design tools, and engineering methods for creating universally designed products. This research compares paired products to determine the differences between "Universal Design (UD)" and "Standard" Products. For each pair of products, a functional model and activity diagram were developed and analyzed. For each product pair, the identified differences in the products were recorded in a Universal Design differences database. Through systematic analysis of the Universal Design differences database and other research in Universal Design, a set of three Handheld Universal Design Tools was created. The toolset consists of the Handheld Universal Design Checklist, The Handheld Universal Design Guidelines, and the Handheld Universal Design Matrix. These three tools are designed to be used in the concept generation phase of product design or redesign. The Handheld Universal Design Tools were evaluated using a human subjects experiment. Control and test groups were asked to generate concepts for redesigning a product. The metrics of quality, universality, laterality, senior usability and inclusivity were used to evaluate the design concepts. The results of the study suggest that Handheld Universal Design Tools assist engineers in generating design concepts appropriate for Universally Designed products. As a part of the research, Universal Design was presented to first year mechanical engineering students with pre- and post- surveys on the students' perceptions of engineering. Subsequent analysis of the surveys indicated that exposure to Universal Design affects students' perceptions of engineers' overall role in society and their capacity to help others. The Handheld Universal Design Checklist, Guidelines and Matrix represent an initial step to provide engineers with tools to create Universally Designed products. / text

Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) checklista för säker kirurgi utvecklades för att minska risken för kirurgiska komplikationer och dödsfall i samband med kirurgi. Kommunikationen i operationssalen behöver förbättras mellan alla personalkategorier så att säkerhetsåtgärder blir konsekventa och rätt utförda. Målet med sjukvården är att främja en hög patientsäkerhet för att minimera andelen vårdrelaterade skador. Trots att WHO´s checklista visat positiva resultat finns indikationer på att följsamheten minskar samt att den möts av motstånd från personalen. Syftet med studien var att belysa operationssjuksköterskans upplevelse vid användningen av WHO´s checklista. Fyra operationssjuksköterskor intervjuades och resultaten analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysprocessen resulterade i tre kategorier: säkerhet i vårdprocessen, vidareutveckling och följsamhet. I resultatet framkom hur användningen av WHO´s checklista främjar patientens säkerhet både i det patientnära arbetet samt i operationssjuksköterskans självständiga arbete. Behovet av vidareutveckling för att möta verksamhetens individuella krav var en annan synpunkt som lyftes fram. Vikten av följsamhet betonades av operationssjuksköterskorna för att uppnå avsikten med WHO´s checklista för säker kirurgi. Konklusionen är att konsekvent tillämpning av WHO´s checklista för säker kirurgi resulterar i ökad patientsäkerhet. / The surgical safety checklist was developed by the World health organization (WHO) to reduce the risk of surgical complications and death. The communication in the operating room needs to be improved between all categories of the staff so that the safety measures will be consistently and correctly performed. The target with hospital care is to promote a high patient safety to minimize the share of care related injuries. In the spite of WHO´s checklist has shown positive result there are indications that compliance decreases and it is also met with resistance from the hospital staff. The purpose of this study would like to illustrate the theater nurses experience about the application of WHO´s checklist. Four theater nurses where interviewed and the result was analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The process of the analysis resulted in three categories: safety of the care process, development and compliance. The result showed how the application of WHO´s checklist promotes safety for the patient in the close contact and in the theatre nurse independent occupation. The need of development to meet the changing surgical field was another aspect. The importance of compliance where described by the theatre nurse to achieve the best outcome of WHO´s checklist for safe surgery. A consistent implementation of WHO´s surgical safety checklist lead to increased patient safety.

Check: IRK (Initial Riskbedömning för Kriminalitet) är en nyutvecklad evidensbaserad checklista tänkt att användas av professionella i initiala bedömningar för att identifiera riskfaktorer för kriminalitet hos ungdomar och vuxna med risk för långvarigt kriminellt beteende. Syftet med vår studie var att i en första pilottestning ta reda på hur professionella inom polis och socialtjänst uppfattar användbarheten av Check: IRK. Via en webbenkätundersökning besvarade 21 respondenter, varav 6 män och 15 kvinnor mellan 26-47 år (M=36 år, SD=6,70) på frågor gällande innehåll, tillämpning och utbildning i Check: IRK. Studiens data analyserades med Z-test och resultaten indikerar att utifrån innehåll, tillämpning och utbildning i checklistan så uppfattar professionella inom polis och socialtjänst Check: IRK som användbar i sitt arbete. / Check: IRK is a newly developed evidence-based checklist designed to be used by professionals in the initial assessment to identify risk factors for criminality in adolescents and adults at risk of long-term criminal behavior. The current pilot study investigated how professionals within the police and social services perceived the usefulness of Check: IRK. Through a web survey 21 respondents including 6 men and 15 women between the age of 26-47 years (M=36 years, SD=6,70) answered questions regarding the content, implementation and training of the Check: IRK. Data were analyzed using Z-test and the results indicated that professionals within the police and social services find the Check: IRK to be useful in their daily work.

Orientador: Djalma de Carvalho Moreira Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T07:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_EneidaRached_D.pdf: 1590665 bytes, checksum: 4d824ace74d3c0a91782143ad65c17d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: Ações são encadeadas nas linhas de cuidado para organizar o percurso assistencial do consumidor de saúde. Método: Determinação de interrelações entre os conceitos e as práticas da epidemiologia, da ciência da administração e da lógica de inferência para o estudo de linha de cuidado. Resultados: 1) Criação do Método de Planejamento Epidemiológico de Linha de Cuidado - PELC - para testar e determinar o melhor percurso assistencial e para garantir sua qualidade. O Método PELC forma uma Equipe de Árbitros para definir o Tratamento Padrão (TP) da linha de cuidado e seu Escore PELC-TP; compara cada linha de cuidado (LC) com o Tratamento Padrão e o resultado é representado no Escore PELC-LC; cria base de comparação entre o Grupo Caso- LC e o Grupo Controle-LC; instala estudos epidemiológicos para investigar os fatores clínicos-sociais-organizacionais mais determinantes para os resultados futuros da linha de cuidado. No estudo prospectivo, o Experimento de Gestão oferece as linhas do Grupo Controle-LC. O Sistema do Cuidado Advir monitora a qualidade do cuidado que está por vir. A Saúde Autorreferida pesquisa o grau de autopercepção de saúde do consumidor. 2) Aplicação do Método PELC com delineamento de caso-controle na linha de cuidado das crianças e dos adolescentes infectados pelo HIV. Definição do Tratamento Padrão com PELCTP= 100 e Escore PELC-RES = 51 (sucesso terapêutico). A análise de regressão logística mostrou os seguintes fatores como mais determinantes para PELCRES< 20 e para PELC-LC<75: ter adesão à terapia antirretroviral (OR=0,26; IC95%=0,09-0,69; p=0,007), ter consulta na otorrino (OR=3,9; IC95%=1,27-12,51; p=0,018), ter consulta no serviço social (OR=6,36; IC95%=1,53-44,36; p=0,024) e ter faltado em consultas de rotina (OR=13,01; IC95%=3,42-86,81; p=0,001). Conclusões: O Método PELC abre a discussão de uma nova linha de pesquisa para estudos locais ou multicêntricos de linhas de cuidado / Abstract: Introduction: Actions are linked in lines of care to organize the course of assistance of the healthcare consumer. Method: The determination of correlations between concepts and practices of epidemiology, of administration science and of logic of inference for the study of line of care. Results: 1) The creation of the Method of Epidemiological Planning for the Line of Care - PELC - to test and determine the best assistance course and to ensure its quality. The PELC Method compiles a Team of Referees to define the Standard Treatment (ST) of the line of care and its PELC-ST score; compares each line of care (LC) with the Standard Treatment and the result is represented in the PELC-LC score; it creates a base of comparison between the LC-Case Group and the LC-Control Group; installs epidemiological studies to investigate the most determining clinical-social organizational factors for future results of the line of care. In the prospective study, the Management Experiment offers the lines in the LC-Control Group. The Aftercare System monitors the quality of care that is coming. The Self-referred Healthcare researches the degree of health self-perception of the consumer. 2) Application of the PELC Method with the design of case-control in line of care of children and adolescents infected by HIV. Definition of the Standard Treatment with PELC-ST=100 and PELC-RES=51 score (therapeutic success). The analysis of logistic regression have shown the following factors as the most determinant for PELC-RES<20 and for PELC-LC<75: adhering to the antiretroviral therapy (OR=0.26; IC95%=0.09-0.69; p=0.007), have an appointment at the otolaryngologist (OR=3.9; IC95%=1.27-12.51; p=0.018), have an appointment at social services (OR=6.36; IC95%=1.53-44.36; p=0.024) have missed routine appointments (OR=13.01; IC95%=3.42-86.81; p=0.001). Conclusions: The PELC Method opens the debate of a new line of research for local or multicentre studies in lines of care / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

The purpose of this study was to develop a list of usability guidelines, i.e. a usability checklist, which can assist in evaluating the usability of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) user interfaces. Interviews were conducted to help understand their context of use and to find design focus points for the evaluation of MOOCs interface. These design focus points were then inspected for usability issues with Jakob Nielsen’s usability inspection method - heuristic evaluation - using author’s own set of 10 usability heuristics. The study reveals two main findings. Firstly, the context of use of MOOCs differs from a regular university course in the manner of how users perceive and approach them. And secondly, the usability checklist has to be adaptable and up-to-date in order to support the constant change of context of use of MOOCs. The combination of both findings is what makes this study not just another checklist, but a valid contribution to the understanding of MOOCs and the research field in HCI.