Den tekniska utvecklingen har möjliggjort ett mer uppkopplat samhälle genom enklare informationstillgång och mer avancerad informationshantering. Den här framfarten har legat till grund för utveckling av samlingsbegreppet Internet of Things, där automatiserade datainsamlingssystem är betydande för insamling av mer kvantitativa datamängder. Detta har lett till att företag inom flera olika industrier har integrerat tekniken i delar av verksamheten för att samla in en betydande datamängd i syfte att utveckla och förbättra de egna processerna. Intresset och framförallt behovet av den här typen av teknologi finns inom byggindustrin. För ett byggföretag som vill arbeta med digitala lösningar i deras arbete gäller att skapa förståelse för varför den typen av lösning ska användas och hur den kan nyttjas på bästa sätt. Vid implementering och anpassning av en ny teknik är det nödvändigt för företag att identifiera vilka möjligheter och hinder som kan uppstå. Därav är syftet med studien att undersöka möjligheten att samla in realtidsdata genom en automatiserad insamlingsprocess i produktionsfasen hos ett byggföretag. Vidare undersöks hur processen bidrar till kvalitetssäkring och ständiga förbättringar i byggprojekten. Detta för att skapa medvetenhet hos byggföretag om en ny teknik som kan underlätta deras arbete och hindra uppkomst av problem. En fallstudie har genomförts hos byggföretaget JM AB som har en lång erfarenhet av byggprocesser och byggprojekt. För att skapa förståelse kring studiens ämne och slutsatser har en en teoretisk referensram innehållandes teorier om bland annat kvalitetssäkring och datainsamling byggts upp. Genom tio intervjuer med anställda av olika befattningar, två observationer på ett av fallföretagets byggprojekt och en intervju med ett externt företag sammanställdes en empirisk undersökning. På så sätt erhölls insikt i hur fallföretaget arbetar med datainsamlingsprocesser och vilka tekniker som finns på marknaden. Genom analys av fallstudien framkom det tydligt att fallföretaget inte har välutarbetade datainsamlingsprocesser inom flera områden i byggproduktionen. En viktig slutsats i studien är att användandet av ett processinnovationsramverk kan skapa förutsättningar för en effektiv och automatiserad datainsamlingsprocess. Ramverket ger stöd till huruvida en automatisk datainsamlingsprocess är lönsamt samt skapar förståelse kring processen innan den är redo att implementeras. Dessutom möjliggör en automatiserad datainsamlingsprocess kvalitetsförbättringar med hjälp av ett kvalitetskontrollramverk som kan öka kvaliteten genom att reducera problem och lösa dem fortare. Kvalitetskontrollerna blir systematiska och utifrån genererad data kan jämförelser göras för att identifiera defekter så att arbete mot snabbare handlingsåtgärder kan skapas. Utifrån slutsatserna har fyra rekommendationer tagits fram, den första är att använda processinnovationsramverk vid undersökning av en ny automateringsprocess. Den andra är att testa automatiserade datainsamlingsprocesser i mindre projekt för att erhålla ökad förståelse. Den tredje är att systematiskt arbeta med ett kvalitetskontrollramverk utifrån genererad data. Den sista rekommendationen är att använda insamlad data till faktabaserade beslut och sträva mot ständiga förbättringar. / Technological developments have enabled a more connected society with easier access to information that creates opportunities for more advanced information management. This has been the basis for development of the generic term Internet of Things, where automated data collection systems are significant for the collection of quantitative data set. Companies in various industries are embracing the integration of this type of technology in their businesses to generate data that is possessed to improve their processes. The interest and especially the need for this type of technology is huge in the construction industry.   For construction companies that wants to work with digital solutions, it is important to create an understanding of why this type of solution is to be used and how it best can be utilized. In implementation and adaption of a new technology, it is necessary for companies to identify the opportunities and obstacles that may arise. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of collecting real-time data through an automated collection process in the production phase at a construction company, and how it contributes to quality assurance and continuous improvement in construction projects. In this way, awareness among construction companies of a new technique can facilitate their work and prevent upcoming problems. A case study has been carried out at the construction company JM AB who has a long experience of construction processes. To create an understanding about the study topic and conclusions, a theoretical framework was compiled including theories about quality assurance and data collection. Through ten interviews with employees of different positions, two observations at one of the case company’s construction projects and one interview with an external company, an empirical study was compiled. In this way, insights were obtained into how the case company is working with data collection processes and what techniques that are available on the market. Through analysis of the case study, it crearly appeared that the case company does not have well-developed data collection processes in several areas of the building production. One important conclusion of the study is that the use of a process innovation framework can create conditions for an efficient and automated data collection process. The framework supports whether an automated data collection process is profitable and it creates an understanding of the process prior of its implementation. Another important conclusion is that an automated data collection process allows quality improvements through the help of a quality control framework that can increase the quality by reducing problems and solving them faster. Hence, quality controls become systematic and based on generated data, comparisons can be made to identify defects in order to work systematically toward faster action measures. Based on the findings, four recommendations were developed. The first one is to use process innovation framework for the examination of a new automatic process. The second is to test automated data collection processes into smaller projects to obtain greater understanding. The third is to work systematically on a quality control framework based on generated data. The last recommendation is to use the collected data for fact-based decisions and to strive for continuous improvement.

While the cumulative history of the early church paints a trajectory towards a strict form of vertical, hierarchical leadership, at least five patterns of shared leadership emerge throughout the Apostolic Fathers that make the case for the presence of a form, proto or otherwise, of shared leadership in the early church. In light of the literature base, the study presents shared leadership in terms of nine seminal aspects. With these seminal aspects as a foundation, the study employs a directed content analysis and a structured matrix to analyze Michael W. Holmes' Apostolic Fathers, 3rd ed. for five patterns of shared leadership. By exposing five patterns of shared leadership that emerge in the corpus of the Apostolic Fathers the study extends the field of shared leadership through the in-depth analysis of an organization's historical practices and expands the modern church's understanding of the roots of its leadership practices and structures.

Social networks have integrated into people’s daily lives and they became a powerful medium for effective marketing and communication worldwide. Problem raise when governments and special agencies violate users’ information privacy under the pretext of protecting national security or something as, furthermore, when information became the source of income for social networks it became necessary to investigate users concerns about informational privacy on social platforms, if there are. The main purpose of the thesis is to understand what level of privacy awareness users on social networks have and how much relevant knowledge about surveillance on social networks they recognize. Moreover, the thesis aims to present users’ opinion about surveillance on Facebook and if they accept to be surveyed in certain scenarios. As results, the study has identified ambiguity in Facebook terms and data policy, while there has been clarity that Facebook applies massive surveillance in terms of data collection on all users on the network. 71% of the participants had concerns about their privacy on social networks, two-thirds of the participants didn’t read Facebook terms and 76% did believe that social networks sell users information for own benefits. The majority of the interview participants showed lack of knowledge about data collection on social networks, and didn’t know if governments do surveillance on social platforms or not. However, 37% of the survey participants claimed that they have nothing to hide and governments can look into their activities online, and almost similar percentage supported such an action. Further, most of the interview participants protect their informational privacy on social networks by having good privacy settings, controlling who have access to certain posts or managing friends list. However, 1/3 of the participants who had good privacy settings didn’t know all their friends on FB. Through personal observations on data analysis and literature review, I concluded the thesis with some suggestions of possible approaches to enhance information privacy, these recommendations present my own thoughts and weren’t derived in academic way rather personal notes during the thesis study.

Résumé : Les performances de détecteurs à scintillation, composés d’un cristal scintillateur couplé à un photodétecteur, dépendent de façon critique de l’efficacité de la collecte et de l’extraction des photons de scintillation du cristal vers le capteur. Dans les systèmes d’imagerie hautement pixellisés (e.g. TEP, TDM), les scintillateurs doivent être arrangés en matrices compactes avec des facteurs de forme défavorables pour le transport des photons, au détriment des performances du détecteur. Le but du projet est d’optimiser les performances de ces détecteurs pixels par l'identification des sources de pertes de lumière liées aux caractéristiques spectrales, spatiales et angulaires des photons de scintillation incidents sur les faces des scintillateurs. De telles informations acquises par simulation Monte Carlo permettent une pondération adéquate pour l'évaluation de gains atteignables par des méthodes de structuration du scintillateur visant à une extraction de lumière améliorée vers le photodétecteur. Un plan factoriel a permis d'évaluer la magnitude de paramètres affectant la collecte de lumière, notamment l'absorption des matériaux adhésifs assurant l'intégrité matricielle des cristaux ainsi que la performance optique de réflecteurs, tous deux ayant un impact considérable sur le rendement lumineux. D'ailleurs, un réflecteur abondamment utilisé en raison de ses performances optiques exceptionnelles a été caractérisé dans des conditions davantage réalistes par rapport à une immersion dans l'air, où sa réflectivité est toujours rapportée. Une importante perte de réflectivité lorsqu'il est inséré au sein de matrices de scintillateurs a été mise en évidence par simulations puis confirmée expérimentalement. Ceci explique donc les hauts taux de diaphonie observés en plus d'ouvrir la voie à des méthodes d'assemblage en matrices limitant ou tirant profit, selon les applications, de cette transparence insoupçonnée. / Abstract : The performance of scintillation detectors, made up of a scintillating crystal coupled to a photodetector, critically depends on the collection and extraction efficiency of scintillation photons from the crystal by the sensor. In highly pixelated imaging systems (e.g. PET, CT), scintillators must be arranged in compact arrays with form factors detrimental to light transport, deteriorating the detector performance. The goal of the study was to optimize the pixelated detectors performance by identifying the light loss sources related to the spectral, spatial and angular characteristics of the scintillation photons impinging on scintillators faces. Such information acquired by Monte Carlo simulations enables adequate weighting for the evaluation of achievable gains through structuring of the scintillators for enhanced light extraction to the photodetector. The magnitude of parameters affecting the light collection in arrays, such as adhesive materials absorption and reflector opacity that both have high impact on light output, was evaluated through a factorial design. A frequently used reflector because of its outstanding optical performance was characterized in more realistic conditions compared to air immersion in which its reflectivity is always reported. An important reflectivity quenching of the reflector in optically bonded scintillator arrays was discovered by simulation and confirmed experimentally. This explains the high light crosstalk measured in pixelated arrays as well as paving the way to assembling methods limiting or taking advantage, depending on the application, of this unsuspected transparency.

In recent years a great deal of interest has been focused on the synthesis of transitional metal (e.g. Ag, Cu, Fe, Au) nanosystems at the surface to sub-surface regions of Si and SiO2 matrices for fundamental understanding of their structures as well as for development of technological applications with enhanced electronic and optical properties. The applications of the metal nanoparticle or nanocluster (NC) systems range from plasmonics, photovoltaic devices, medical, and biosensors. In all of these applications; the size, shape and distribution of the metallic NCs in the silicon matrix play a key role. Low energy ion implantation followed by thermal annealing (in vacuum or gas environment) is one of the most suitable methods for synthesis of NCs at near surfaces to buried layers below the surfaces of the substrates. This technique can provide control over depth and concentration of the implanted ions in the host matrix. The implanted low energy metal ions initially amorphizes the Si substrates while being distributed at a shallow depth near the substrate surface. When subject to thermal annealing, the implanted ions agglomerate to form clusters of different sizes at different depths depending upon the fluence. However, for the heavier ions implanted with high fluences (~1×1016 - 1×1017 atoms/cm2), there lies challenges for accurately predicting the distribution of the implanted ions due to sputtering of the surface as well as redistribution of the implants within the host matrix. In this dissertation, we report the investigation of the saturation of the concentration of the implanted ion species in the depth profiles with low energies (< 80 keV) metal ions (Ag and Au) in Si (100), while studying the dynamic changes during the ion implantation. Multiple low energies (30-80 keV) Ag ions with different fluences were sequentially implanted into commercially available Si wafers in order to facilitate the formation of Ag NCs with a wide ion distributions range. The light absorption profile according to different sizes of NCs at the near-surface layers in Si were investigated. We have investigated the formation of Ag NCs in the Si matrix as a function of implantation and thermal annealing parameters. The absorbance of light is increased in Ag implanted Si with a significant increase in the current collection in I-V (current-voltage) photo switching measurements. The experimental photovoltaic cells fabricated with the Ag implanted Si samples were optically characterized under AM (air mass) 1.5 solar radiation conditions (~1.0 kW/m2). An enhancement in the charge collection were measured in the annealed samples, where prominent Ag NCs were formed in the Si matrix compared to the as-implanted samples with the amorphous layer. The characterization techniques such as Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, XPS-depth profiling, transmission electron microscopy, optical absorption, and I-V (current-voltage) photo switching measurements were employed to understand the underlying science in the observed properties. The results of these investigations are discussed in this research.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise en recherche-création explore aussi bien la teneur populaire que l'aspect proprement théâtral associés aux figures narratives que sont les bonimenteurs. À partir d'une lecture critique des Nouvelles récréations et joyeux devis (1558) de Bonaventure Des Périers, le volet essai du mémoire tente de cerner quelle est la posture particulière que présente ce narrateur bonimenteur de la Renaissance française. Nous avons cette fois tenté de voir comment ce discours employé par Des Périers, grâce à une stylistique et une structure discursive qui lui sont propres, participe de la figure du bonimenteur s’adressant au lecteur comme il le ferait sur une place publique, usant de cette posture pour jouer avec son lecteur, grâce à des effets paradoxaux de rapprochement et de mise à distance. Cette façon ludique de se mettre en valeur propre aux bonimenteurs aura des échos jusque dans le volet création du mémoire. Propos et contes avinés est un recueil de nouvelles inspiré de la tradition boccaccienne dans lequel des protagonistes se racontent des histoires pour convaincre leurs interlocuteurs du bien-fondé de leur position. S’y juxtapose aussi bien la parole dialoguée (dans les « propos ») que la parole narrative (dans les « contes »), dans une atmosphère carnavalesque. / This master’s thesis in research/creation explores the popular scope as well as the theatrical aspect associated with the narrative figures that are the pitchmen. Following a critical reading of the Nouvelles récréations et joyeux devis (1558) from Bonaventure Des Périers, the essay portion of the thesis attempts to identify the particular posture presented by the pitchman narrator from the French Renaissance. We have attempted to illustrate how this discourse used by Des Périers, through his particular stylistic and discursive structure, partakes in the pitchman figure who addresses the readers directly as he would do in the public square and uses this posture to play with them, using paradoxical effects of proximity and detachment. This playful manner through which the pitchmen distinguish themselves will fin echoes in the creation portion of this thesis. Propos et contes avinés is a collection of short stories inspired by the boccaccian tradition in which the protagonists tell stories in order to convince their listeners of the validity of their opinions. Their dialogue (the discourse) is juxtaposed with narrative (the tale) in a carnivalesque atmosphere.

Nous analysons ici les discours identitaires d’écrivains des Antilles françaises, principalement Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant. Autour de la question centrale des ensembles géographiques que dessinent leurs discours sur l’homme (nègre, noir, antillais ou créole), nous examinons leur contexte de production, les enjeux de leurs positions, leur dimension performative et les voies par lesquelles ces discours peuvent influencer les représentations collectives. Nous portons une attention particulière aux rapports entre écrivains et anthropologues : certains écrivains valorisent la perception du natif et celle de l’artiste, arguant de l’efficacité cognitive de l’écriture littéraire sans disqualifier le discours scientifique. Les espaces d’appartenance qu’ils donnent à voir sont en rapport avec les découpages des littéraires et des savants (en particulier Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). Nous montrons que leurs « originales géographies » ne se résument pas à la vision d’Antilles africaines pour Césaire, d’un monde noir pour Condé, d’un monde créole pour la Créolité ou de l’archipel pour Glissant. En rapport avec leurs conceptions des identités, associées à une résistance croissante à l’ethnicisation par l’autre et aux catégorisations, la complexité et la variabilité de leurs discours réduisent leur impact, cependant sensible dans la constitution des fonds locaux des bibliothèques. Ils se préoccupent de la diffusion locale de leurs discours, à travers l’interaction directe avec le public, parfois l’enseignement, et la création de prix littéraires. Nous montrons enfin que les veillées littéraires et autres manifestations dans lesquelles ils s’investissent depuis vingt ans témoignent de leur intérêt pour l’émergence de communautés de lecteurs, la sociabilité littéraire étant le vecteur du renforcement de sentiments d’appartenance. / This work analyzes identitarian discourses among writers from the French Caribbean, in particular Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. Around the central question of the geographical ensembles outlined in their discourses on man (Negro, Black, West Indian or Creole), I examine the context of their production, their implications, their performative dimension and the ways in which these discourses can influence collective representations. I focus in particular on the relations between writers and anthropologists. Certain writers promote native and artistic perception, and stress the cognitive efficacy of literary writing without however disqualifying scientific discourse. The spaces of belonging they set out are linked to mappings proposed by literary scholars and social scientists (notably Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). I show that their « original geographies » cannot be reduced to Césaire’s conception of African West Indies, Condé’s Black world, the Creolity movement’s Creole world, or Glissant’s Archipelago. Linked to their conceptions of identity and an increasing resistance to categorizations and to ethnicization by the other, the complexity and variability of their discourses reduce their impact, although it remains visible in the way that local collections in libraries are organized. The writers are concerned with the local diffusion of their discourse through direct interaction with the public, sometimes teaching, and the creation of literary prizes. Finally, I stress that their participation in literary evenings and other cultural events over the last twenty years testifies to their interest in the emergence of reader communities and in literary sociability as a means of reinforcing a sense of belonging.

By using innovative methods, such as the automated transfer of corporate electronic data to National Statistical Institutions, official transport data can be significantly improved in terms of reliability, costs and the burden on respondents. In this paper, we show that the automated compilation of statistical reports is possible and feasible. Based on previous findings, a new method and tool were developed in cooperation with two business partners from the logistics sector in Austria. The results show that the prototype could successfully be implemented at the partner companies. Improved data quality can lead to more reliable analyses in various fields. Compared to actual volumes of investments into transport, the costs of transport statistics are limited. By using the new and innovative data collection techniques, these costs can even be reduced in the long run; at the same time, the risk of bad investments and wrong decisions caused by analyses relying on poor data quality can be reduced. This results in a substantial value for business, research, the economy and the society.

No description available.

Esta dissertação propõe o estudo das seis obras de Mario Sironi (Sassari, 1885 Milão, 1961) que pertencem ao acervo do MAC USP (Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo) Os pescadores (1924); Os emigrantes (1930); Composição (1931); Invocação (1946); Paisagem (1946) e a imagem em seu verso; e Fuga no Egito (1947) , a partir de dois contextos maiores: no percurso da produção do artista, de modo a traçar a evolução das suas pesquisas artísticas para situar as obras do MAC USP; e dentro das campanhas de aquisição de obras de arte moderna italiana articuladas por Francisco Matarazzo Sobrinho e Yolanda Penteado para compor o futuro Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, entre 1946 e 1947, a fim de compreender quais fatores podem ter contribuído para a escolha dessas pinturas. A pesquisa se estabelece no âmbito de estudos recentes sobre as origens das coleções que compõem o acervo do MAC USP e, internacionalmente, de uma historiografia da arte atualizada sobre a obra de Sironi, artista que hoje é pouco conhecido e estudado no Brasil. Por fim, o estudo pretende contribuir para certa leitura da arte moderna brasileira que esteve em diálogo com o ambiente artístico italiano do período do entreguerras. / This research proposes the study of the six works by Mario Sironi (Sassari, 1885 - Milan, 1961) that belong to MAC USPs collection (University of São Paulos Museum of Contemporary Art) Os pescadores (1924); Os emigrantes (1930); Composição (1931); Invocação (1946); Paisagem (1946) and the image on the back; and Fuga no Egito (1947) from two higher contexts: the artist\'s production path, in order to trace the evolution of his artistic research to locate MAC USPs works; and within the acquisition campaigns of modern Italian artworks articulated by Francisco Matarazzo Sobrinho and Yolanda Penteado to compose the future Museum of Modern Art of São Paulo between 1946 and 1947 in order to understand which factors may have contributed to the choice of these paintings. The research is established within the framework of recent studies on the origins of the collections that compose MAC USPs collection and, internationally, an updated art historiography on the work of Sironi, an artist that is little known and studied in Brazil. Finally, the study aims to contribute to a certain reading of modern Brazilian art that was in dialogue with the Italian artistic environment of the interwar period.