Since the 1960s the memory of the Finnish SS-volunteers has been seen as a special group which did not participate in the atrocities while serving in Waffen-SS. A new study about the Finnish SS-volunteers was published at the end of 2018 sparking an active discussion about the role of Finns in the Holocaust and atrocities in World War II. The debate about the painful past further invigorated when the National Archives of Finland carried out an archival survey concluding that volunteers most likely participated in atrocities against Jews, civilians and prisoners of war. This master thesis investigates the discussion that took place in the newspapers, tabloids and journals, and based on the arguments used, it analyses how the memory of Finnish SS-volunteers is dealt with in Finnish society. The discussion confirms that there are uncomfortable parts in Finland's past which are yet to be dealt with and the old interpretations of Finland having separate war and being a victim still has a meaningful place in the historical consciousness. There is also a need to further investigate the empty pages of Finnish history, the painful ones too.

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This study is about the first and second generation Assyrians in Sweden. It aims to understand what shapes their identity, and how they integrate in their host country Sweden. Previous studies have looked into the transformation of ethnic identity and integration of Assyrians in Sweden and the role that the collective memory plays. While these studies provided a good framework they have some limitations. Firstly they are not in English so do not have as much reach globally and there was no distinct comparison of first and second generation Assyrians. Lastly, there have been no contemporary studies conducted, considering the growth of the diaspora it is important to come back to these questions. It is the hope that our research can start to bridge the gap that is left from these limitations, thus providing the rationale for our study. By using different theories on ethnic, indigenous and situational identity, the impact of cultural trauma and the process of acculturation, we drafted a set of interview questions for each theory. Based on the empirical data collected from the interviews, we argue that first and second generation Assyrians both agree that they have multiple identities but that their Assyrian identity is the most important for them. Secondly, we argue that the collective memory is still very prevalent in the consciousness of these individuals but that it is more palpable in the first generation rather than the second because of their personal experiences linking the past to the present. The second generation are more removed from the trauma related to the collective memory as they themselves make their own identity and rituals in a new context that is Sweden by integrating both cultures they grew up in. And lastly, we argue that the collective memory is a driving factor for integration in Sweden for both first and second generation Assyrians as they appreciate greater freedoms and rights despite being an indigenous ethnic and religious minority.

N. K. Jemisin‘s Broken Earth Trilogy explores the methods and effects of systemic oppression. Orogenes are historically oppressed and dehumanised by the wider society of The Stillness. In this thesis, I will be exploring the ways in which trauma experienced by orogenes is repeated through generations, as presented through Essun‘s varied and complex relationships with her children, and with the Fulcrum Guardian Schaffa. The collective trauma of orogenes is perpetuated through different direct and indirect actions in a repetitive cycle, on societal, interpersonal and familial levels. My reading will be in conversation with theories of trauma literature and cultural trauma, and will be informed by Afrofuturist cultural theory.  Although science fiction and fantasy encourage the imagination, worldbuilding is inherently influenced by lived experiences. It could thus be stated that the trauma experienced by orogenes is informed by the collective trauma of African-Americans, as experienced by N. K. Jemisin. Afrofuturism is an aesthetic mode and critical lens which prioritises the imagining of a liberated future. Writing science fiction and fantasy through an Afrofuturist aesthetic mode encourages authors to explore forms of collective trauma as well as methods of healing. Jemisin creates an explicit parallel between the traumatic African-American experience and that of orogenes. Afrofuturist art disrupts linear time and addresses past and present trauma through the imagining of the future. The Broken Earth Trilogy provides a blueprint for the imagined liberation of oppressed groups. Using Afrofuturist tropes such as technology, the ―Black Genius‖ figure and alienation, Jemisin demonstrates the power of reclamation and the possibility of a self-created future for oppressed groups.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of Polish minority, which remained after the Second World War in the city of Lviv that is since 1991 part of independent Ukraine. Particular focus of this project is aimed on reasearch of a relationship between collective memory and identity of this specific minority. For purpose of this project field reasearch in Lviv was conducted in the years 2014-2015. This researched focused on work with Polish periodicals that are being published in Lviv since 1990, conducting semistructured interviews with members of this community and survey research in both high schools with Polish language of education that exist in Lviv. The work itself is divided into four main chapters which focuses on theoretical concepts used for purpose of the thesis, general characteristics of Polish minority in Lviv including historical background and present-day relations with local Ukrainian majority, identity and also collective memory of this community. According to the results of the research Polish minority is very well integrated into the Ukrainian society with elements of partial assimilation that takes place also because of large number of mixed Polish-Ukrainian families or good mutual relations with the Ukrainians. Despite that there exists smaller more compact community which...

The residents of Henry County, through the evolving practices of collecting and preserving local history, organized and developed a sustainable local historical society. The 1902 dedication ceremony, which signaled the beginning of the “museum” chapter of the HCHS, was only one of many steps in the institutionalization of local history in Henry County. The foundation of a sustainable local historical society is constructed upon permanent quarters and a historical collection. Additional requisite building blocks include wide public support, adequate and consistent funding, and a paid individual to facilitate and manage the museum, its collections, and various other day-to-day operations and activities. In Henry County, this blueprint for sustainability was greatly facilitated by the county’s territorial beginnings and its cultural development before the Civil War, as well as the county’s old settlers’ society movement and local history writing during the latter half of the nineteenth century. With this said, historical societies were “not created in a vacuum” but rather amid a complex historical framework encompassing local, regional, and national contexts. For Henry County, this framework consisted of many varied but constituent parts. The American Centennial in 1876, industrialization, Quakerism, the popularity of Civil War history and commemoration in Indiana that peaked around 1900, and a state historical movement and the simultaneous development of other historical organizations following the Indiana Centennial in 1916 were also instrumental in the county’s evolving dedication to preserving local history and the organization’s course toward sustainability.

El proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de una Escuela Gastronómica en el Centro Histórico de Lima. Se plantea en este lugar como punto de partida para un futuro y progresivo crecimiento del turismo gastronómico a esta zona. La estrategia urbana plantea generar una calle pública peatonal, junto con espacios públicos de estar como un oasis en respuesta al caos que actualmente significa el Centro Histórico. Busca integrarse al entorno con los usos mixtos complementarios con vocación gastronómica, que complementen la función principal del proyecto: la escuela, a través de un aprendizaje teórico y sobre todo, experimental. Asimismo, busca integrarse a través del empleo de estrategias propuestas por el regionalismo crítico para de alguna manera, rescatas y potenciar la memoria colectiva del lugar. / The project consists of the development of a Gastronomic School in the Historical Center of Lima. It is proposed here as a starting point for a future and progressive growth of gastronomic tourism to this area. The urban strategy aims to generate a public pedestrian street, along with public spaces to be like an oasis in response to the chaos that the Historic Center currently means. It seeks to integrate into the environment with complementary mixed uses related to the gastronomic vocation, which complement the main function of the project: the school, through theoretical and, above all, experimental learning. Likewise, it seeks to integrate through the use of strategies proposed by critical regionalism to somehow rescue and enhance the collective memory of the place. / Trabajo de investigación

Le présent travail se propose d’investiguer dans une perspective psychosociale, les relations entre l’événement historique majeur qu’a constitué la Première Guerre mondiale et les attitudes pacifistes actuelles des jeunes Européens. Celui-ci s’élabore en deux parties adoptant chacune une perspective théorique, méthodologique et contextuelle particulière. La première s’ancre dans le champ théorique des représentations sociales et s’attache, à travers une enquête menée dans vingt-deux pays d’Europe, à mettre en évidence les liens existant entre indicateurs objectifs de victimisation durant la guerre, représentations du conflit et attitudes pacifistes actuelles. Dans la seconde partie, une attention particulière est portée aux effets des commémorations du centenaire du conflit, sur les attitudes pacifistes des jeunes Belges. Un ensemble d’études menées sur la visite d’expositions et le visionnage de films documentaires, met en évidence les effets paradoxaux de la participation aux activités commémoratives. Ces dernières, considérées comme pourvoyeuses de récits, amènent dans un certain nombre de cas à une diminution du niveau d’attitudes pacifistes des participants. A la fin de ces deux parties, deux constats semblent s’imposer. Ces constats sont ceux de la nécessaire prise en compte du temps long dans l’étude des attitudes et de la valeur ajoutée que constitue pour la psychologie de la mémoire, l’adoption d’une perspective interdisciplinaire où l’histoire joue un rôle de premier plan. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第21198号 / 地博第227号 / 新制||地||84(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 岡本 正明, 教授 石川 登, 教授 藤倉 達郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Populism in Europe has heightened racial tensions in many countries, including the Netherlands. Since the early 2010s, the Dutch have been debating whether the traditional blackface character Black Pete is a racist remnant of colonialism and should be changed for modern society. Though many politicians consider Black Pete a “matter for the people”, different agents in meaning-making provide different perspectives and influences. This dissertation explores the Black Pete debate holistically and considers how he is interpreted and changed through multiple entry points. By tracing the historical changes of the image and critically examining the discourses created by politicians, the media, and activists, the analysis shows how Black Pete comes the stand in for Dutch identity and how this gives him political utility. The process of resignifying Black Pete highlights the difficulty of addressing racial inequalities in a postcolonial nation. Each agent uses Black Pete to either maintain or challenge the existing racial hierarchy, but lone agents can neither make change nor stop the demand for it. These agents often only tangentially interact, but each action affects what the others do. Throughout the analysis of each entry point, the connecting role of the news media is shown, as it interprets these actions for the public at large. Colonialism created boundaries around the Dutch identity through violence, capital, and racial classifications, the Black Pete is about moving those boundaries to include those who least benefit from the colonial legacy. / Communication Sciences