No description available.

The purpose of this study was to explore the incentives and barriers perceived by low-income women of child-bearing age related to their participation in nutrition education programs. The specific programs of concern in this study are the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and the Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) program. This qualitative study sought to hear the voices of the women so that nutrition programs can be made more successful in reaching this population. Personal interviews were conducted with 23 women in their homes or appropriate local sites, and transcripts were analyzed to identify categories and themes. People of low socioeconomic status and those with the least education have higher rates of obesity and overweight and suffer disproportionately from poor health. Women receiving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) also receive Medicaid. Medicaid costs have escalated due to the obesity rate, which is currently estimated at 64% of the adult population. In addition, 30% of American children are experiencing obesity or are overweight. It is important for parents to understand the causes of obesity and the effects of the chronic diseases related to obesity. Prevention programs are more cost effective than medical treatment of the diseases associated with obesity, and proper nutrition can reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Findings of this study suggest that isolation is the main impediment to participating in nutrition education programs. Missing from the interviewed women's circumstances are social capital, human capital, and economic capital. Social capital relates to the connections and relationships that are important in life. Human capital involves the knowledge and skills acquired through life experiences. Economic capital refers to individual wealth or economic resources available to an individual or community. Nutrition education programs should be refined to incorporate opportunities for socialization that will develop trust and reciprocity, as well as nutrition knowledge. Based on the results of this study, Virginia Cooperative Extension programs will be adapted to incorporate weight control and cooking classes with nutritious recipes. The learning environment will be safe, learner-centered, and fun. New marketing tools that are more appealing to the prospective clients will be developed. / Ed. D.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Le aziende a controllo familiare sono considerate in molti Paesi la struttura proprietaria dominante, e la ricerca accademica si è progressivamente concentrata negli ultimi decenni sugli aspetti peculiari che differenziano le aziende familiari dalle altre strutture proprietarie. Nonostante questa convergenza, molti studi hanno sviluppato teorie contrastanti, in modo particolare sulla capacità delle aziende familiari di generare performance finanziarie superiori. Di converso, pochi studi hanno concentrato l’attenzione sulle scelte strategiche che posso spiegare il (maggiore o minore) differenziale di performance delle aziende familiari. Partendo dall’assunto che punti di forza e di debolezza possano coesistere nelle aziende familiari, identificare se siano gli uni o gli altri a prevalere è una sfida complessa se non si prendono in considerazione le scelte strategiche effettuate dalle aziende familiari. Partendo da questo gap nella letteratura, il presente lavoro cerca di misurare l’impatto che la proprietà familiare può avere sulle performance aziendali concentrandosi su tre aspetti principali della strategia d’impresa: il livello di conformità strategico alla media di settore (mediante la creazione di un indice che approssima le principali determinanti della business strategy), l’avvio di un processo di internazionalizzazione attraverso investimenti diretti esteri (IDE), e le implicazioni delle strategie di acquisizione. / The family business is widely considered the dominant property structure around the world and the research on this field has increased rapidly in the last decades to understand whether and in which aspects family firms differ from other organizations. Despite this convergence, the actual body of research on family firms is populated by conflicting theories and findings, especially on the relationship with financial performance. On the other hand, few studies focus their attention on which strategic choices may explain the financial differences between family firms and non-family peers. Starting from this research gap, we think that both positive and negative aspects may coexist in family firms, and it would be difficult to identify which predominate without considering how family principals frame strategic decisions. In our thesis, we try to disentangle the effect of family ownership on firm performance focusing on three main aspects of firm strategy: the level of strategic conformity through the creation of a composite index (in which we incorporated six items that can be considered as key determinants of the business strategy), the departure of the internationalization process through foreign direct investments (FDI), and the implications of acquisition strategies.

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU) / Cette recherche propose la description panoramique du style mélodique du compositeur québécois Claude Vivier (1948-1983) d’un point de vue qualifié d’endogénétique. L’entreprise repose sur l’analyse de seize (16) œuvres, composées entre 1973 et 1982 et allant de Chants à Samarkand. Il s’agit, en les considérant dans l'ordre chronologique de leur composition, de déterminer quels traits stylistiques mélodiques sont propres à chacune des œuvres, comment ils sont transformés d’une œuvre à l’autre, et quels traits stylistiques nouveaux apparaissent. Dans certains cas, une de ces caractéristiques est utilisée comme moteur unique d'une œuvre : un élément utilisé parmi d'autres dans certaines œuvres – la mélodie principale, la construction mélodique par ajouts de hauteurs, les accords-couleurs – apparaît comme l’élément principal d'une œuvre spécifique, pour ensuite être réintégré dans une autre, mais en étant ramené à un rôle secondaire au profit d'un autre élément. L’ensemble donne lieu à une description dynamique du style de Vivier comme évoluant de façon hélicoïdale plutôt que de façon linéaire. La thèse est constituée de trois chapitres précédés d'une introduction, consacrée au parcours biographique du compositeur, à la revue critique de la littérature analytique qui lui a été consacrée et à la notion de style. Le premier chapitre présente le choix des œuvres analysées et la méthodologie suivie, en particulier les principes de l'analyse paradigmatique, utilisée systématiquement pour chacune des seize œuvres analysées. Les parcours analytiques des œuvres forment le chapitre central de la thèse et permettent la constitution de fiches stylistiques dont les résultats sont compilés dans un tableau synthèse servant de base à un chapitre final où l’évolution endogénétique du style mélodique de Vivier est synthétisée. La seconde partie de la thèse présente en annexe les analyses paradigmatiques des seize œuvres, auxquelles renvoient les parcours analytiques du deuxième chapitre. Cette recherche a notamment démontré des similitudes d'axes paradigmatiques entre les œuvres, ce qui a donné lieu à une dénomination uniforme des axes d'une œuvre à l'autre ; ils sont décrits avec précision au début du second chapitre. Bien que la méthodologie utilisée donne une importance première au paramètre mélodique, les autres paramètres musicaux sont également mis en lumière dans les parcours analytiques. / This research proposes the panoramic description of the musical melodic style of Quebec composer Claude Vivier (1948-1983) from a perspective identified as endogenetic. The endeavour is based on the analysis of sixteen (16) works composed between 1973 and 1982, from Chants to Samarkand. This entails considering them in their chronological order of composition, so as to determine which stylistic traits are present in each work, how these are transformed from one work to the next, and what new stylistic melodic traits appear. In some cases, a single trait is used to propel an entire work: thus, an element that is one among many in certain works–the mélodie principale (principal melody), additive melodic construction based on pitch, accords-couleurs (colour-chords)–appears as the principal element of a particular work, to then be reintegrated into a subsequent work, this time in a subordinate role to some other element. Taken as a whole, these analyses lead to a dynamic description of Vivier’s style as having evolved in spirals rather than in a linear fashion. This dissertation is comprised of three chapters preceded by an introduction that is dedicated to the biographical elements of Vivier’s life, to a review of analytical literature devoted to the composer, and to a discussion of style as a concept. Chapter One presents the selection process of the works chosen for analysis and the methodology applied, in particular the fundamentals of paradigmatic analysis, used systematically for each of the sixteen works analyzed. The analytical overview for each of the works forms the core of the central chapter of the dissertation, facilitating the production of style index cards whose results are compiled in a summary chart that provides the foundation for the final chapter, where a synthesis of the endogenetic evolution of Vivier’s melodic style is presented. In the second part of the dissertation, an annex contains the paradigmatic analyses of all sixteen works, as referred to in Chapter Two during discussion of the analytical overview. In particular, this research has demonstrated the presence of similar paradigmatic axes between works, which has resulted in a standardization of the naming structure of these axes from one work to another; these are explained in detail at the beginning of the second chapter. Although the chosen methodology allots particular importance to the melodic parameter, the other musical parameters are also brought to light during the analytical overviews.

Les enjeux présentés par la puissance financière des fonds souverains et les réactions politiques des pays d’accueil appellent naturellement à s’interroger sur la façon dont la fiscalité appréhende ces questions. La réponse nécessite de se placer tant sur le plan du droit interne français que sur celui de la fiscalité internationale. La présente étude procède à une analyse comparée de la fiscalité directe applicable aux fonds souverains en France et aux Etats-Unis. Cette analyse se poursuit à travers l’examen de conventions fiscales conclues par la France mais aussi par des Etats étrangers détenteurs de fonds souverains. La question de l’application des conventions fiscales aux fonds souverains est évoquée à travers l’exposé des modèles de conventions fiscales de l’OCDE et des Etats-Unis. Le statut fiscal des fonds souverains est confronté à celui des apporteurs de capitaux privés au regard de la distorsion de concurrence fiscale entre investisseurs. En l’absence de dispositions législatives précises, de doctrine administrative et de jurisprudence, ces travaux sont principalement fondés sur une interprétation des faits et du droit positif. Les solutions proposées tentent de remédier aux problématiques ainsi dégagées. / The growing number of investments made by sovereign wealth funds and the reactions of host countries has raised questions regarding the tax treatment of those public financial entities. Answering these questions implies to analyze the tax legislation on both a national and international level. In this respect this paper compares the direct taxation of sovereign wealth funds investments in France and in the United States. It is then followed by an analysis of some tax treaties signed by France as well as tax treaties signed by countries owning sovereign wealth funds. Questions related to the application of tax treaties to sovereign wealth funds are examined through the presentation of the OECD model tax convention and the United States income model tax convention. We then compare the tax status of sovereign wealth funds and private investors regarding tax competition and portfolio choices. We will see through the lack of tax regulations, guidance and the absence of court decision that this study is mainly based on an interpretation of the facts and the law as a consequence. The solutions provided in this paper aim at clarifying the issues we have identified. Hopefully this will raise further interrogations and will be followed by other studies.

La stratégie «Adequate shelter for all and sustainable settlements development in an urbanising world» adoptée au sommet mondial Habitat II d’Istanbul de 1996, traduite dans les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement et maintenant dans les Objectifs de Développement Durable, vise à fournir un logement décent au plus grand nombre de ménages dans les villes du monde et celles d’Afrique Subsaharienne en particulier. La crise du logement caractérisée par les conditions abjectes dans lesquelles la majorité des ménages des villes d’Afrique subsaharienne se logent, devient ainsi un problème majeur auquel la littérature spécialisée promeut généralement, parmi tous les modes d’occupation du logement, l’accession à la propriété comme la panacée. En supposant que cette dimension de la crise du logement ne peut s’expliquer que par les comportements résidentiels des ménages généralement autopromoteurs de leurs logements en Afrique de l’Ouest, et à Lomé la capitale du Togo en particulier, cette thèse de doctorat vise à répondre à la question générale de recherche suivante : Les choix résidentiels à Lomé, en particulier le choix du statut d’occupation du logement, sont-ils exclusivement influencés par le profil des ménages occupants? Par une approche mixte d’écologie urbaine basée sur des analyses croisées de régression logistique multinomiale appliquées à trois sources de données (RGPH4 de 2010, QUIBB de 2011, TERRAIN 2013) étayées par l’analyse biographique relative aux stratégies résidentielles d’un échantillon de 411 ménages participants dans quatre quartiers de Lomé, choisie comme base empirique, la recherche a plus ou moins confirmé les hypothèses émises a priori par les résultats principaux suivants: En lien avec la faible mobilité résidentielle générale qui caractérise les pratiques résidentielles à Lomé, les ménages choisissent, en élaborant des stratégies «de petits pas», leur statut d’occupation du logement suivant des trajectoires résidentielles surtout ascendantes, en fonction plus de leur profil démographique (âge, genre, statut migratoire et matrimonial, type et taille) que de leur statut socioéconomique (revenu, emploi, éducation). Ces choix résidentiels sont également déterminés par les attributs des logements (typologie, localisation et accès aux services de base) constituant les parcs résidentiels existants. Les ménages propriétaires de Lomé, souvent biparentaux, sont plus âgés, plus larges que les ménages locataires et hébergés. Les natifs de la ville et les migrants de longue date sont plus enclins à être propriétaires et durablement hébergés que les nouveaux arrivants. Globalement plus fortunés que les hébergés, les propriétaires ne sont pas forcément plus nantis et plus éduqués que les locataires. L’habitat de cour, habitation multifamiliale majoritaire dans le parc résidentiel de Lomé, bien qu’il abrite des ménages de tous les statuts résidentiels, il est surtout réservé aux locataires. La thèse suggère que des programmes accrus de financement institutionnel du logement, de rénovation générale du parc résidentiel existant et de production d’une version améliorée de l’habitat de cour, avec l’assistance technique publique, contribueront à fournir un logement décent au plus grand nombre de ménages qu’ils soient propriétaires, locataires ou hébergés, à Lomé et ailleurs dans les villes d’Afrique de l’Ouest, conformément au paradigme actuel du développement durable des établissements humains. / «Adequate shelter for all and sustainable settlements development in an urbanizing world», strategy adopted in 1996 at the World Summit Habitat II of Istanbul and expressed in the Millennium Development Goals and now in Sustainable Development Goals, aims to provide a decent housing for the greatest number of households in the world and especially in sub-saharian African towns. Since then, access to adequate housing becomes an important issue for housing research in developing and sub-Saharan African countries where most of households still live in abject conditions of lack adequate water and sanitation services which, among others, typify the acute housing crisis they are facing up to. Housing policies and literature generally promote homeownership as the panacea to solve this size of the housing shortage. Assuming that this housing crisis in West Africa, especially in Lomé the capital of Togo, should be explained by the residential behavior of the households, who are self-help promoters in majority, this doctoral thesis try to answer the following general research question: Are the residential choices in Lomé, especially tenure choice, exclusively influenced by the occupier households’ characteristics? By a mixed approach of urban ecology based on multinomial logistic regression cross-study analyses applied to three data sources (RGPH4 2010, QUIBB 2011 and 2013 field survey data) supported by the life histories concerning the residential strategies of a sample of 411 households in four areas of Lomé chosen as empirical basis, the research confirms more or less the assumptions made, by the following main results: In connection with the general low residential mobility that characterizes the residential patterns in Lomé, households make their tenure choices through especially upward trajectories by developing strategies of «small steps», more according to their demographic profile (stage of life cycle, age, gender, migratory and marital status, type, size) than their socioeconomic status (income, employment, education). These residential choices are also determined by the characteristics of the existing residential parks (typology, location, access to basic services of housing). We find that owner-occupiers are often bi-parental households headed by men, older and larger than renter and free-holder households in Lomé. Native and long-term migrant households are more likely to be homeowners and long-term sharers than those who recently migrate. Homeowner households are overall well-off than free-holders, but they are not necessary wealthier and better educated than the renters. The thesis also shows that family house which mainly makes up the residential park of Lomé, is especially kept for renters, although it shelters households of all the tenures. We suggest that steady programmes of housing finance systems extended to all the sectors of the society, concentrated on the access of the current housing stock to basic services and on the supply, with the public technical support, of an improved version of family house, will largely contribute to offer a decent housing to most of the households in Lomé as elsewhere in West African cities, whether they are owner-occupiers, renters or sharers.

A performance coral requer que o regente faça uma série de escolhas técnicas e interpretativas. Um dos elementos a respeito dos quais o regente faz escolhas é a dicção do texto cantado, visto que a notação musical ocidental não especifica o exato instante de articulação, a duração ou a dinâmica de vogais e consoantes. Manuais de regência coral geralmente discutem a dicção em termos de uniformidade de pronúncia e clareza de enunciação, ou também de sua relação com a homogeneidade do timbre coral e/ou com uma linha legato. Entretanto, são poucos os escritos sobre regência coral que explicitam possíveis durações, dinâmicas e/ou instantes de articulação de vogais e consoantes, e ainda mais raros aqueles que exemplificam como tais escolhas podem contribuir para uma performance expressiva. Nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento de pesquisas sobre a expressividade na performance, contudo poucas mencionam que a maneira como o texto é pronunciado pode colaborar com a expressividade. Ademais, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos expressivos da dicção em performances especificamente corais. Neste trabalho, estudamos as escolhas interpretativas de regentes quanto à dicção do texto em obras corais cantadas em alemão, visando a observar os efeitos dessas escolhas na expressividade da performance coral. Para isso, utilizamos um conjunto de métodos e técnicas que incluem estudos bibliográficos e estudos de caso, entrevistas, análises de partituras, assim como análises de gravações feitas com o software Sonic Visualiser. A primeira parte apresenta os pontos de partida da pesquisa, que se referem às questões de escolhas e de expressividade na performance. A segunda parte apresenta os estudos bibliográficos, que incluem uma análise de escritos sobre regência coral e também dados coletados nas entrevistas que fizemos com seis regentes. Nessa parte, discutimos a pronúncia do alemão para o canto, as sugestões de regentes quanto à dicção do texto (principalmente em relação à duração, à dinâmica e ao instante de articulação de vogais e consoantes), as relações entre a articulação do texto e a articulação musical, e as possibilidades expressivas da dicção. A terceira parte apresenta os estudos de caso, nos quais analisamos partituras e gravações de obras corais de J. S. Bach, F. Schubert e J. Brahms e descrevemos os efeitos de diferentes escolhas relativas à dicção. A quarta e última parte confronta os dados apresentados nos estudos bibliográficos e nos estudos de caso. Nela, discutimos as relações entre as gravações e a literatura pesquisada em termos das escolhas interpretativas relacionadas à dicção, da influência da articulação do texto sobre articulação musical, e do papel da dicção na expressividade da performance coral. Os resultados sugerem que, em situações específicas, a dicção pode ter um papel central na expressividade da performance, sendo eventualmente tão ou mais significativa que aspectos mais comumente analisados, como variações de andamento, portamento ou vibrato. Por fim, sugerimos dois elementos relacionados à dicção que podem contribuir para compreender a experiência de escuta de uma performance expressiva: um sentido de que os músicos são parte da música e um sentido de estar no momento presente. / Choral performance requires several interpretative and technical choices by the conductor. One of the elements about which the conductor makes choices is the diction of the sung text, since Western musical notation does not specify the precise instant of articulation, the duration or the dynamic of vowels and consonants. Choral conducting handbooks generally discuss diction in terms of uniformity of pronunciation and clearness of enunciation, or also in terms of its relationship with choral blend and/or with a legato line. However, few writings on choral conducting are explicit in relation to possible durations, dynamics and/or instants of articulation of vowels and consonants, and even rarer are those which exemplify how these choices may contribute to an expressive performance. In the last decades, researches on expressivity in music performance have increased, yet few of such researches mention that the way one pronounces a text may play a part in expressivity. Moreover, little is known about the effects of an expressive diction specifically in choral performances. In this research, I investigate conductors\' interpretative choices regarding text diction in choral music sung in German, aiming to identify the effects of these choices on the expressivity of choral performance. My research uses mixed methods and techniques, which include bibliographical studies, case studies, interviews, score analyses, as well as recording analyses made with the software Sonic Visualiser. The first part presents the research\'s starting points, which refer to questions on choices in performance and on expressivity in performance. The second part presents the bibliographical studies, which include an analysis of writings about choral conducting and data collected in the interviews I did with six conductors. In this part I discuss German diction for singing, conductor\'s suggestions with respect to text diction (especially as regards the duration, the dynamic and the instant of articulation of vowels and consonants), the relationships between text articulation and musical articulation, and the expressive possibilities of diction. The third part presents the case studies, in which I analyse scores and recordings of choral works by J. S. Bach, F. Schubert and J. Brahms, and describe the effects of different choices related to diction. The fourth and last part compares data presented in the bibliographical studies and in the case studies. In this final part, I discuss the relationships between the recordings and the researched literature in terms of the interpretative choices regarding text diction, the influence of text articulation on musical articulation, and the role of diction in the expressivity of choral performance. Results suggest that in particular situations text diction can play a central role in performance expressivity, eventually being as significant as (or perhaps even more than) aspects more commonly analysed in researches, such as variations in tempo, portamento or vibrato. Finally, I suggest two elements concerning text diction that may contribute to an understanding of the experience of listening to an expressive performance: a sense that the musicians are part of the music, as well as a sense of being in the present moment.

A performance coral requer que o regente faça uma série de escolhas técnicas e interpretativas. Um dos elementos a respeito dos quais o regente faz escolhas é a dicção do texto cantado, visto que a notação musical ocidental não especifica o exato instante de articulação, a duração ou a dinâmica de vogais e consoantes. Manuais de regência coral geralmente discutem a dicção em termos de uniformidade de pronúncia e clareza de enunciação, ou também de sua relação com a homogeneidade do timbre coral e/ou com uma linha legato. Entretanto, são poucos os escritos sobre regência coral que explicitam possíveis durações, dinâmicas e/ou instantes de articulação de vogais e consoantes, e ainda mais raros aqueles que exemplificam como tais escolhas podem contribuir para uma performance expressiva. Nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento de pesquisas sobre a expressividade na performance, contudo poucas mencionam que a maneira como o texto é pronunciado pode colaborar com a expressividade. Ademais, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos expressivos da dicção em performances especificamente corais. Neste trabalho, estudamos as escolhas interpretativas de regentes quanto à dicção do texto em obras corais cantadas em alemão, visando a observar os efeitos dessas escolhas na expressividade da performance coral. Para isso, utilizamos um conjunto de métodos e técnicas que incluem estudos bibliográficos e estudos de caso, entrevistas, análises de partituras, assim como análises de gravações feitas com o software Sonic Visualiser. A primeira parte apresenta os pontos de partida da pesquisa, que se referem às questões de escolhas e de expressividade na performance. A segunda parte apresenta os estudos bibliográficos, que incluem uma análise de escritos sobre regência coral e também dados coletados nas entrevistas que fizemos com seis regentes. Nessa parte, discutimos a pronúncia do alemão para o canto, as sugestões de regentes quanto à dicção do texto (principalmente em relação à duração, à dinâmica e ao instante de articulação de vogais e consoantes), as relações entre a articulação do texto e a articulação musical, e as possibilidades expressivas da dicção. A terceira parte apresenta os estudos de caso, nos quais analisamos partituras e gravações de obras corais de J. S. Bach, F. Schubert e J. Brahms e descrevemos os efeitos de diferentes escolhas relativas à dicção. A quarta e última parte confronta os dados apresentados nos estudos bibliográficos e nos estudos de caso. Nela, discutimos as relações entre as gravações e a literatura pesquisada em termos das escolhas interpretativas relacionadas à dicção, da influência da articulação do texto sobre articulação musical, e do papel da dicção na expressividade da performance coral. Os resultados sugerem que, em situações específicas, a dicção pode ter um papel central na expressividade da performance, sendo eventualmente tão ou mais significativa que aspectos mais comumente analisados, como variações de andamento, portamento ou vibrato. Por fim, sugerimos dois elementos relacionados à dicção que podem contribuir para compreender a experiência de escuta de uma performance expressiva: um sentido de que os músicos são parte da música e um sentido de estar no momento presente. / Choral performance requires several interpretative and technical choices by the conductor. One of the elements about which the conductor makes choices is the diction of the sung text, since Western musical notation does not specify the precise instant of articulation, the duration or the dynamic of vowels and consonants. Choral conducting handbooks generally discuss diction in terms of uniformity of pronunciation and clearness of enunciation, or also in terms of its relationship with choral blend and/or with a legato line. However, few writings on choral conducting are explicit in relation to possible durations, dynamics and/or instants of articulation of vowels and consonants, and even rarer are those which exemplify how these choices may contribute to an expressive performance. In the last decades, researches on expressivity in music performance have increased, yet few of such researches mention that the way one pronounces a text may play a part in expressivity. Moreover, little is known about the effects of an expressive diction specifically in choral performances. In this research, I investigate conductors\' interpretative choices regarding text diction in choral music sung in German, aiming to identify the effects of these choices on the expressivity of choral performance. My research uses mixed methods and techniques, which include bibliographical studies, case studies, interviews, score analyses, as well as recording analyses made with the software Sonic Visualiser. The first part presents the research\'s starting points, which refer to questions on choices in performance and on expressivity in performance. The second part presents the bibliographical studies, which include an analysis of writings about choral conducting and data collected in the interviews I did with six conductors. In this part I discuss German diction for singing, conductor\'s suggestions with respect to text diction (especially as regards the duration, the dynamic and the instant of articulation of vowels and consonants), the relationships between text articulation and musical articulation, and the expressive possibilities of diction. The third part presents the case studies, in which I analyse scores and recordings of choral works by J. S. Bach, F. Schubert and J. Brahms, and describe the effects of different choices related to diction. The fourth and last part compares data presented in the bibliographical studies and in the case studies. In this final part, I discuss the relationships between the recordings and the researched literature in terms of the interpretative choices regarding text diction, the influence of text articulation on musical articulation, and the role of diction in the expressivity of choral performance. Results suggest that in particular situations text diction can play a central role in performance expressivity, eventually being as significant as (or perhaps even more than) aspects more commonly analysed in researches, such as variations in tempo, portamento or vibrato. Finally, I suggest two elements concerning text diction that may contribute to an understanding of the experience of listening to an expressive performance: a sense that the musicians are part of the music, as well as a sense of being in the present moment.

By following a climate-friendly diet, consumers have the potential to reduce climate change. However, despite the growing awareness of the climate-friendly food options that are available, consumers still choose foods with a high carbon footprint. Following a survey design, this study aimed to determine the extent to which four psychological processes (denial, conflicting goals and aspirations, tokenism, and interpersonal influence) limit consumers’ climate-friendly food choices in South Africa. Data were collected from 151 participants using the Climate-friendly Food Choices Scale and the Psychological Barriers Scale. Regression analysis indicated that conflicting goals and aspirations and denial were the two main psychological barriers to climate-friendly food choices. Overall the barriers were negatively associated with climate-friendly food choices. Gender did not produce a significant effect in the study. Different age groups varied with regards to the extent to which they experienced the psychological barriers, but they did not differ significantly with regards to how often they made climate-friendly food choices. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)