In mammalian cells, homeostasis and fate during development relies on the proper transport of membrane-bound cargoes to their designated cellular locations. The hetero-tetrameric adaptor protein complexes (APs) are required for sorting and concentration of cargo at donor membranes, a crucial step during targeted transport. AP2, which functions at the plasma membrane during clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is well characterized. In contrast, AP1 a clathrin adaptor mediating the delivery of lysosomal hydrolases via mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) and AP3 an adaptor ensuring the proper targeting of lysosomal membrane protein are difficult to study by classic cell biology tools. To gain new insights on these APs, our lab has previously designed an in vitro system. Reconstituted liposomes were modified with small peptides mimicking the cytosolic domains of bona fide cargoes for AP1 and AP3 respectively and thereby enabling the selective recruitment of these APs and the identification of the interacting protein network. In the study at hand we utilize above-described liposomes to generate supported lipid bilayers and Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs), large-scale membrane systems suited for analysis by fluorescence microscopy. By using cytosol containing fluorescently-tagged subunits, we visualized clathrin coats on artificial membranes under near physiological conditions for the first time. Moreover, we demonstrated clathrin-independent recruitment of AP3 coats on respective GUVs. Presence of active ARF1 was sufficient for the selective assembly of AP1-dependent clathrin coats and AP3 coats on GUVs. By using dye-conjugated ARF1, we show that ARF1 colocalized with AP3 coats on GUVs and that increased association of ARF1 with GUVs coincided with AP1-dependent clathrin coats. Our previous study identified members of the septin family together with AP3 coats on liposomes. Here we show on GUVs, that active ARF1 stimulated the assembly of septin7 filaments, which may constrain the size and mobility of AP3 coats on the surface. Subsequent cell biology studies in HeLa cells linked septins to actin fibers on which they may control mobility of AP3-coated endosomes and thus their maturation. An actin nucleation complex, based on CYFIP1 was identified together with AP1 on liposomes before. Here we show on GUVs, that CYFIP1 is recruited on the surface surrounding clathrin coats. Upon supply of ATP, sustained actin polymerization generated a thick shell of actin on the GUV surface. The force generated by actin assembly lead to formation of long tubular protrusions, which projected from the GUV surface and were decorated with clathrin coats. Thereby the GUV model illustrated a possible mechanism for tubular carriers formation. The importance of CYFIP1-reliant actin polymerization for the generation of MPR-positive tubules at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of HeLa cells was subsequently demonstrated in our lab. The notion that tubulation of artificial membranes could be triggered by actin polymerization allowed us to perform a comparative mass spectrometry screen. By comparing the abundance of proteins on liposomes under conditions promoting or inhibiting actin polymerization, candidates possibly involved in stabilization, elongation or fission of membrane tubules could be identified. Among the proteins enriched under conditions promoting tubulation, we identified type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases. Their presence suggested an involvement of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in tubule formation. By cell biology studies in HeLa we show, that down regulation of these enzymes altered the dynamics of fluorescently-tagged MPRs, illustrating the importance of locally confined PI(4,5)P2 synthesis during formation of coated carriers at the TGN. Bin–Amphiphysin–Rvs (BAR) domains are known to sense membrane curvature and induce membrane tubulation. Among various BAR domain proteins, Arfaptin2 was enriched under conditions allowing tubulation of liposomes. By microscopy studies on HeLa cells we show, that Arfaptin2 as well as its close paralog Arfaptin1 were present on AP1-coated MPR tubules emerging from the TGN. We further show, that tubule fission occurred at regions were Arfaptin1 is concentrated and that simultaneous down regulation of both Arfaptins lead to increased number and length of MPR tubules. Since fission of coated transport intermediates at the TGN is poorly understood, our findings contribute a valuable component towards a model describing the entire biogenesis of coated post-Golgi carriers. In conclusion, combining artificial membrane systems and cell biology studies allowed us to propose new models for formation as wall as for fission of AP1-coated transport intermediates at the TGN. Further we gained new insights on AP3 coats and the possible involvement of septin filaments in AP3-dependent endosomal maturation.

This explorative study focuses on young, university attending males (22-27 years) and their understanding and pratice of the classic tail coat. It is based on five qvalitatively interpreted interwievs with a total of six participants, and through open questions regarding individuality and identicalness, limits and possibilities and inclusion and exclusion, a masculininty of a less contemporary hue takes shape. These conversations have revealed the tail coats potential of respresenting a male stereotype that can set a foundational and minimal standard for inclusion. Above this layer these males can then manifest and negotiate their masculine position in a homosocial hierarchy which decides the amount of passage, privilieges and confirmation of self- worth received for the wearer. These negotiation is performed by value bearing symbols (such as medallions, cordons and the like) allowed by the wearer and by the actions that systematically ensure that the lines of the tail coat are watched and unbroken. This is to preserve the priviliege of being allowed to deconstruct the unit of the tail coat, as this would be an absolute indication of achievement of the correct masculinity and the surrounding of the right spectators. The guarding of the tail coats limits lies within the tendencies of wanting to correct each other with feelings of either irritation or sympathy, a practice that seem rather unreflected by these men themselves. This pratice could be interpreted as a form of ”subjectfying” performed between these men, collectively and systematically (as well as unreflected) ensuring the image of masculinity remains unflawed. The tail coat allows the somewhat questioned homosociality to stay vital by forming a third gender sphere which is separated from the rules of the public (male) sphere and the private (female), but can still transcend and interact with these. In a society that porgressively have condemned the homosocial practice of men choosing and protecting other men in aspects regarding both work and domesticity, the third gender sphere becomes a sanctuary which can allow this structure to continue. However, these young men also experiences a duality, an awareness of the problems involved with gender exclusive contexts which could be a symptom of this homosocial sphere cracking in its surface. However, the overall experience of the tail coat and its connected contexts seems to be understood as fun and easy, neutral and uncomplicated, and the tail coat itself as an form of ”pavlovian conditioning” on the pleasantries connected to it.

During mammalian fertilization, the exposure of the inner acrosomal membrane (IAM) after acrosomal exocytosis is essential for the secondary binding between sperm and zona pellucida (ZP) of the oocyte, a prerequisite for sperm penetration through the ZP. The identification of the sperm protein(s) responsible for secondary binding has posed a challenge for researchers. We were able to isolate a sperm head fraction in which the IAM was exposed. Attached to the IAM was an electon dense layer, which we termed the IAM extracellular coat (IAMC). The IAMC was also observable in acrosome reacted sperm. High salt extraction removed the IAMC including a prominent 38 kDa polypeptide, referred to as IAM38. Antibodies raised against IAM38 confirmed its presence in the IAMC of intact, sonicated, and acrosome-reacted sperm. Sequencing of IAM38 revealed it as the ortholog of porcine SP38, a protein that was found to bind specifically to ZP2 but whose intra-acrosomal location was not known. We showed that IAM38 occupied the leading edge of sperm contact with the zona pellucida during fertilization, and that secondary binding and fertilization were inhibited in vitro by antibodies directed against IAM38. As for the mechanism of secondary sperm-zona binding by IAM38, we provided evidence that the synthetic peptide derived from the ZP2-binding motif of IAM38 had a competitive inhibitory effect on both sperm-zona binding and fertilization while its mutant form was ineffective. In summary, our study provides a novel approach to obtain direct information on the peripheral and integral protein composition of the IAM and consolidates IAM38 as a genuine secondary sperm-zona binding protein. In addition, our investigation also provides an ultrastructural description of the origin, expression and assembly of IAM38 during spermatogenesis. It shows that IAM38 is originally secreted by the Golgi apparatus as part of the dense contents of the proacrosomic granules but later, during acrosome capping phase of spermiogenesis, is redistributed to the inner periphery of the acrosomal membrane. This relocation occurs at the time of acrosomal compaction, an obligatory structural change that fails to occur in Zpbp1-/- knockout mice, which do not express IAM38 and are infertile. / Thesis (Ph.D, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2008-11-27 15:33:50.226

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-27T11:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Renata Cristina Alvares - 2015.pdf: 6545735 bytes, checksum: 57eee901abeda481f65a8b76157955fc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-27T12:04:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Renata Cristina Alvares - 2015.pdf: 6545735 bytes, checksum: 57eee901abeda481f65a8b76157955fc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T12:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Renata Cristina Alvares - 2015.pdf: 6545735 bytes, checksum: 57eee901abeda481f65a8b76157955fc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The breeding of common bean cultivars with Carioca grain, slow grain darken-ing, upright plant architecture, and high yield has become a growing challenge. Slow grain darkening will increase the storage time, providing flexibility for producers for the time of sale, and consequently increasing profitability. Studies have demonstrated the existence of genetic variability for this trait, allowing the selection of lines with slow grain darkening. The objectives of this study were i) to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of lines of four segregating common bean populations; ii) select those with slow grain darkening, upright plant architecture and high yield; iii) seek an association between slow darkening and cooking time of grains after storage; iv) evaluate two induction methods of grain dark-ening and v) validate the markers Pvsd-1158 and PVM02TC116, associated with grain darkening. The tested lines were derived from four segregating populations resulting from crosses between the cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola with slow grain darkening and the par-ents BRS Estilo, BRS Cometa, BRS Notável, and CNFC 10429. Three trials were installed with 220 lines (55 per population), and 5 parents in a 5x15 triple lattice design, with plots of two 3-m rows, at three locations. The experiments were conducted in the winter grow-ing season 2012, one in Santo Antônio de Goiás and two in Brasilia. The traits grain yield, plant architecture, grain darkening, 100-grain weight, and cooking time were evaluated. The variance components and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated, and the phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlation coefficients between grain darkening and cooking time, 90 and 180 days after harvest. Induction methods of accelerated and slow darkening were compared. From the markers Pvsd- 1158 and PVM02TC116, identi-fied as previously linked to the gene that controls grain darkening, the frequency of recom-bination and selection efficiency of the markers was estimated for each population and environment and in the mean of the environments. For slow grain darkening, the estimates of heritability, genetic variance and expected gain with selection were high, indicating good chances of successful selection. For yield, plant architecture and commercial grain size, the estimates of heritability and genetic variance were high, but indicated no high gains with simultaneous selection. Lines with slow grain darkening were obtained from the four populations; the highest number of lines that combined slow darkening with upright plant architecture, high yield, and commercial grain size were derived from the crosses BRSMG Madrepérola x BRS Estilo and BRSMG Madrepérola x BRS Cometa. No im-portant genetic correlation between grain darkening and cooking time was identified, there-fore, light-colored grains do not indicate a short cooking time. The induction methods of slow and accelerated darkening, provide similar information in the discrimination of lines with slow and regular darkening. The estimates of the recombination frequency for marker Pvsd-1158 were always low, indicating the close linkage of this marker to the gene that controls slow darkening, and were stable in the different environments and populations. Marker PVM02TC116 however was not polymorphic in three of the four populations. The recombination frequency of this marker in the polymorphic population was high, showing that it is unsuitable for marker-assisted selection for grain darkening. / A obtenção de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum de grãos carioca que associem escurecimento lento dos grãos, arquitetura ereta e alta produtividade é uma demanda cres-cente para os melhoristas. O escurecimento lento de grãos permitirá aumentar o tempo de armazenamento, proporcionando aos produtores flexibilidade no momento de venda e, consequentemente, maior lucratividade. Estudos têm demostrado a existência de variabili-dade genética para este caráter, possibilitando a seleção de linhagens com escurecimento lento de grãos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram i) estimar os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos de linhagens obtidas de quatro populações segregantes de feijoeiro-comum; ii) selecionar linhagens que associem escurecimento lento dos grãos, arquitetura de plantas ereta e alta produtividade; iii) verificar a existência de associação entre o escurecimento lento e o tempo de cocção dos grãos, após o armazenamento, iv) avaliar dois métodos de indução do escurecimento dos grãos; e v) validar os marcadores SSR Pvsd-1158 e PVM02TC116, associados ao escurecimento dos grãos. As linhagens avaliadas foram ori-undas de quatro populações segregantes, derivadas do cruzamento entre a cultivar de escu-recimento lento dos grãos BRSMG Madrepérola e os genitores BRS Estilo, BRS Cometa, BRS Notável e CNFC 10429. Foram instalados três ensaios com 220 linhagens, sendo 55 de cada população, e os cinco genitores, em delineamento experimental látice 15x15, com parcelas de duas linhas de três metros em três locais. Os experimentos foram realizados na safra de inverno/2012, sendo um em Santo Antônio de Goiás e outros dois em Brasília. Os caracteres avaliados foram produtividade de grãos, arquitetura de plantas, escurecimento de grãos, massa de cem grãos e tempo de cocção. Foram estimados componentes de vari-ância, parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos e coeficientes de correlação fenotípica, genética e ambiental entre o escurecimento de grãos e tempo de cocção aos 90 e aos 180 dias após a colheita. Foi realizada a comparação entre os métodos de indução de escurecimento acele-rado e prolongado. A partir dos marcadores Pvsd-1158 e PVM02TC116, identificados co-mo previamente ligados ao gene que controla o escurecimento dos grãos, estimou-se a fre-quência de recombinação e a eficiência de seleção dos marcadores para cada população em cada ambiente. Para escurecimento lento dos grãos as estimativas de herdabilidade, variân-cia genética e ganho esperado com a seleção foram elevadas, indicando boa possibilidade de sucesso com a seleção. Para produtividade, arquitetura de plantas e tamanho comercial dos grãos, as estimativas de herdabilidade e variância genética foram elevadas, no entanto, não evidenciou altos ganhos com a seleção simultânea. As quatro populações possibilitaram a obtenção de linhagens com escurecimento lento dos grãos, sendo BRSMG Madrepé-rola x BRS Estilo e BRSMG Madrepérola x BRS Cometa as que forneceram maior número de linhagens que associaram o escurecimento lento com arquitetura ereta, alta produtivida-de e tamanho comercial de grãos. Não foi identificada correlação genética importante entre o escurecimento e tempo de cocção dos grãos, portanto, grãos claros não são indicativo de baixo tempo de cocção. Os métodos de indução ao escurecimento, prolongado e acelerado, permitem discriminar as linhagens que possuem escurecimento lento e normal e fornecem informações semelhantes. As estimativas de frequência de recombinação para o marcador Pvsd- 1158 foram sempre baixas, indicando que o marcador é intimamente ligado ao gene que controla escurecimento lento, sendo estável nos diferentes ambientes e populações. Já o marcador PVM02TC116 não se mostrou polimórfico em três das quatro populações, para a população polimórfica, apresentou elevada frequência de recombinação, sendo, pois, inadequado para utilização da seleção assistida para escurecimento dos grãos.

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial apresenta controle insatisfatório em todo o mundo, fazendo-se necessária a busca de estratégias que incrementem seu controle. Neste contexto inserem-se a educação em saúde e a medida residencial da pressão arterial. Objetivos: Identificar o controle da hipertensão arterial em Unidades Básicas de Saúde antes e após implementação de programa educativo aos hipertensos; comparar o controle obtido pela medida casual com o controle pela medida residencial; e associar o controle com as demais variáveis do estudo. Casuística e Método: O estudo foi realizado com hipertensos de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da região oeste da cidade de São Paulo divididos em dois grupos, um que participou de programa educativo em hipertensão (grupo I) e outro que não participou (grupo II). A pressão arterial foi verificada antes e depois do programa educativo na unidade de saúde por enfermeiro e na residência pelo próprio paciente. Utilizou-se para medida da pressão arterial aparelho automático validado (OMROM-HEM 705 CP). O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados: Foram estudados 82 hipertensos com as seguintes características: sexo feminino (56,1%), cor branca (63,0%), com companheiro (68,0%), com ensino fundamental (70,7%), com renda familiar até 3 salários mínimos (56,1%) idade de 60,0±10,8 anos, índice de massa corporal (IMC) 29,4±5,4 Kg/m2 e circunferência da cintura 99,9±13,9 cm. Eram tabagistas 8,5% dos hipertensos, 24,4% consumiam bebida alcoólica, 40,7% foram considerados \"com presença\" de transtornos mentais comuns e 30,4% praticavam exercícios físicos. Quanto a atitudes frente ao tratamento 76,9 % relataram ter o hábito de medir a pressão, 74,4% afirmaram não interromper o tratamento e 75,6% referiram não faltar às consultas médicas. Foram classificados como não aderentes, pelo Teste de Morisky e Green 69,3% da amostra e 29,9% apresentaram moderada ou muita dificuldade de aderir ao tratamento. A MRPA dos pacientes que participaram do programa educativo (grupo I) apresentou significativo decréscimo ao término das intervenções (131,4±15,6 vs 127,3±17,4 para pressão sistólica; 79,2±12,2 vs 74,7±9,7 para pressão diastólica, p<0,05). O controle da pressão arterial aumentou nos dois grupos do estudo pela medida realizada na unidade de saúde (62,0% vs 71,0%, para grupo I e 40,0% vs 50,0% para grupo II). O controle pela medida da pressão na unidade de saúde foi similar ao controle residencial para hipertensos do grupo I (71,0% vs 68,3%) e menor do que o residencial para hipertensos do grupo II (50,0% vs 62,5%). O controle da pressão arterial avaliado na unidade de saúde se associou (p<0,05) com sexo feminino, renda salarial acima de três salários e prática de exercício físico. Valores mais elevadas da MRPA se associaram com menor renda salarial, presença de transtornos mentais comuns, não interrupção do tratamento, e moderada ou muita dificuldade de aderir ao tratamento. O efeito do avental branco foi mais expressivo nos pacientes que não participaram das intervenções educativas. Conclusão: O controle da pressão arterial aumentou após programa educativo para hipertensos e a MRPA pode ser usada para essa avaliação. A influência do observador foi mais expressiva em hipertensos do grupo II, em que não houve interação profissional-paciente / Introduction: The hypertension presents unsatisfactory control in the whole world, becoming necessary the search of strategies that develop its control. In this context it insert health education and home blood pressure measurement. Objectives: To identify the control of hypertension in Health Basic Units before and after implementation of educative program to hypertensive patients; to compare the control gotten for the casual measurement with the control for the home measurement; to associate the control with the variables studied. Material and Method: The study was carried out with patients of two Health Basic Units of the city of São Paulo divided in two groups, one that participated of educative program in hypertension (group I) and another who did not participate (group II). The blood pressure was measured before and after the educative program in the health unit for nurse and at home for the own patient. Validated automatic device was used for measuring blood pressure (OMROM-HEM 705 CP). The significant level adopted 0,05. Results: 82 patients with the following characteristics had been studied: feminine sex (56.1%), white (63.0%), married (68.0%), with primary school level (70.7%), with familiar income until 3 minimum wages (56.1%) age of 60,0±10,8 years, index body mass of 29,4±5,4 Kg/m2 and waist circumference of 99,9±13,9 cm. 8.5% were smokers, 24.4% alcohol consumers , 40.7% had been considered \"with presence\" of common mental disturbs and 30.4% practiced physical exercises. About the attitudes face to treatment 76.9% had told to have the habit to measure the pressure, 74.4% had affirmed not to interrupt the treatment and 75.6% had related not to absent to the medical visits. They had been classified as not adherent, by the Test of Morisky and Green, 69.3% of sample and 29.9% had presented moderate or much difficulty to adhere to the treatment. The HBPM of the patients who had participated of the educative program (group I) presented significant decrease to the ending of the interventions (131,4±15,6 versus 127,3±17,4 for systolic pressure; 79,2±12,2 vs 74,7±9,7 for diastolic pressure, p< 0,05). The control of blood pressure increased in the two groups of the study by measurement carried through in the health unit (62.0% vs 71.0%, for group I and 40.0% vs 50.0% for group II). The control by pressure measurement in the health unit was similar to the home control for patients of group I (71.0% versus 68.3%) and minor of home one for patients of group II (50.0% versus 62.5%). The control of the blood pressure evaluated in the health unit was associated (p< 0,05) with feminine sex, wage income above of three salaries and pratice of physical exercise. Higher values of HBPM was associated with minor wage income, presence of common mental disturbs, interruption of the treatment, and moderate or much difficulty to adhering to the treatment. The effect of the white coat was bigger in the patients who had not participated of the educative interventions. Conclusion: Hypertensive control increased after educative program for hypertensive patients and HBPM can be used for this evaluation. The influence of the observer was more intense for patients of group II, which did not have interaction professional-patient

As alterações vasculares são complicações clínicas secundárias a elevação da pressão arterial que podem comprometer a capacidade funcional e aumentar o risco de mortalidade. Um instrumento utilizado como marcador de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica que vem merecendo amplo interesse clínico e científico é o Índice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB). Segundo diretrizes para a prática clínica, valores de ITB <=0,9 ou >=1,3 são considerados patológicos e associados a uma alta incidência de morbimortalidade cardiovascular. Este estudo descritivo e de corte transversal teve por objetivo identificar o risco cardiovascular em hipertensos do avental branco por meio da determinação do ITB com uso de esfigmomanômetros oscilométricos automáticos. Foi desenvolvido em um município localizado ao Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, no período de agosto de 2010 a junho de 2011. Os participantes foram divididos em normotensos, hipertensos e hipertensos do avental branco, classificados de acordo com o diagnóstico médico e resultado da Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA). As variáveis investigadas foram: idade, cor da pele, situação familiar conjugal, naturalidade, índice de escolaridade, profissão, peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal, pressão arterial em braços e tornozelos e ITB. O cálculo do ITB foi realizado pela relação da maior pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) da artéria tibial posterior com a maior pressão sistólica das artérias braquiais. As análises descritivas foram realizadas por meio do pacote estatístico StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences - SPSS, versão 15.0. Utilizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas e teste Tukey para comparações múltiplas das médias. O grau de relação linear nos escores de PAS e ITB foi verificado mediante a utilização do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados foram expressos como médias ± erros padrões das médias (EPM), e as diferenças consideradas estatisticamente significantes para p<0,05. Participaram do estudo 135 indivíduos, sendo 37% normotensos, 37% hipertensos e 26% hipertensos do avental branco. Em todos os grupos, a maioria dos participantes é do sexo feminino, de cor branca, vive com o cônjuge, é natural do estado de São Paulo, exerce atividades domésticas e tem ensino fundamental incompleto. Hipertensos do avental branco apresentam risco intermediário na análise de todas as variáveis clínicas estudadas. Apesar de não ter sido encontrada diferença significante na análise dos valores de ITB na comparação dos grupos, alterações compatíveis com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica e calcificação arterial foram observadas somente nos grupos hipertensão e hipertensão do avental branco. A análise do ITB de menor valor mostrou que 10% dos hipertensos e 5,7% dos hipertensos do avental branco apresentaram ITB<=0,9 e 6% dos hipertensos e 11,4% dos hipertensos do avental branco apresentaram ITB>1,3. Há correlação negativa entre os valores de PAS e ITB nos grupos hipertensão e hipertensão do avental branco. Estes achados remetem à premissa de que a hipertensão do avental branco não deve ser compreendida como uma condição benigna, sendo caracterizada por um quadro clínico que pode evoluir para hipertensão arterial estabelecida. A mensuração do ITB merece importância na abordagem clínica dos pacientes, devendo constituir um instrumento de avaliação do risco cardiovascular valorizado pelos profissionais na rotina dos serviços de saúde. / The vascular changes are secondary clinical complications of high blood pressure which can compromise the functional capacity and increase the risk of mortality. The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is an instrument used as a marker of peripheral occlusive arterial disease which has attracted broad scientific and clinical interest. According to guidelines for clinical practice, ABI values <=0.9 or >=1.3 are considered pathological and associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk in white coat hypertension by determining the ABI through the use of automatic oscillometric sphygmomanometers. The study was performed in a municipality located in the northeastern of the state of São Paulo, from August 2010 to June 2011. Participants were divided into normotensive, hypertensive, and white coat hypertensive subjects, classified according to the medical diagnosis and outcome of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). The variables investigated were: age, color of skin, marital family situation, nationality, level of education, occupation, weight, height, waist circumference, ankle-brachial blood pressure and ABI. The calculation of ABI was performed by the ratio between the higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the posterior tibial artery and the highest systolic brachial artery. Descriptive analyzes were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistical Package - SPSS, version 15.0. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for repeated measures and Tukey test for multiple comparisons of means. The degree of linear relationship in the scores of SBP and ABI was verified by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were expressed as means ± standard errors of the mean (SEM), and the differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. The study included 135 subjects, 37% normotensive, 37% hypertensive and 26% white coat hypertensive subjects. In all groups, most participants are female, white, live with the spouse, from the state of São Paulo, housewives and have incomplete elementary education. White coat hypertensive subjects have intermediate risk in the analysis of all clinical variables studied. Although no significant difference was found in the analysis of ABI values in the comparison of groups, changes consistent with peripheral occlusive arterial disease and arterial calcification was observed only in the groups with hypertensive and white coat hypertensive subjects. The analysis of the lower ABI value showed that 10% of hypertensive subjects and 5.7% of white- coat hypertensive subjects had ABI<=0.9 and 6% of hypertensive subjects and 11.4% of white-coat hypertensive subjects had ABI>1.3 . There is a negative correlation between SBP and ABI in the groups of hypertensive and white coat hypertensive subjects. These findings relate to the premise that white coat hypertension should not be understood as a benign condition, being characterized by a clinical condition that can lead to established hypertension. The measurement of ABI deserves importance in clinical management of patients and should be a tool for assessing cardiovascular risk valued by professionals in the routine of health services.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_liliane_mertz.pdf: 5055852 bytes, checksum: b6922bc49af5dfa5f81f10ad3f997443 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-22 / Some works have reported the existence of contrasting soybean genotypes for physiological quality of seeds. There are such differences because of the presence of seeds with total or partial impermeability for water absorption into the coat that make them less susceptible to mechanical damages, weather adversities, deterioration by humidity and pathogen occurrence. The characteristic of semi-permeable coat can be used in programs of soybean crop breeding to be incorporated in genotypes of high production, aiming at the physiologic quality of the seed. The objectives of this study were: Identify structural differences among the coat of the genotypes CD-202 (permeable) and TP (semi-permeable); obtain fragments of genes distinguishingly expressed among the coat of those genotypes; characterize the physiological quality of soybean seeds produced. Morphologic characterization of the coats was carried out by optic microscope BX 51 with increase of 40x. In order to obtain the fragments of genes distinguishingly expressed among the coats of the two genotypes, the technique cDNA AFLP was used. The physiological quality of the seeds was obtained by germination tests and vigour (accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity). Besides, structural differences were observed among the coats of the two genotypes, however, the genotype TP presented higher thickness in the layers of the epidermis and hypodermis of the coat in relation to the genotype CD 202, beside differences in the format and organization of the cells. Regarding the molecular genetic studies, 47 fragments distinguishingly expressed in the coats in the formation of genotypes CD - 202 and TP, were identified. In agreement with the results, soybean seeds with semi-permeable coat presented better physiological quality in relation to the seeds with permeable coat. / Alguns trabalhos têm evidenciado a existência de genótipos de soja contrastantes para qualidade fisiológica de semente. Tais diferenças podem existir em virtude da presença de sementes com total ou parcial impermeabilidade à penetração de água no tegumento, o que as tornam menos susceptíveis aos danos mecânicos, as adversidades climáticas e a deterioração por umidade. A característica de tegumento semi-permeável pode ser utilizada nos programas de melhoramento de soja para ser incorporada às cultivares de alta produção visando à qualidade fisiológica da semente. Diante do exposto, os objetivos desse estudo foram: identificar diferenças estruturais entre os tegumentos de sementes de soja dos genótipos CD-202 (tegumento permeável) e TP (tegumento semi-permeável); obter fragmentos de genes diferencialmente expressos entre os tegumentos dos dois genótipos; avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. A caracterização morfológica dos tegumentos foi realizada através de avaliações em microscópio ótico BX 51 com aumento de 40x. Para obtenção dos fragmentos de genes diferencialmente expressos entre os tegumentos dos dois genótipos, utilizou-se a técnica cDNA AFLP. A avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi através dos testes de germinação e vigor (condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado). Na avaliação morfológica, foram observadas diferenças estruturais entre os tegumentos de semente dos dois genótipos, sendo que, os tegumentos do genótipo TP, apresentaram maior espessura nas camadas da epiderme e hipoderme, além de outras diferenças no formato e organização das células. Com relação aos estudos genéticos moleculares, foram identificados 47 fragmentos de genes diferencialmente expressos entre os tegumentos dos dois genótipos. Na avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, o genótipo TP apresentou qualidade fisiológica superior em relação ao genótipo CD-202.

Starch in paper coatings is known to increase the risk of print mottle in lithographic offset printing. The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of this behaviour. Four phenomena that could lead to print mottle, where the presence of starch might be important, have been identified: uneven binder migration, uneven coating mass distribution, uneven deformation during calendering and differential shrinkage. The latter three were investigated in this project. Starch-containing coating colours often have high water retention. A relationship between the water retention of the coating colours and the distribution of coating thickness was found in a pilot trial. A theory is proposed, where the surface profile of the base paper beneath the blade, that governs the coat weight distribution in blade coating, is affected by moisture from the dewatering coating colours and the compressive force exerted by the blade. Drying strategies were studied to see whether they would induce porosity variations in the coating layers. There is a strong connection between the rate of evaporation and the shrinkage of the coating layer, but no porosity variations due to the choice of drying strategy were found. Shrinkage is governed by the capillary forces. At the same capillary pressure, the coating shrinks more for some binder systems, which is suggested to be due to a weaker chemical interaction between the binder and the pigment. Oxidized starch/latex coatings, stained with a fluorescent marker, had a greater standard deviation in fluorescence intensity than CMC/latex coatings caused by a difference in either porosity or latex distribution. It was shown that calendering introduces porosity variations into the coating layer that are larger for starch-containing coatings. The drying strategies appeared to have a significant effect on these porosity variations and they correlated positively with print mottle in some cases and in another case negatively. In the case of the negatively correlated, the mottle was probably caused by variations in surface porosity existing prior to the calendering.

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