In the emerging knowledge economy, scientific pursuit in the form of international collaboration has escalated. Studies consistently report that such collaboration, which has been intensifying in the last several decades, is common among not only advanced economies but also in emerging scientific nations such as China, India, and Brazil. The emergence of a "new invisible college" of international knowledge exchange has aroused interest from social scientists and captured the attention of policymakers. Indeed, recognizing its importance as a means of monitoring and exploiting other countries' R&D investment, more and more countries champion and participate in international joint research. International collaboration between the United States (US) and China is particularly interesting. The US has been and will continue to be the leader in scientific development for the foreseeable future. However, as a rising scientific power, China is changing the global landscape of ideas and innovation along with other emerging countries. The growing significance of the US-China relationship and worldwide interest in China's development suggest that the characteristics of the scientific collaboration of these two countries and its associated knowledge dissemination across national borders are timely topics to study. Surprisingly, few studies have examined research collaboration between a scientific superpower and an emerging scientific power, particularly in the context of emerging state-of-the-art technology. This dissertation seeks to address this research gap by examining patterns of collaboration in the US-China scientific community and its impact on China's rapid knowledge accumulation in nanotechnology, if any, through Chinese knowledge moderators (CKMs)--Chinese scholars who bridge two otherwise distant scientific communities through intensive collaboration with both sides. The research focuses on the following three aspects: firstly, built upon the notions of the boundary spanner and the structural hole, the study develops the concept of Chinese knowledge moderators and uses it as an instrument to examine the relationship between international collaboration and knowledge spillover across national boundaries. Secondly, it operationalizes and tests the impact of US-China collaboration using multiple methods. In addition to citation-based indicators, based on the turnover of nanotechnology keywords, the study investigates the impact of collaborating with US scholars on CKMs' research trajectory and the international knowledge spillover facilitated by CKMs. Thirdly, utilizing a longitudinal publication dataset of 77 CKMs and their CV data, this study is able to quantify the dynamic impact of US collaboration on the quality of CKMs' research over time. The combination of bibliometric analyses, empirical testing, and case studies allows for the development of a comprehensive blueprint of US-China scientific collaboration in the field of nanotechnology. This research yields several significant findings. First, the evolution of US-China collaboration in nanotechnology has gone beyond quantitative growth, as qualitative and structural changes have begun to take place. Secondly, CKMs play a critical role in fostering China's nanotechnology development, manifested in both knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion. The present study also reveals that US-China collaboration has a diminishing effect over time on the research quality of CKMs at level of individual papers, but as pertaining to entire journals. Thirdly, the case studies on the evolution of research streams suggest that US-China collaboration influences the research trajectory of CKMs, who, as the conduits of knowledge, further disseminate it within the national boundaries of China. The research also has policy implications for both sides. Chinese policy makers need to strengthen the mechanisms that encourage CKMs collaborating with the US, and, in order to amplify international knowledge spillover, these mechanisms should further encourage more interactions between CKMs and their Chinese domestic colleagues. From the US American perspective, given China's scientific emergence in nanotechnology, the US should direct its efforts to ensuring its ample access to exploiting the heavy R&D investment of this emerging scientific powerhouse by collaborating with top Chinese scientists.

Building on Donald and Patricia Stewarts' The Life and Legacy of Fred Newton Scott (1997), this dissertation addresses aspects of Scott's life which have been ignored or left underdeveloped in the work of composition historians, including Scott's early education at the Indiana State Normal School and at Battle Creek College, along with his personal, academic and professional relationships with Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, John Dewey, and Joseph Villiers Denney. This examination, providing a more precise knowledge of Scott's academic and professional life, clarifies the significance and originality of Scott's contributions to the discipline.At the Indiana State Normal School, Scott was exposed to an innovative adaptation of Pestalozzian and Herbartian educational philosophies. The philosophy and methodologies employed at the school likely influenced Scott's thinking about teacher training, while encouraging his adaptation of psychology in the teaching of English.Scott again was exposed to a reform-minded educational agenda at Battle Creek College. There, Scott encountered an holistic educational program that sought to improve the intellectual, physical, and spiritual components of students' lives.Through his long friendship with Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, Scott gained an intimate knowledge of the medical profession, an awareness Scott utilized in his own writing about understanding student errors in composition. Scott's academic and professional relationship with John Dewey at the University of Michigan demonstrates their multiple shared interests and activities. The Thought News newspaper project illustrates their attempt to implement philosophy into practical arenas. Their working relationship, as well as Scott's educational background at the Indiana State Normal School and at Battle Creek College, suggests that Dewey has been erroneously viewed as the source of Scott's innovative approach to composition.Finally, Scott's collaborative relationship with Joseph Villiers Denney, the writer with whom Scott wrote his most popular textbooks, illustrates the importance Scott placed on collaboration as well as the competence of those with whom he collaborated. Denney's own scholarly work in composition demonstrates his originality and resourcefulness as an equal partner in their collaborations. / Department of English

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sloan School of Management, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-293).

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The problem that most, if not all, large companies deal with in one way or another, is to stay relevant and competitive as their industry evolves. They need to keep improving their current services or products but still need to keep their eyes open for disruption. This requires them to make long-term investments in research and development, which does not always result in a quick return. To stay relevant, corporations need to increase corporate innovation. Research on collaboration between startups and corporations has grown substantially in recent years, but there is a gap in academic literature focusing on the barriers of these collaborations. This qualitative study focuses on what perspective Icelandic corporate managers have towards collaborating with startups as part of their corporate innovation. To accomplish that, eight semi- structured interviews with top-level managers from large corporations were conducted. It was clear that all interviewees were very positive about collaborating with startups even though most of them had little or no experience from doing so themselves. Icelandic companies seem to be reluctant to invest the required time and resources it takes for these collaborations to be successful because of the lack of successful examples in Iceland so far. This research only looked at the barriers and benefits from the perspective of top-level managers in large corporations but future research could include the perspective of startups as well.

Teacher collaboration is being implemented in many schools for a number of reasons with various claimed benefits. Collaboration is being heralded by many as a fix for many of the problems affecting teachers. This study shows that teachers believe that collaboration improves their ability to teach subject content, improves teaching methods, improves teacher's ability to manage students, and provides benefits to teachers in general. The majority of participants in this survey, whether currently participating in collaboration or not, indicated that they agree that collaboration provides these benefits. This study also examines four potential indicators of teacher attrition: administrative support, teacher salaries, excitement and enthusiasm toward teaching, and intent to stay in the teaching profession. The data showed that the effect of participation in collaboration has a slight positive effect on the indicators of potential attrition but not a statistically significant influence. Low teacher salaries remain a major area of frustration for the majority of teachers and should be further examined as a contributor to teacher attrition. Teacher attrition is a problem that must be addressed if a solution to the current and future teacher shortage is to be found. Further studies need to be conducted into this critical issue to determine the causes of this problem and find solutions.

Subject collaboration is a working method for teachers that is stated in the school's governing documents. The study has aimed to put subject collaboration with religious education in a context and investigate what subject collaboration looks like in practice, as well as some underlying factors that enable subject cooperation. The goal is to be able to identify keys that can contribute to increasing knowledge about subject collaboration regarding religious education. To study subject collaboration and its key factors, the study includes a qualitative and quantitative survey conducted in two municipalities. In the background, the reader is given a historical curriculum overview starting in Lgr62 and reaching to the current Lgr22. The overview shows that the presentation of policy documents concerning subject collaboration has changed over time. Previous research has highlighted the subject based on different aspects such as the opportunities and difficulties collaboration between subjects can entail, and external factors that can counteract or promote subject collaboration. The theoretical framework for the study is based on social and group psychological theories and concepts. The theoretical starting points for understanding and discussing subject collaboration are: social cognitive theory; social exchange theory; individual and group; cooperation and competition; goals and motivation. The theories are used to shape the starting point for the interpretation that is then made of the empirical evidence. Some key concepts used in the work are subject collaboration and key factors. The results show that the correspondents have a positive attitude towards subject collaboration, but besides the promising approach, collaboration generally takes place to a low extent, regardless of subject. The correspondents consider both the management and themselves to be ultimately responsible for the practice of subject collaboration. The results show that there are key factors. These factors both inhibit but also enable subject collaboration with religious education. These key factors have been categorized in three themes: attitude, organization and knowledge.

Varför är det så svårt att samverka när det egentligen är ganska lätt? Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap kring samverkan i relation till förväntan på skolsköterskan i kommunal verksamhet. Granskning av samverkansdokument på nationell-, kommunal samt yrkespecifiknivå analyserades. I Sverige har samverkan inom elevhälsans medicinska insats lyfts fram som en viktig faktor för att stärka elevhälsan och förbättra elevernas förutsättningar att nå sin fulla potential. Därför är det viktigt att förbättra samverkan mellan olika yrkesgrupper och samverkansparter. En av de främsta fördelarna med samverkan är att den kan leda till en helhetsbild av elevens hälsa och välbefinnande. Samverkan kan också leda till att eleverna får rätt stöd och insatser i rätt tid, vilket kan vara avgörande för att främja deras hälsa, välbefinnande och skolresultat. Studiens resultat visar enhetligt på flera framgångsfaktorer för en god och effektiv samverkan. / Why is it so difficult to collaborate when it is actually seen as quite easy?   The objective of this study is to contribute knowledge about collaboration in relation to the expectations placed on the school nurse in municipal operations. Examination of collaboration documents at the national, municipal, and professional levels was analysed.   In Sweden, collaboration within the medical intervention of student health has been emphasised as an important factor in strengthening student health and improving students' ability to reach their full potential. Therefore, it is important to improve collaboration among different professional groups and collaboration partners. One of the main advantages of collaboration is that it can provide a comprehensive understanding of students' health and well-being. Collaboration can also ensure that students receive the right support and interventions at the right time, which can be crucial in promoting their health, well-being, and academic performance.   The results of the study consistently demonstrate several success factors for effective collaboration.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / John W. Keller / The aging demographic of the United States is growing at an alarming rate. Each day, there are more than 10,000 people turning 65 years old. The majority of these individuals prefer to live in their home, called aging in place. Aging in place requires the resident to be relatively independent and capable of accessing necessary services. The emergent demographic shift will compel every community across the country to focus community planning efforts toward older adults. The amenities and structures in a community are, most of the time, not favorable for the older demographic. People in their later years develop various medical and physical conditions and subsequently, find difficulty when adapting to the environment. These individuals definitely need extra care and consideration from all sectors of the community. Creating an environment that promotes aging in place for older adults is confronted with multiple barriers that a community must work past.